2/2Unit4ReadingforWriting整體掌握精讀與寫作之寫概要2019人教版高中英語必修第一冊英語24字整體教學(xué)講義學(xué)生版目錄目錄讀◆閱讀清障——課文詞塊，詞匯英漢互譯◆課文釋譯——重點(diǎn)詞匯標(biāo)注，重點(diǎn)句型講解?理解探究SKIMMING?整體理解?文本宏觀框架SCANNING?細(xì)節(jié)探究?文本微觀剖析REREADING?主題實(shí)踐?閱讀思維升華RETELLING?整體掌握?文本知識濃縮寫概要寫作◆通技法——學(xué)會寫作規(guī)范◆通詞匯——學(xué)會亮點(diǎn)詞匯◆通句型——學(xué)會黃金句型◆通模版——減少低級失誤◆通典例——學(xué)會賞讀范文◆創(chuàng)新文——創(chuàng)作自己文章

ReadingforWriting◆閱讀清障——課文詞塊，詞匯英漢互譯Ⅰ.核心詞匯根據(jù)語境寫出正確的單詞haveenough_______________ 有足夠的供給bedestroyedbythe_______________ 被臺風(fēng)破壞bedamagedbythe_______________ 被颶風(fēng)損壞tapona_______________ 敲打管道stay_______________ 保持冷靜_______________intocoastlines 撞向海岸線huge_______________ 巨大的海浪astorm_______________thecity 一個風(fēng)暴襲擊了城市difficultto_______________food 難以運(yùn)送食物the_______________ofthetext 文章的長度Ⅱ.拓展詞匯根據(jù)語境寫出相應(yīng)的派生詞thevolcano_______________ 火山爆發(fā)了→asudden_______________(n.) 一起突然的爆發(fā)_______________theearthquake 在地震中幸存下來→theonly_______________(n.) 唯一的幸存者→achanceof_______________(n.) 一個存活的機(jī)會_______________lines電線→_______________(adj.)強(qiáng)大的;有力量的an_______________number 緊急電話號碼→some_______________(adj.)events 一些突發(fā)事件Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)短語_______________ 露天;在戶外

_______________ 急救箱

_______________ 現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)

_______________ 消滅;徹底消除

standat _______________atleast _______________stayawayfrom _______________makesure _______________indanger _______________【譯文】◆課文釋譯——重點(diǎn)詞匯標(biāo)注，重點(diǎn)句型講解讀文清障原文呈現(xiàn)課文翻譯①crash[kr??]vt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊n.撞車；碰撞crashinto撞倒……；沖入②sweepaway消滅；徹底消除sweep[swi?p]vt.&vi.(swept,swept)打掃；清掃③wave[we?v]n.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.揮手；招手hugewaves巨浪④strike[stra?k]vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲；突擊；擊打n.罷工；罷課；襲擊⑤offprep.離，距離⑥someadv.(＝about)大約；約莫⑦standat達(dá)到特定水平(或數(shù)量、高度等)⑧affectvt.影響；(疾病侵襲)；深深打動⑨officialn.官員adj.官方的；正式的governmentofficials政府官員⑩missingadj.(＝lost)失蹤的?localadj.當(dāng)?shù)氐膎.當(dāng)?shù)厝?safetyn.安全處所?expectvt.預(yù)計(jì)，預(yù)料?evenadv.更(程度副詞)常用的修飾比較級的程度副詞、短語還有still,far,any,much,alot等。?deliver[d?'l?v?(r)]vt.&vi.遞送；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表TheDailyNewsTSUNAMIHITSASIA：OVER6，500DEADByRobertWoodhouseMonday,27December2004Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashed①intocoastlinesacrossAsia[1]yesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries[2].Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptaway②byhugewaves③causedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0[3].Theunderseaquakestruck④around7：00a.m.,Sundayoff⑤thewestcoastofIndonesia'sSumatraIsland.Inthatareaalone,atleast1，870peoplewerekilled.[1]此處是關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾tsunami。that在從句中作主語。[2]此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。[3]此處是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾waves，該結(jié)構(gòu)中that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞earthquake。InSriLanka,some⑥1，600kilometreswestofthequakecentre,thenumberofdeathsstoodat⑦2，498,andonemillionmorewereaffected⑧bythetsunami,governmentofficials⑨said.Indianofficialssaidasmanyas1，900hadbeenkilledalongthesoutherncoast.Another254werefounddeadinThailandand54inthreeothercountries[4].InsouthernThailand,1，900peoplewerehurtandmanymoreweremissing⑩，local?officialssaid.“Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome[5].Wehadtoleaveeverythingandruntosafety?，”saidChandraTheeravit,alocalThaiwoman.[4]此處deadinThailand為主語Another254的補(bǔ)足語；54inthreeothercountries為省略句，補(bǔ)全為54werefounddeadinthreeothercountries。[5]本句運(yùn)用了“sb.bedoingsth.when...”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“某人正在做某事，這時（突然）……”Thousandsofpeoplearestillmissing,andthenumberofdeathsisexpected?togroweven?higheroverthenextfewdays.Foreignaidisbeingorganised[6]forthetsunami-hitcountries.However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliver?foodandsupplies[7].[6]此處是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成是bebeingdone。[7]在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，it是形式賓語，形容詞difficult作賓補(bǔ)，后面的不定式短語todeliverfoodandsupplies是真正的賓語每日新聞海嘯襲擊亞洲：6500余人喪生羅伯特·伍德豪斯供稿2004年12月27日，星期一昨日，40年來最強(qiáng)烈的地震引發(fā)的海嘯重創(chuàng)了亞洲沿海地帶，造成印度尼西亞、印度、泰國、馬來西亞和至少其他四個國家的6500多人喪生。漁民、游客、酒店、住房和汽車都被9.0級強(qiáng)震引發(fā)的巨浪卷走了。這場海底地震發(fā)生在周日早上7點(diǎn)鐘左右，地點(diǎn)在印度尼西亞蘇門答臘島西海岸。僅該地區(qū)就有至少1870人喪生。政府官員稱，在斯里蘭卡，震中以西約1600千米處，死亡人數(shù)高達(dá)2498人，另有100多萬人受到海嘯的影響。印度官員稱，南部海岸地區(qū)有多達(dá)1900人喪生。泰國另有254人喪生，其他三個國家有54人喪生。當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T表示，泰國南部有1900人受傷，失蹤人數(shù)則更多。泰國當(dāng)?shù)氐囊晃粙D女錢德拉·特拉維說：“當(dāng)時我和我的三個孩子正在吃早餐，海水開始灌入我的家里。我們只好扔下一切，跑到安全地帶。”仍有成千上萬人失蹤，預(yù)計(jì)未來幾天死亡人數(shù)還將增加。目前人們正在為這些受災(zāi)國家組織國外援助。然而，險(xiǎn)惡的條件和受損的道路將使運(yùn)送食品和物資變得困難。?理解探究SKIMMING?整體理解?文本宏觀框架1.Readthepassageandfillintheblanks.Thepassageisaboutatsunami(1)_______________byanunderseaquake(2)_______________thewestcoastofIndonesia’sSumatraIsland,(3)_______________morethan6,500people.Whatisthewritingstyleofthistext?___________________________________________________________________________________SCANNING?細(xì)節(jié)探究?文本微觀剖析Choosethebestanswer()1.Whatcausedthetsunami?A.Ahurricane.B.Atyphoon. C.Aflood.D.Anearthquake.()2.Whatwasthemagnitudeoftheearthquakethathappenedon27December,2004?A.7.0.B.9.0. C.7.5.D.6.0.()3.Whywerefoodandsupplieshardtodeliver?A.Becausetherewasnotenoughfoodandsupplies.B.Becauserescueteamsdarednotgo.C.Becauseconditionsweredangerousandroadsweredestroyed.D.Becausegovernmentsdidn'torganiserescueteams.REREADING?主題實(shí)踐?閱讀思維升華學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)1.第一段使用了并列連詞and，從總體上介紹了海嘯發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)及破壞程度，各句之間銜接緊湊，邏輯清晰。2.第二、三段主要運(yùn)用and,however等銜接詞從細(xì)節(jié)方面詳細(xì)介紹了海嘯造成的破壞。學(xué)表達(dá)1.第一段第二句中用“sweep”形象地表達(dá)出了海浪造成破壞的嚴(yán)重程度。第一句中使用了that引導(dǎo)的定語從句(thatcrashedintocoastlines…)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語(killingmorethan6，500people…)；第二句使用了過去分詞短語作定語(causedbythestrongearthquake…)以及that引導(dǎo)的定語從句(thatreachedamagnitude…)，這些高級句式的運(yùn)用使得文章精彩紛呈。第三段第一句中用“thousandsof”表達(dá)了海嘯危害的人數(shù)之多。2.第二、三段主要使用了被動語態(tài)，bedoing…when,make＋it＋adj.＋todosth.等高級句式彰顯了較強(qiáng)的語言功底。學(xué)寫概要1.Readthenewsreportandfindoutthekeypointsofit.（①time②place③events④cause⑤effect⑥followingevents）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Readthereportagainandwritedownthemainideaofeachparagraph.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.ReadthesummaryofthenewsreportonP55andfindoutwhatiscutoutinthesummary.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________寫作◆◆通技法——學(xué)會寫作規(guī)范概要是一種對原始文獻(xiàn)或文章的基本內(nèi)容進(jìn)行濃縮的語義連貫的短文。是一種要求閱讀和寫作并重的英語高考題型，有準(zhǔn)確性、完整性、概括性、客觀性和個體性等特點(diǎn)。概要寫作提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生在對原文閱讀后，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。概要所用詞句既要用詞準(zhǔn)確、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、語意連貫、不得抄襲原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。讀者在正確理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，在不改變原文中心思想、體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，用簡明、精練的語句高度濃縮文章的主要內(nèi)容和觀點(diǎn)，寫出一篇內(nèi)容概要。懂規(guī)則——學(xué)概要要求Nodetails——抓住主旨大意，省去細(xì)節(jié)信息。Noexamples——抓住主題要點(diǎn)，省去舉例說明。Norepetition——抓住文本主線，省去重復(fù)信息。Nocomments——抓住作者意圖，不加任何評論。Nocopying——抓住關(guān)鍵信息，巧妙同義轉(zhuǎn)換。重方法——學(xué)概要重點(diǎn)1.要點(diǎn)齊全。要點(diǎn)全面是評分的重要方面，因此學(xué)生要訓(xùn)練自己的語篇能力和閱讀能力，既把握文本的整體和部分，又把握它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系。2.精煉簡潔。精煉指的是概括的內(nèi)容要高度濃縮。學(xué)生可以利用概括的方法對文本內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提煉，用刪略的方法去換不重要或者不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。簡潔指的是所使用的語言簡練。學(xué)生可以用抽象的、概括性的語言代替具體形象的語言。3.靈活轉(zhuǎn)換。語言轉(zhuǎn)換就是用不同的詞或句式來表達(dá)與原有內(nèi)容相同的意義。可以通過同義、近義和反義變換來替換需要被替換的詞匯；句子重構(gòu)可以改變原有句子中個別詞和詞組在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)恼Z法成分或變換句式來實(shí)現(xiàn)。悟?qū)懛ā獙W(xué)概要技巧讀：細(xì)讀原文材料，準(zhǔn)確理解原文(1)理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；(2)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；(3)理解主旨和要義。思：確定大綱框架，盤點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)信息發(fā)現(xiàn)問題：陳述是什么問題——是什么(what)?分析問題：原因1：……——為什么(why)?原因2：……原因3：……解決問題：陳述怎么來解決這個問題——怎么辦(how)?寫：關(guān)注內(nèi)在邏輯，整合修改成文。簡而言之，概要(summarywriting)的寫作步驟可以概括為：Findingtopicsentence(s)(找主題句)＋Paraphrase(變式表達(dá)：主動句變被動句、同義詞替換、概括性詞匯代替具體數(shù)字等)＋Addinglinkingwords(增加銜接詞)詞數(shù)要限制在60詞左右，上下限不得超出十個單詞。要根據(jù)文章的題材特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概要寫作。人稱和時態(tài)要與所給文章中的人稱和時態(tài)保持一致，但必要時也可以轉(zhuǎn)變成為第三人稱。寫作時盡可能地使用復(fù)合句，必要時可轉(zhuǎn)換詞性，不得完全照抄照搬原文。進(jìn)行概要寫作時，一定不要加入自己的觀點(diǎn)并對原文加以評論；一定不要引入與原文內(nèi)容無關(guān)的信息。寫作步驟1.確定體裁，明確主題及結(jié)構(gòu)體裁結(jié)構(gòu)記敘文記敘文：人物、時間、地點(diǎn)、事件（起因—發(fā)展—結(jié)果）夾敘夾議文：六要素＋寓意/啟示說明文事物的性質(zhì)功能類：對象＋性質(zhì)功能問題/現(xiàn)象＋解決方法類：現(xiàn)象＋原因＋結(jié)果議論文論點(diǎn)＋論據(jù)＋結(jié)論2.確定主題句，找關(guān)鍵信息畫出每一段的主題句，抓住關(guān)鍵信息，忽略次要信息。3.改寫關(guān)鍵信息，得出要點(diǎn)使用意義相同或相近的單詞、短語或句式，或使用不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)同樣的意思。如改變語態(tài)，肯定變否定等。4.添加連接詞，使行文連貫要牢記各段落要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系和自然銜接，用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞連貫全文。常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：however，besides，inaddition，therefore，instead等等。◆通詞匯——學(xué)會亮點(diǎn)詞匯①player/athlete/competitorn. 運(yùn)動員；競技者②strengthn. 力量；體力③medaln. 獎?wù)拢粍渍垄躶portsevents 體育項(xiàng)目；運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目⑤keepfit 保持健康⑥doexercise 進(jìn)行鍛煉⑦getinjured 受傷⑧facedifficulty 面臨困難⑨t(yī)hefirstprize 一等獎⑩giveup 放棄；投降?trackandfield 田徑?cutout 停止食用◆◆通句型——學(xué)會黃金句型1.微技能訓(xùn)練微技能1高度概括ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.概括為—_____________________________________________________________________________.技能2分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)Thoughbigcitiesprovidepeoplewithmanyconveniences,theycertainlyhavetheirowndisadvantages.Trafficisthefirstandoftenmostseriousproblem.Duringtherushtime,allthestreetsarejammed.Airpollutioncomessecond.Factoriesandcarsareconstantlygivingoffharmfulgases.Iftheweatherisbad,youwillfindthewholecityovercastwithsmog.However,noiseandviolencearetobefoundinsomebigcitiesandthesituationseemstogetworseyearbyyear.本文講了三層意思：(1)Bigcitieshavetheirowndisadvantages.(2)Problems(traffic,airpollution,noiseandviolence)inbigcities.(3)Thesituationseemstobegettingworseyearbyyear.概括為—_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________...微技能3刪除細(xì)節(jié)Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers?First,theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpestsaswellastheharmfulones.Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime.Thisaffectscropsand,therefore,animalsandhumans,sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjustbewashedoff.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.本段要點(diǎn)是：_____________________________________________________________________.微技能4同義替換Companiesusecolourstoencourageustobuytheirproducts.＝Companiesusecoloursto_________________________________________________________________.【答案】Shebroughthomealotofbooksandnewspaperstoreadduringthewintervacation.Bigcitiesofferpeoplemanyconveniences,buttheycertainlyhaveproblems,suchastrafficproblems,airpollution,noiseandviolence.Andthesituationseemstobegettingworseyearbyyear.Chemicalfertilizersdamagethelandandaffecthumans'motesales/stimulatecustomers'buyingdesire/targetpotentialcustomers.◆通模版——減少低級失誤On（時間）...，（事件）...happenedin（地點(diǎn)）...Itcaused（后果）...And...isexpectedtohappen（后續(xù)）.◆通典例——學(xué)會賞讀范文，創(chuàng)作自己文章請閱讀下面短文寫一篇60詞左右的概要。TheearthquakethathitSanFranciscoonApril18,1906shookdownhundredsofthousandsofdollars'worthofwallsandchimneys（煙囪）.Butthefirethatfollowedburneduphundredsofmillionsofdollars'worthofbuildingsandhomes.Neverbeforeinhistoryhasacitybeensocompletelydestroyed.SanFranciscoisgone.Thefactories,thegreatstoresandnewspaperbuildings,thehotels,andthegreathousesoftherichareallgone.OnWednesdaymorningataquarterpastfivecametheearthquake.Amomentlater,thedisasterwasafact.SouthofMarketStreet,intheworking-classneighborhoodsandinthefactories,firesstarted.Withinanhouraftertheearthquake,thesmokeofSanFrancisco'sfirescouldbeseen100milesaway.Thesunwasredinthedarksky.Therewasnostoppingthefires.Thefirefighterstowhomthetaskwasgivendidtheirbestbuttherewasnowaytoorganizeorcommunicate.Therailwaytrackswerenowuseless.Andthegreatpipesforcarryingwaterunderthestreetshadburst.Allofthewaysmanhadmadetokeepthecitysafeweregoneinthethirtysecondstheearthmoved.ByWednesdayafternoon,halfoftheheartofthecitywasgone.Atthattime,Iwatchedthedisasterfromashiponthebay（海灣）.Outatseaitwascalm.Nowindcameup.Yetfromeverydirection—east,west,north,andsouth—strongwindsblewupontheunluckycityandthosewhosehomeshadoncestoodinitsgreenhills.Wednesdaynightsawthedestructionoftheveryheartofthecity.Manhimselfhadtomakeruinsofsomeofthecity'sbestbuildingssothattheywouldnotbeadangertothoseinthestreets.Tensofthousandswhohadlosttheirhomesleftthecitytolookforshelterfromthefire.Someweredressedonlyinblanketsandcarriedthethingsthattheyhadbeenabletorescuefromthefires.Buttherewerenofightsandnopushingorshoving.Somehowthisworstofdisastersbroughtoutthebestinthesurvivors.NeverinallofSanFrancisco'shistorywereherpeoplesokindasonthatterriblenight.第一步布局謀篇第二步遣詞造句1.一場大地震在1906年4月18日襲擊了舊金山。________________________________________________________________________2.這場地震使這座城市被完全破壞。（leave）________________________________________________________________________3.當(dāng)夜晚降臨的時候，無家可歸的人們看到了可怕的破壞。（destruction）________________________________________________________________________4.無家可歸的人們逃離這座城市尋找住處。________________________________________________________________________第三步句式升級5.用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語連接句1、句2。________________________________________________________________________6.用現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語連接句3、句4。________________________________________________________________________第四步完美成篇用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞語，把以上詞匯和句式，再加上聯(lián)想內(nèi)容，組成一篇英語短文。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________◆創(chuàng)新文——創(chuàng)作自己文章請閱讀下面短文寫一篇60詞左右的概要。①M(fèi)ynameisHuaFeiandIamasportingrobotofthe23rdcentu