Unit4Aglimpseofthefuture

UsingLanguageGrammarLearningobjectives1.Toknowsubject-verbagreementonpersonandnumber;2.Tousesubject-verbagreementcorrectly.ObservetherulesActivity1

Lookatthesentencesandanswerthequestions.a

...50percentofmytimewas

spentresearchingnewrestuarants.b

Everyrecommendationshegivesmeis

great…c

…

almost50percentofUSjobsareatriskfromautomationinthenext20years.d…noneofusispreparedforthechallengesofAI.1Whyis50percentsingularinsentence(a)butpluralinsentence(c)?2Whatarethesubjectsinsentences(b)and(d)?Aretheysingularorplural?1Whyis50percentsingularinsentence(a)butpluralinsentence(c)?

Becauseinsentence(a),thepart“50percent”isfollowedbytheuncountablenoun“time”,whileinsentence(c),thepart“50percent”isfollowedbythecountablenoun“job”initspluralform.2Whatarethesubjectsinsentences(b)and(d)?Aretheysingularorplural?

Insentence(b),“Everyrecommendation”isthesubject.

Insentence(d),“noneofus”isthesubject.Botharesingular.Subject-verbagreement定義：主語和謂語在人稱和數等方面的一致

當主語是不定代詞或含有修飾語時，謂語動詞的形式要依據主語所表達的單、復數概念而定，而不僅僅是取決于簡單的外在形式。Subject-verbagreement用法歸納1:當主語被分數（百分數）、表示量的詞匯等修飾時，謂語動詞的形式要依據主語本身進行判斷，具體如下：如果主語是可數名詞復數，或主語加上修飾語后整體表達的是復數概念，那么謂語動詞要用復數形式。如果主語本身是可數名詞單數或者不可數名詞，則謂語動詞要用單數形式；

圖書館里大約三分之一的書都是由這所學校的畢業生捐贈的。Aboutone-thirdofthebooks

inthelibraryaredonatedbystudentswhograduatedfromtheschool.

每年大約有10%的森林被毀。

Around10percentoftheforest

is

destroyedeachyear.

1)Fiftypercentofthestudentsinourschool____girls.2)Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth____sea.3)Oversixtypercentofthecity_____destroyedinthewar.are

iswasPractice用法歸納2：常用的表示“量”的短語后面接名詞的謂語情況。1)anumberof/avarietyof/varietiesof+可數名詞復數作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式。2)alargeamountof+不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數；

largeamountsof+不可數名詞，謂語動詞用復數。Anumberofnewhouseshavebeenbuiltthere.Avarietyofproductsareonsalenow.Alargeamountofmoneywasspentonthebridge.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.用法歸納3：當主語被不定代詞修飾或主語本身是不定代詞時，謂語動詞的形式需要根據主語加上修飾語后整體表達的意義來進行判斷。

所有方法都試過了，卻沒有什么效果。Everymeanshasbeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.

1)Eachboy______aprize.2)Manyofus_____gonethroughregulartraining.3)Everypossibleapproach____beentried,butinvain.4)Bothoftheinstruments____notpreciseones.5)Something___goingtohappen,andnobodycanstopitfromhappening.havehasaregetsis用法歸納4：all

作主語表示人時，謂語動詞用復數；表示物時，謂語動詞用單數.結果好一切都好。Alliswellthatendswell.大家都急于達成一項協議。Allareeagertoreachanagreement.

用法歸納5：none作主語時，謂語動詞既可用單數也可用復數，這要取決于說話人的看法，如：似乎我們全都沒有想到這一點。Noneofusseemtohavethoughtofit.我們都沒有照相機。

Noneofushasgotacamera.(none=notasingleone)

Nobody_______(have)gotaticket.Nothing_______(be)available.Noneofthepizza_______(be)left.Noneofthepassengers__________(be)awareofthedanger.Whenyouusenoneofwithapluralnounorpronoun,orasingularnounreferringtoagroupofpeopleorthings,youcanuseeitherasingularorapluralverb.Forexample,Noneofthetrainsis/are

goingtoLondon.Noneofherfamilyhas/have

beentocollege.hasis/wasis/waswas/were用法歸納6：

當主語被否定詞修飾或主語本身是否定詞時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。如：用法歸納7：句中有兩個或兩個以上的主語時，謂語動詞應和離它最近的主語保持人稱和數的一致，這就是就近一致原則。

（1）連詞連接的并列主語當or,either...

or...,neither...nor...,notonly...

but(also)...,not...

but..等連接并列的主語時，謂語動詞的單復數與鄰近的主語一致。

要么是他要么是你要對這場事故負責。

Eitherheoryouareresponsiblefortheaccident.

不僅是你的父母，我也對你的借口感到惡心。NotonlyyourparentsbutalsoIamsickofyourexcuse.不是職員而是經理抱怨顧客的流失。Notthestaffbutthemanagercomplainsaboutthelossofcustomers.

（2）here/there引起的倒裝句的主語謂語動詞的人稱和數根據主語的人稱和數來確定早班車來了。Herecomestheearlybus.有兩條狗和一只貓與老婦人住在農舍里。Therearetwodogsandacatlivinginthefarmhousewiththeoldwoman.（3）“morethanone+單數名詞”與“manya+單數名詞”做主語，謂語動詞用單數許多目擊者都舉報了他的罪行。Morethanonewitnesshasreportedhiscrime.許多朋友都幫助過我。Manyafriendhasofferedmeahand.用法歸納8：主語后帶介詞短語或其他插入語。如：aswellas（和）,nolessthan（多達）,alongwith（和...一起）,with（和...一起）,like（諸如）,ratherthan(而不是),togetherwith（連同）,but（除...之外）,except（除...之外）,besides（除...之外）,including（包括）,inadditionto（除...之外）,insteadof(而不是)等，謂語動詞根據主語的人稱和數來確定

地球和其他七大行星圍繞太陽轉。Theearth,aswellassevenotherplanets,orbitsthesun.除了你的父母和老師，沒有人會無條件支持你。Noonebutyourparentsandteachersisalwaysonyoursideonanyaccount.Nowadays,somecompaniesoffergenetictestingforchildren’stalents.Alargenumberofclientshave/hasbeenattractedtoit.Theyareparents,eagertoknowwhattalentstheirchildrenmayhaveinthefuture.Theprocessissimple.Everychildprovide/providesasmallsampleofbloodorbodytissue.Thisis/Theseareanalysed.Eachofthechildrenis/aregivenareportshowingtheirpossibletalents.Arecentexamplecitedonthewebsiteisthatoneofthetestingcompaniescompare/comparesthetalentsoftwinsBobbyandBenny.Bobbywasassessedandhistalentswas/wererevealedtobemostlyscientific:a66%chanceofsuccessinchemistryand54%inphysicswas/wereshown.Meanwhile,Benny’shighestscorewas/wereshowntobeinanartssubject:thetestgavehim68%forliterarystudies.Isgenetictestingreliable?Somescientistssaythatmoreevidenceis/areneeded.

Activity2Completethepassagebychoosing