Usinglanguage

Unit5IntotheunknownLearningobjectives1.Toreviewtheusageofnounclauses;2.Tousenounclausescorrectly;3.Toreadthepassagerelatedtothetopicandlearntousethewordsandexpressionsaboutfacingthefuture;4.Tograspsomebasicfactsandthecurrentresearchsituationaboutthebrain,listentotheinterviewtogettheinformationaboutsleep,andlearntousetheexpressionsconcerninginvestigations.Activity1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a.Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.b.ButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.c.WhyMayacivilisationcollapsedremainsamystery.Grammar:nounclauses1.Whichsentence

containsaclause

thatserves

asthesubjectofthesentence?2.Whichsentence

containsaclause

thatserves

astheobjectofthesentence?3.Whichsentence

containsaclause

thatgives

furtherinformationaboutthesubjectinthesentence?4.Whatdo“how”,“what”and“why”ineachsentencereferto?1.Whichsentence

containsaclause

thatserves

asthesubjectofthesentence?Sentencec.2.Whichsentence

containsaclause

thatserves

astheobjectofthesentence?Sentencea.3.Whichsentence

containsaclause

thatgives

furtherinformationaboutthesubjectinthesentence?Sentenceb.4.Whatdo“how”,“what”and“why”ineachsentencereferto?a.Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.b.ButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.c.

WhyMayacivilisationcollapsedremainsamystery.“how”referstotheextentof

powerofAncientMayacivilisation’ssecrets;“why”referstothereason

thatMayacivilisationcollapsed.“what”referstothethingthat

causedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreat

cities;名詞性從句主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句一個句子放于主語的位置上一個句子放于賓語的位置上一個句子放于表語的位置上一個句子放于同位語的位置上Nowlookformoresentenceswithnounclausesinthereadingpassage.

1.Basedonthis,hebelievedhehadspottedanunknownMayacityburieddeepinthejungle.2.Whatismostextraordinaryaboutthesecomplexstructuresishow

theywerebuiltwithouttheuseofwheels,metaltools

orevenanimalpower.賓語從句主語從句表語從句4.Itispossiblethatthe

Mayapeopleunknowinglyreducedtheirabilitytodealwithnaturaldisasters.3.ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologically

primitivemakesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.同位語從句主語從句形式主語怎樣使用名詞性從句的引導詞呢？原則：缺什么填什么，啥也不缺，填that,缺主語，缺賓語，表示“什么人，什么事，什么東西”

用what。2.名詞性從句都是陳述句語序。想一想，下列句子應該用什么引導詞？是什么從句？（注意從句語序）1.Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshows_______powerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.2.Butthegreatestmysteryofallis______causedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.3._______Mayacivilisationcollapsedremainsamystery.howwhatWhy賓語從句表語從句主語從句陳述句語序4.______ismostextraordinaryaboutthesecomplexstructuresis______theywerebuiltwithouttheuseofwheels,metaltools

orevenanimalpower.5.Thefact______Mayasocietywastechnologically

primitivemakesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.6.Itispossible____the

Mayapeople

unknowinglyreducedtheirabilitytodealwithnaturaldisasters.Whathowthatthat主語從句表語從句同位語從句主語從句陳述句語序Activity2Completethepassageusingnounclauses

withwords

inbrackets.Therearemanymysteries

about

dinosaurstowhichwelongtofindexplanations.Youmaythinkthat

dinosaurs

werebig,greenandscaly,right?Infact,itseems

thattheyappeared

very

differentfrom1_____________(think).Inrecentyears,scientists

haveworkedout2__________________________________(look):manyofthemweresmallwithfeathers.However,3_______________(have)

feathersstillisn’tclear—

itmighthavebeenforcommunicatingor

forstayingwarm,butnotjustforflight.Scientistsalsobelievethatmanydinosaurshadbrightcolours.Itseems4_______________(dependon)theirhabitats.Thatis,dinosaurswhichcouldflywouldhavehaddifferentcolourstothoselivinginthesea.whatwethinkwhatthey

lookedlike/howtheylookedwhethertheyhadthatdependedonActivity3Talkaboutwhatcausedthe

disappearanceofdinosaursusingnounclauseswhereappropriate.Youmayusethenotestohelpyou.Whatcausedthedisappearanceofdinosaurs:1.ahugemeteoritehittingEarth2.ashandgasfromeruptingvolcanoes3.diseaseAmongthemanyunsolvedmysteries

about

dinosaurs,whatreally

interests

meis

theirdisappearance.Onepossible

explanationisthat…Activity4Workinpairs.Doresearchinto

anotherextinctcreature.Shareyour

ideasaboutwhyitdisappearedusing

nounclauses

whereappropriate.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.Activity5Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Payattentiontothewordsandexpressionsinbold.Whensomethingstrangeorunfamiliarhappens,theflightinstinct

cankickin.Often,makingaquickgetaway

isasensible

and

understandablenaturalresponse,datingbacktoatimewhenour

ancestors

wererunningfortheirlivesfromdangers,suchas

wild

animals,lightningandfire.Sowhileyoumaybetemptedtocheck

outastrange

object

ortotestthewatersofanewsituation,itcan

besafertosteerclearof

theunfamiliar.迅速逃走避開，繞開FacingtheunknownHowever,noteveryonechoosesto

followthisinstinct.Insteadof

retreatingto

their

caves,

some

ofourancestors

chose

to

subdue

their

fearsandpursue

theunknown-and

thiscuriosityledthemto,

for

instance,discovertheuse

offire.Inmorerecenttimes,Norwegianexplorer,RoaldAmundsen

enduredoneofthemosthostileenvironmentsonEarthwhenhesetoutinto

unchartedterritorytoreachtheSouthPole.Thesereactionshelphumankinddelveinto

theunknownandadvancetowardsamoreprogressiveandcivilisedsociety.Ofcourse,explorationdoesn’thavetomeanblindlythrowingourselvesinto

theunknown,andit’sneverwrongto

thinktwicebeforetaking

action.Whilethereisnoneedforustoshrinkfrom

newsituations,weshouldalwayslookinto

thingsfirstandconsiderouroptions.撤退到征服忍耐，忍受打算，著手鉆研，探究三思而后行退避調查考慮我們的選擇1.Whatistheflightinstinct?Whydosomepeople

reactthatwayin

thefaceoftheunknown?Flightinstinctisourinstinctivereactiontoget

awayfromastrange,unfamiliarordangerous

situation.Somepeoplereactthatwayinthefaceof

theunknownbecauseitisasensibleand

understandablenaturalresponse.2.Whatotherreactionscouldpeoplehavewhenfacingtheunknown?Somepeoplechoosetoovercometheirfearsand

facetheunknown.AvoidingActivity6PutthewordsandexpressionsinActivity5intothetable.Addanymoreyoucan

thinkof.makingaquickgetawayrunningfortheirlives

fromsteerclearofretreatingtoshrinkfromExploringcheck

outtestthewatersofset

outintodelveintotakingactionOvercomingHesitatingsubdueenduredthinktwicelookintoconsider

ouroptionsActivity7Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Ofalltheworkingsofthehuman

body,thereisoneorganthatproducesthemostintrigueamongst

scientists.Thebrainisthecentreof

thenervoussystem

andcontrolsmostofthebody’sactivities.Interestingly,itisthebackpartofthebrainthatisinvolvedwithourvision.Thesides

ofthebrainareinvolvedinmemory,speech

andrhythm.

Althoughthe

brainamountstoonlyabout2%

oftotalbodyweight,ituses

upto

20%ofthebody’senergy—more

thananyotherorgan.Scientists

have

beenconductingresearch

inorder

toseekgreaterunderstandingof

thebrain,especially

sincethe1950s.Nevertheless,thereisstilla

longwaytogobefore

wecancompletely

understandtheworkingsofthis

complexorgan.激起……的興趣；引發……的興趣節奏；韻律Listening&speaking總共達到然而，不過1.Whatfunctionsofthebrainare

mentionedinthepassage?Thebrainfunctionsmentionedincludeitsbeingthecentreofthenervoussystemand

controllingmostofthebody’sactivities,includingvision,memory,speechandrhythm.2.Whatisthecurrentresearch

situation

concerningthebrain?Thereisstillalongwaytogobeforewecancompletelyunderstandtheworkingsofthe

brain.3.Doyouknowanyotherinterestingfacts

aboutthebrain?

Share

themwiththeclass.Activity8Listentotheinterviewandchoose

thetopicdiscussed.1.Methodstokeepthebrainhealthy

andactive.2.Sleep-relatedmysteries.3.Waysofimprovingsleep

quality.4.Methodsofinterpretingdreams.TheoriesDrlong’scommentsThebrainneeds

timeto1_____________________.Recent

studiesprovethat

ourbrains

2____________

duringsleep.Thebrain3_______________________________whenwe’reawake.Itneedssleepto

4______________________________.Thereisn’t5____________toconfirmthis.Itmight

notbe6_______________________forsleep.7______________________________________________inthebrainwhilewe’reawake,andthebrainreflectsonthemand8_______________________________inourdreams.Alotofresearchhasbeenconducted,butwestillcan’tprovethat9____________________________.Activity9Listenagainandcompletethetable.restanddomaintenance

makeslotsofpoisonouschemicalsremovethesechemicalsremainactiveenoughdatathemostimportantreason

Newconnectionsareformedbetweendifferent

parts

usesthemtoformnewmemoriessleepisnecessar