英語[W]一背記單詞◎人類文明1．pyramidn.金字塔2．a(chǎn)stronomyn.天文學(xué)3．canaln.運(yùn)河4．downfalln.衰敗5．ruinn.廢墟6．unchartedadj.地圖上沒有標(biāo)明的7．delvev.探索，探究8．shipwreckn.沉船9．substancen.物質(zhì)10．vesseln.船；艦11．vol(＝volume)n.(書的)卷，冊(cè)◎自然12．buryv.將……埋在下面13．cyclonen.氣旋；旋風(fēng)14．megadroughtn.超級(jí)干旱15．coraln.珊瑚16．millimetren.毫米17．barreleyen.管眼魚18．trenchn.海溝◎其他19．a(chǎn)bandonv.離棄20．dismissv.否定21．getawayn.逃跑22．subduev.克制，抑制(情緒)23．shrinkv.退縮24．upwardsadv.向上，朝上25．stackv.摞起26．furthermoreadv.此外二詞形變化1．civilisev.使開化→civilisedadj.文明的→civilisationn.文明(社會(huì))2．intriguev.激起……的興趣→intriguingadj.非常有趣的→intriguedadj.好奇的3．tropicn.熱帶→tropicaladj.來自熱帶的4．expandv.擴(kuò)大→expansiveadj.廣闊的→expansivelyadv.遼闊地→expansionn.擴(kuò)大5．retreatv.后退→retreatmentn.再處理6．investigatev.調(diào)查→investigationn.調(diào)查→investigatorn.調(diào)查者7．a(chǎn)rchaeologyn.考古學(xué)→archaeologicaladj.考古學(xué)的→archaeologistn.考古學(xué)家8．equivalentadj.等同的→equivalencen.相等9．noten.注釋→notableadj.顯要的→notablyadv.特別10．drillv.鉆孔→drillingn.鉆探1．Heexpandsonthepointthatnomatterhowmuchstrongeritmaybecome,neverwillChinaseekexpansion.(expand)2．Havingabusedhispositionasmayortogivejobstohisfriends,themanisnowunderinvestigation.ThemanbeinginvestigatedisWilliam.(investigate)3．Theyhadbeendrillingoil.Aftermonthsofdrilling,__oilwasfoundoffthecoast.(drill)4．Civilisedcountriesgenerallyhaveancientcivilisationswithalonghistory.(civilise)5．Whereveryouliveintheworld,yourwayoflifeistiedtothetropicsinmanyways.Youcanbecertainthatyouareaffectedbythelossoftropicalforests.(tropic)6．Heisstudyingarchaeologyatcollegenowandhopestobecomeanarchaeologisttoparticipateinsomearchaeologicalprojectsinthefuture.(archaeology)三熟詞生義1.abandon[熟義]v.放棄；中止[生義]v.陷入，沉湎于；離棄，拋棄；逃離2.dismiss[熟義]v.開除；解雇；解散[生義]v.消除，不予考慮，拒絕考慮，否定；駁回3．getaway[熟義]n.(尤指犯罪后的)逃跑，逃走[生義]n.度假；適合度假的地方4．shrink[熟義]v.退縮，畏縮[生義]v.縮小，減少；縮水；回避1．Therearerecentsignsthatthegapcouldbestartingtoshrink.最近有跡象表明，這一差距可能開始縮小。2．Theyabandonthemselvestodrinking.他們沉溺于飲酒。3．Theirpicturesnotonlycapturedtheterritorybutalsotransformeditintoapopulargetaway.他們的照片不僅捕捉到了這片土地，還把它變成了一個(gè)受歡迎的度假勝地。4．Thejusticedismissedhisevidenceoutofhand.法官當(dāng)即駁回了他的證據(jù)。小積累—wordfamiles1.聚焦-tion后綴名詞①civilisation文明(社會(huì))②association聯(lián)系；社團(tuán)③celebration慶祝；慶祝會(huì)④determination決定；決心⑤consideration考慮；關(guān)心⑥expectation預(yù)料；期望⑦adaptation適應(yīng)⑧admiration欽佩；贊賞⑨t(yī)radition傳統(tǒng)2.“拒絕”表達(dá)集錦①dismissv.拒絕考慮，否定②rejectv.拒絕；回絕③denyv.拒絕承認(rèn)；拒絕接受④declinev.謝絕；婉言拒絕⑤refusaln.拒絕；回絕3.巧記合成名詞①falldown→downfall衰敗②breakout→outbreak爆發(fā)③breakdown→breakdown故障；(關(guān)系)破裂④breakthrough→breakthrough突破⑤putout→output產(chǎn)量；輸出⑥gettogether→get-together聚會(huì)一詞表短語1．fall__into__ruin(因無人照料而)衰落，敗落2．make__a__getaway逃跑，逃走3．run__for__one's__life逃命4．check__out調(diào)查，檢查5．test__the__waters試水，試探6．steer__clear__of避開……；從……處脫身7．the__unknown不為人知的地方，人類尚未到達(dá)的地方8．set__out動(dòng)身踏上(漫長(zhǎng)的)旅途9．throw__oneself__into積極投入到……中去10．think__twice再三考慮，慎重考慮11．shrink__from避免做，不愿做12．look__into調(diào)查(問題)選用上面的短語填空1．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheck__outapopulardestination'slesser-knownsights?2．(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)ThisiswhyCampbellhasset__outtoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow—severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.3．Itisalifeanddeathdecisionforhim,sohemustthink__twice.4．Ithinkalotofpeople,womeninparticular,steer__clear__ofthesesensitiveissues.5．Alargenumberofbuildingsfell__into__ruinaftertheearthquake.6．Spaceexplorationisofgreatsignificance,whichprovidesaplatformforustolook__intotheoriginoftheuniverse.二寫作詞塊1．correspond__to與……相符2．be__based__on基于，以……為基礎(chǔ)3．be__surrounded__by被……包圍4．be__accurate__to精確到5．on__top__of除……之外6．a(chǎn)ll__the__more更加7．a(chǎn)t__sth's__peak在……的巔峰8．a(chǎn)__combination__of__several__different__factors幾個(gè)不同因素的結(jié)合9．the__downfall__of__the__cities城市的衰敗10．offer__a__window__into__...提供了解……的窗口11．a(chǎn)t__the__rate__of以……速度；以……比率12．beyond__the__reach__of__...超出……的范圍1．(教材P67)除此之外，還有一項(xiàng)當(dāng)時(shí)美洲獨(dú)有的成就：一個(gè)真正的文字系統(tǒng)。(介詞短語位于句首引起的倒裝)On__top__of__all__this__was__an__achievement__unique__in__the__Americas__at__that__time:__a__true__writing__system.2．(教材P67)瑪雅社會(huì)的科技水平十分原始，這一事實(shí)使得瑪雅的種種成就更加令人難以置信、神秘莫測(cè)。(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句)The__fact__that__Maya__society__was__technologically__primitive__makes__its__achievements__all__the__more__incredible__and__mysterious.3．(教材P74)基于我們有限的認(rèn)知，探索海洋可以帶來許多科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，這也許就顯得不足為奇了。(Itisnosurprisethat...)Given__our__limited__knowledge,__it__is__perhaps__no__surprise__that__exploration__of__the__oceans__continues__to__lead__to__discoveries__in__various__scientific__fields.自主檢測(cè)一、重點(diǎn)單詞1．drillingn.鉆探2．intriguev.激起……的興趣3．tropicn.熱帶→tropicaladj.來自熱帶的4．investigatev.調(diào)查→investigationn.調(diào)查→investigatorn.調(diào)查者5．equivalentadj.等同的→equivalencen.相等6．retreatv.后退→retreatmentn.再處理7．noten.注釋→notableadj.顯要的→notablyadv.特別8．expandv.擴(kuò)大→expansiveadj.廣闊的→expansivelyadv.遼闊地→expansionn.擴(kuò)大9．civilisev.使開化→civilisedadj.文明的→civilisationn.文明(社會(huì))10．a(chǎn)rchaeologyn.考古學(xué)→archaeologicaladj.考古學(xué)的；考古的→archaeologistn.考古學(xué)家拔高詞匯—高分必備1.vacant/'veIk?nt/adj.空的；空缺的2．comb/k??m/v.梳，梳理3．painstaking/'peInzteIkI?/adj.辛苦的；需要專注的4．trait/treIt/n.特性；特征5.hop/h?p/v.單腳跳行；齊足(或雙足)跳行6．empathy/'emp?θi/n.同感；共情；共鳴7．reel/ri?l/v.蹣跚，踉蹌8．doom/du?m/n.厄運(yùn)，劫數(shù)二、重點(diǎn)語塊Theabandonedfactory,fallen__into__ruin(衰落),wasaforbiddenzone.Localssteered__clear__of(避開)it,butacuriousteenagerset__out(開始)toexplore.Checking__out(檢查)theentrance,hehesitated,thinking__twice(慎重考慮)aboutthedanger.Yet,hethrew__himself__into(積極投入到……中去)theadventure,testing__the__waters(試探)oftheunknown.Ashelooked__into(朝……里面看)thedarkness,hedidn'tshrink__from(避免做)thechallenge,instead,hewaspreparedtomake__a__getaway(逃跑),readytorun__for__his__life(逃命)ifneeded.三、重點(diǎn)句式1．窗邊坐著一位優(yōu)雅的女士。(介詞短語位于句首引起的倒裝)By__the__window__satanelegantwoman.2．鑒于旅游的所有這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)，旅游在中國(guó)越來越受歡迎也就不足為奇了。(Itisnosurprisethat...)Withalltheseadvantagesoftravel,it__is__no__surprise__thattravelhasnowbecomemoreandmorepopularinChina.四、寫作佳句1．【教材P68】曾經(jīng)恢宏的城市淪為廢墟，留下各種謎團(tuán)等待后人解開。Its__once-great__cities__fell__into__ruin,__leaving__various__mysteries__for__later__people__to__solve.2．【教材P71】當(dāng)然，探索并不意味著盲目地將自己置身于未知之中，三思而后行永遠(yuǎn)沒有錯(cuò)。Of__course,__exploration__doesn't__have__to__mean__blindly__throwing__ourselves__into__the__unknown,__and__it's__never__wrong__to__think__twice__before__taking__action.3．【教材P71】雖然我們沒有必要對(duì)新情況退縮，但我們應(yīng)該先了解清楚情況，再考慮我們的選擇。While__there__is__no__need__for__us__to__shrink__from__new__situations,__we__should__always__look__into__things__first__and__consider__our__options.4．【教材P76】人類正走向海洋發(fā)現(xiàn)的新時(shí)代，或許有朝一日，我們會(huì)像熟悉腳下的土地一樣熟悉那海浪下的世界。Humankind__is__entering__a__new__age__of__oceanic__discovery,__and__the__world__beneath__the__waves__may__one__day__be__almost__as__familiar__to__us__as__the__land__we__walk__upon__today.硬核考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1buryv.將……埋在下面；埋葬，安葬；埋藏；覆蓋；遮蓋；使陷入；埋頭于，專心于buryoneselfin埋頭于；專心于buryone'sfaceinone'shands雙手掩面beburiedin埋頭于；專心于【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】表示“專心于；致力于”的短語還有：①bedevotedto;②belostin;③beengagedin;④beabsorbedin;⑤focus/concentrateon。1．Having__been__buried(bury)inhisresearchforseveraldays,hecouldsparenotimetohisownchild.2．Withsomanypeopleburied(bury)undertheruins,noneoftherescueworkerswouldstoptohavearest.3．因?yàn)樗耦^于書本，所以不知道外面下雨了。Becauseheburied__himself__inhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.＝Becausehewas__buried__inhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.＝Burying__himself__inhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)＝Buried__inhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.(過去分詞短語作狀語)4．他雙手捂著臉一走進(jìn)房間，我就知道他沒有成功。(寫作佳句)Theinstantheenteredtheroomwith__his__face__buried__in__his__hands,__Iknewthathehadnotbeensuccessful.考點(diǎn)2ruinn.(常用復(fù)數(shù))[C]殘?jiān)珨啾冢瑥U墟[U]毀滅，毀壞；破產(chǎn)vt.破壞，毀壞；成為廢墟；使破產(chǎn)，毀滅inruins嚴(yán)重受損，破敗不堪fallintoruin衰落，敗落bereducedtoruins淪為廢墟ruinoneself毀掉自己；自取滅亡ruinone'shealth/fame/future毀壞某人的健康/名譽(yù)/前途1.Withtimegoingon,thecastlewhichoncewasverybeautifulisnowcompletelyinruins.2．Theonce-thrivingtownwasreducedtoruinsbythewar.3．Shewentthroughaperiodinemotionaladjustmentafterhercompanyfellintoruinandshefinallydecidedtofindanewjob.4．地震之后，整個(gè)城市成了一片廢墟，這讓我們徹夜未眠。Thewholecitylay__in__ruins__after__the__earthquakewhichmadeusawakeallnight.5．那時(shí)，我妻子的憂慮正在損害著她的健康。At__that__time__my__wife__was__ruining__her__health__through__worry.考點(diǎn)3abandonv.離棄，逃離；沉湎于n.放任；放縱abandononeselfto...＝beabandonedto...(to為介詞)沉湎于……；縱情于……abandondoingsth放棄做某事withabandon放縱地；盡情地【聯(lián)想發(fā)散】表示“沉湎于”的短語還有：①beaddictedto；②beobsessedwith。1．Iwillneverabandonreaching(reach)thetopofthe“mountain”becauseIwanttobesuccessfulinlife.2．However,lastmonth,theseplanswere__abandoned(abandon)becauseoffinancialproblems.3．Thefanscheeredwithabandonwhentheirfootballteamwon.4．她似乎完全沉湎于自己的思緒中，對(duì)周圍的一切都置之不理。Sheseemstobe__abandoned/abandon__herself__to__her__thoughts,__ignoringeverythingaroundher.5．我們應(yīng)該摒棄那些對(duì)我們健康有害的壞習(xí)慣，如吸煙、喝酒等。(寫作佳句)We__should__abandon__those__bad__habitsthatareharmfultoourhealth,suchassmokinganddrinking.考點(diǎn)4dismissv.拒絕考慮，否定；對(duì)……不屑一提；解雇；去除，摒除，消除；讓(某人)離開；解散dismisssb/sth(as...)(認(rèn)為……而)對(duì)某人或某物不予理會(huì)/不屑一提dismisssbfrom...把某人從……解雇/開除dismisssbfor...因……解雇某人1.Hisplanwasdismissedasuseless,leavinghimfrustratedanddiscouraged.2．Employeescanbedismissedforrevealingtradesecrets.3．Sheclaimsshewasunfairlydismissedfromherpost.4．在炙熱的太陽光下，我把來接我的車打發(fā)走，徒步走完了最后一英里路程。Inthehotsun,Idismissed__the__car__that__came__to__pick__me__upandwalkedthelastmile.【北師版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)寫作佳句】Althoughitisnotunusualforspeciestodieoutnaturally,therateatwhichthisisnowhappeningiscauseforconcern.雖然物種的自然滅絕并不罕見，但現(xiàn)在滅絕的速度讓人擔(dān)憂。考點(diǎn)5equivalentadj.等同的；等值的；相當(dāng)?shù)膎.相等的東西；等量；對(duì)應(yīng)的人(或事物)beequivalentto等同于；相當(dāng)于beequivalentin在……方面等同theequivalentof/tosth等同于某物；相當(dāng)于某物1.Itisanticipatedthattheequivalentof/to192full-timejobswillbelost.2．It'simportanttostressthatthisqualificationisnotequivalenttoadegree.3．經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步與社會(huì)福利之間絕非簡(jiǎn)單等同。There__is__no__straightforward__equivalencebetweeneconomicprogressandsocialwell-being.考點(diǎn)6checkout調(diào)查，檢查；查看；結(jié)賬離開；(從圖書館)借出(書)checkin(在機(jī)場(chǎng)、旅館等)登記，報(bào)到checkinto登記入住(旅館/私立醫(yī)院)checkon檢查；核實(shí)1.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)TheytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandtovisitingChinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.2．Iwenttothelibrarytodayandcheckedoutacoupleofbooksonprogramming.3．TheyarrivedinBeijingatmidnightandcheckedinto/inBeijingHotel.考點(diǎn)7throwoneselfinto積極投入到……中去throwin奉送；額外贈(zèng)送throwaway扔掉，丟棄，拋棄；失去，浪費(fèi)throwaside扔到一邊；拒絕接受(某種看法、生活方式等)throwsbalook/glance/smile朝某人看了看/瞥了一眼/笑了笑1.Hequicklythrewhistoolsaside,__andstartedrunning,armsout.2．Ifyoubuyarefrigerator,wewillthrowinamicrowaveoven.3．他朝安娜看了一眼，什么也沒說就離開了。Hethrew__Anna__a__look__and__left__without__saying__anything．4．我準(zhǔn)備投入到志愿者活動(dòng)中去，希望幫助更多的貧困兒童。(寫作佳句)I__am__preparing__to__throw__myself__into__volunteer__activities,__hopingtohelpmorepoorchildren.考點(diǎn)8that引導(dǎo)同位語從句that可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，無意義。引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時(shí)，通常不能省略；引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that通常可以省略(第二個(gè)及之后的that不可省略)。that可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代人或物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。that在從句中充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)，通常可以省略。1.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)ThegardenalsocontainsawindingpaththatguidesvisitorsthroughthetwelveregionsoftheSilkRoad.2．Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresent.3．TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespeciesthatlivewithintheGiantPandaRange.4．天氣一轉(zhuǎn)暖，我毫不懷疑這只小黑犀牛每天都會(huì)外出探險(xiǎn)和玩耍。Assoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihave__no__doubt__thatthelittleblackrhinowillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.【人教版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)寫作佳句】Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.我們需要了解我們的星球正在發(fā)生什么，這樣我們才能采取行動(dòng)。強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一、單句語法填空1．Oneofthemostnotable(note)featuresofChinesepoetryisitsuseofimageryandsymbolism.2．AsfarasIamconcerned,themostpressingissuefacingwildlifetodayishabitatlossduetohumanexpansion(expand)．3．Hewasdismissedfromthecompanyintheabsenceoftheproofofhisinnocence.4．Itisnowonderthatthewholebuildingsisnowinruins(ruin);itcaughtafirelastnight.5．Thegirlsjumpedupanddownandwavedtheirarmswithabandon.6．However,manypeoplearguethatinformationexplosionisnottheequivalentof/toknowledgeexplosion.7．Youngpeoplearenotthrowingawaytraditions,butcelebratingthefestivalinnewandinnovativeways.8．Buried(bury)indoingresearchonwildplants,heseldomreturnedhome.9．Themeaningofstudyinghistoryliesinprotectingcivilisation(civilise),cultureandtraditionsandpassingthemontotheyoungergeneration.10．Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.二、熟詞生義1．Weshoulddismissthethoughtofrevenge.打消2．Inthefaceofadversity,hedidn'tshrinkfromthechallenge.退縮3．Thebabyhadbeenabandonedbyitsmother.拋棄4．Hisdreamgetawayisatropicalislandwithwhitesandybeaches.度假勝地三、構(gòu)詞法詞綴含義例詞-ical表示……的，屬于……的，有……性質(zhì)的，具有……的archaeological,__political,skeptical,technical,typical,economical,technological,practical寫出下列黑體詞的含義1．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Likeintypicalfamilies,whereboyswerefavouredmuchmorethangirls,mygrandmahadtostayathometodohousework.典型的2．(2024·北京高考)WithlifeintheunforgivingNorthernCanadabeingsodemanding,theInuit'spracticalapproachtomoralitymadegoodsense.切實(shí)有效的3．(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.專業(yè)的4．Tobeginwith,talkaboutChina'seconomicgrowthandtechnologicaladvancements,whicharethehighlightsinthepastfewdecades.技術(shù)的5．Today,Chinahasdramaticallyincreaseditsinputintoculturalheritageprotection,andarchaeologicalprotectiontechnologiesareimproving.考古學(xué)的6．ThereisnodenyingthatChinaisplayinganimportantroleontheinternationalpoliticalstage.政治的四、補(bǔ)全句子1．在恐懼的包圍下，詹姆斯陷入了絕望。Surroundedbyfear,Jameabandoned__himself__to__despair．2．我喜歡提前查看路線，這樣我就不會(huì)在開車去面試的路上遇到任何意外。Iliketocheck__out__the__route__in__advancesothatIdon'trunintoanysurpriseswhenI'mdrivingtomyinterview.3．那些年輕的姑娘在大學(xué)里積極地投入到學(xué)習(xí)中。Thoseyoungladiesthrew__themselves__into__studywhentheywereinuniversity.4．許多古老的寺廟隨著時(shí)間的流逝已經(jīng)敗落，它們?cè)?jīng)的輝煌現(xiàn)在只存在于記憶中。Manyancienttempleshave__fallen__into__ruin__over__time,__theirgrandeurnowonlyamemory.5．這位藝術(shù)家埋頭于他的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作，忘記了時(shí)間和周圍的環(huán)境。The__artist__buried__himself__in__his__artwork,__losingtrackoftimeandsurroundings.6．人們?cè)J(rèn)為地球是宇宙的中心。Peopleusedtoholdthebeliefthat__the__earth__was__the__center__of__the__universe．五、長(zhǎng)難句分析(2024·浙江高考1月)We'renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.句意：誘惑我們的不是甜食，而是我們的電腦、手機(jī)和平板電腦——所有這些將我們與全球各種信息傳遞系統(tǒng)連接起來的設(shè)備，它們對(duì)我們的作用就像棉花糖對(duì)學(xué)齡前兒童的作用一樣。分析：句子主干是We're__not__tempted__(誘惑)__by__sugary__treats,__but__by__our__computers,__phones,__and__tablets；第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞devices；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞various__types__of__information。讀寫用—素養(yǎng)提升一、加強(qiáng)語言運(yùn)用——明晰考向以閱讀促運(yùn)用(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)WhenJimGrantspottedblacksmokecomingoutofabuildingonhiswaytowork,he__41__hiscartocall911.Thenhe__42__aU-turn,circlingbacktotakeanotherlook.Pullinguptothebuilding,Grantsawflames(火焰)shootingoutofasecond-floorwindow.Notseeingorhearinganyfireengines__43__，Grantrushedtoaside__44__andranupthestairs.Onthesecondfloor,he__45__everyapartmentdoor.“Getout！”Grantshouted.Noone__46__andheassumedthatpeoplehadalready__47__.Reachingtheendofthehallway,though,Grant__48__ahalf-opendoor.Hekickeditwideopen,findinga__49__womaninawheelchairwithalittleboyandatinybaby.“Let's__50__！”hescreamed.Thewomanlookedathiminconfusionandsaidsomethingaboutchangingherclothes.Grantdidn'twait,clutching(抓牢)thebabytohischestand__51__theboyalongside,Grantrandownthehallway.Whenhewas__52__outside,theonly__53__insightwasapoliceman.Granttoldhimaboutthe__54__andtheyrushedintothesmokybuilding.Thankstothem,afamilywassavedfromthefire.Grantandthepolicemanwerehonoredfortheir__55__．篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了主人公Grant(格蘭特)見義勇為的故事。41．A.drove B．stoppedC．reached D．a(chǎn)bandoned答案：B解析：根據(jù)上文“blacksmokecomingoutofabuilding”可知，大樓著火了，所以他停下車去撥打911報(bào)警。故選B。42．A.saw B．madeC．missed D．crossed答案：B解析：makeaU-turn意為“掉頭”，為固定搭配。故選B。43．A.burning B．leavingC．a(chǎn)pproaching D．waiting答案：C解析：火焰已經(jīng)從二樓噴出來，并且Grant跑上樓梯去救火，由此可以推測(cè)消防車還沒來，此處approach表示“接近”，符合題意。故選C。44．A.entrance B．roadC．building D．window答案：A解析：二樓窗戶噴火并且消防車沒來，Grant為了救火沖到了側(cè)門，sideentrance“側(cè)門”，符合題意。故選A。45．A.locked B．kickedC．counted D．repaired答案：B解析：根據(jù)上文可知，大樓著火了。Grant沖上樓去救火，所以踢門符合當(dāng)時(shí)救人心切的情境。故選B。46．A.agreed B．caredC．responded D．understood答案：C解析：Grant踢門詢問里面是否有人，再結(jié)合后面他認(rèn)為人已經(jīng)逃走了可推知，此處表示沒有人回應(yīng)他。故選C。47．A.arrived B．returnedC．hidden D．escaped答案：D解析：Grant踢門但沒有人回應(yīng)，所以他以為人們已經(jīng)逃走，escape“逃走”，符合題意。故選D。48．A.skipped B．closedC．noticed D．remembered答案：C解析：Grant以為人們都逃走了，并且Grant是來救人的，所以Grant注意到一扇半開的門。故選C。49．A.frightened B．curiousC．patient D．grateful答案：A解析：frightened害怕的；curious好奇的；patient有耐心的；grateful感激的。根據(jù)下文中的“Thewomanlookedathiminconfusion”可知，該女士有些茫然，結(jié)合語境可排除B、C、D三項(xiàng)，大樓發(fā)生了火災(zāi)，所以女士是害怕的。故選A。50．A.turnback B．goupC．getout D．liedown答案：C解析：turnback返回；goup上升；getout出去；liedown躺下。Grant找到了被困人員，所以要帶他們出去。故選C。51．A.following B．draggingC．examining D．passing答案：B解析：follow跟隨；drag拖拉；拖著(腳或腿)走；examine測(cè)試；pass通過。根據(jù)語境可知，Grant一手抓牢嬰兒，一手拽著小男孩沿著走廊跑去。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可排除A、C、D三項(xiàng)。故選B。52．A.safely B．secretlyC．suddenly D．previously答案：A解析：safely安全地；secretly秘密地；suddenly突然地；previously以前地。Grant把被困人員救了出來，此處表示安全地到達(dá)外面。故選A。53．A.witness B．guideC．service D．help答案：D解析：witness目擊者；guide指南；service服務(wù)；help幫助。警察是提供幫助的。故選D。54．A.woman B．doorC．car D．baby答案：A解析：Grant把嬰兒和小男孩救出來了，那位女士還沒有出來，所以他告訴警察那位女士還在里面。故選A。55．A.wisdom B．generosityC．honesty D．courage答案：D解析：wisdom智慧；generosity慷慨；honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)；courage勇氣。警察和Grant沖進(jìn)大火里救了這一家人，是非常有勇氣的，所以因他們的勇氣而受到表彰。故選D。根據(jù)排除法確定答案1．排除法是一種有效的策略，特別是在時(shí)間緊迫或選項(xiàng)難以抉擇時(shí)，它能幫助快速縮小選擇范圍，提高解題效率。2．當(dāng)不確定正確答案時(shí)，可以先排除明顯不符合語境或語法規(guī)則的選項(xiàng)，再?gòu)闹羞x擇最符合文章意義的詞匯。二、讀后續(xù)寫——必備微技能高品素材修辭1．比喻：利用事物相似之處用熟知的、淺顯的、具體的事物去說明或描寫生疏的、深?yuàn)W的、抽象的事物。常用喻詞有l(wèi)ike,as...as,asif,be動(dòng)詞等。(1)Herlaughterwaslikeawarmblanket.她的笑聲像毛毯一樣溫暖。(2)Herskinwasassmoothassilk.她的皮膚像絲綢一樣光滑。(3)Lifeisanunexploredriver,fulloftwistsandturns.生活就像一條未被涉足的河流，充滿曲折。2．?dāng)M人：把事物人格化，將本來不具備人的動(dòng)作和感情的事物變成和人一樣具有動(dòng)作和感情的樣子。(1)Theflowersnoddedinthebreeze.花兒在微風(fēng)中點(diǎn)頭。(2)Theroseinthegardengavemeasmileofvictory.花園中的玫瑰給了我一個(gè)勝利的微笑。(3)Immediately,anabsolutedarknessruledtheforest.頃刻間，黑暗統(tǒng)治了森林。(4)Fearseized/swallowedhim.恐懼吞噬了他。3．夸張：為了表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的思想感情，突出事物的形象、特征、作用、程度等，運(yùn)用豐富的想象力，對(duì)事物的某些方面著意夸大或縮小的修辭手法。(1)Shealmostdiedlaughing.她差點(diǎn)笑死了。(2)Hewassotallthathisheadtouchedtheclouds.他太高了，頭都快頂?shù)皆撇柿恕?3)Hearingthenews,shefoundscoresofarrowswerepiercingherchest.聽到這個(gè)消息，她感到萬劍穿心。(4)Myheartbrokeintoaboutamillionpieces.我的心都碎了。4．排比：利用意義相關(guān)或相近，結(jié)構(gòu)(主、謂、賓、狀等)相同或相似和語氣相同的詞組或句子并排(三句或三句以上)，段落并排(兩段即可),達(dá)到一種加強(qiáng)語勢(shì)的效果。(1)Motherwasverybusygatheringthelaundry,dustingthefurnitureandwashingthedishes.母親正忙著收拾要洗的衣服，撣去家具上的灰塵，洗碗。(2)Whetherinclass,atwork,orathome,Jameswasalwaysbusy.無論是在課堂上，在工作中，還是在家里，詹姆斯總是忙碌的。(3)Don'tmakepromisewhenyouareinjoy.Don'treplywhenyouaresad.Don'ttakedecisionwhenyouareangry.Thinktwiceandactwise.別在喜悅的時(shí)候許下承諾；別在悲傷的時(shí)候做出回答；別在憤怒的時(shí)候作出決定。三思而后行。做出睿智的行為。(4)Painmakesyoustronger,tearsmakeyoubraver,heartbreakmakesyouwiser,sothankthepastforabetterfuture.痛苦，會(huì)讓你更強(qiáng)大；眼淚，會(huì)讓你更勇敢；心碎，會(huì)讓你更睿智，所以為了更好的未來感謝過去吧。高效課時(shí)作業(yè)Ⅰ.閱讀A(2025·四川省綿陽市高三一診)CoveringhugelandsofChileandArgentinaintheSouthernHemisphere,Patagoniaisheavenforfansofoutdooradventures.ElCalafate,ArgentinaEveryday,groupsofbusesdepartElCalafateforthePeritoMorenoglacier—anaccessibleicysight,andoneoftheworld'sfewadvancingglaciers.Aseriesofboardwalksleadtovariousviewpointsthatallowyoutobeamazedatthisshining,blue-whitewallofice.Futaleufú，ChileImagineit:youandtherestoftheraftingcrewarewaitingforthesignalfromtheraftingguidetorowlikeyourlifedependsonit.Hugeriverwavesarehittingtheboatandwhite-watersprayshowersyouheadtofoot.YouwipethewateroutofyoureyesandenjoythesunshinewhenpeopleintheNorthernHemispheresufferfromthefreezingcold,andtherearenumerousguesthouseswhereyoucanbaseyourself.CuevadelasManos,ArgentinaInahiddencanyon,reachablebytouroryourownwheels,aboardwalkleadsyoupastavastoverhangingrockface,decoratedwithancientrockart.ThisUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteisoneofthemostfamousrockartsitesinSouthAmerica,withover800outlinesofhumanhandsandfeetofwildlife.PuntaTombo,ArgentinaYousmellthepenguinsbeforeyouseethem.ThepresenceofnearlyamillionMagellanicpenguins—somehidingunderground,somegoingfishinginthesea,othersstandingaround—hasapowerfuleffectonyoursenses.Thelong,narrowpeninsulaalsoattractsgulls,flightlesssteamerducks,andblackoystercatchers.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了位于南半球巴塔哥尼亞的四個(gè)戶外探險(xiǎn)圣地。1．WhatcanyoudoinElCalafate,Argentina?A．Carveicywalls. B．Admireglaciers.C．Enjoybustours. D．Decorateboardwalks.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ElCalafate,Argentina部分中的“Aseriesofboardwalks...blue-whitewallofice.(一系列木板路通向不同的觀賞點(diǎn)，讓你驚嘆于這閃閃發(fā)光的藍(lán)白色冰墻。)”可知，在ElCalafate可以欣賞冰川。故選B。2．Inwhichmonthcanyoutakeonthewhite-waterraftingtrips?A．January. B．May.C．August. D．October.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Futaleufú，Chile部分中的“Hugeriverwavesarehittingtheboat...whereyoucanbaseyourself.”可知，當(dāng)北半球的人們飽受嚴(yán)寒之苦時(shí)，你可以在Futaleufú享受陽光，進(jìn)行漂流。結(jié)合常識(shí)可推知，“白水漂流之旅”應(yīng)該在南半球的夏季進(jìn)行，即12月到2月之間。故選A。3．Whereshouldyougoifyouareinterestedinobservinglivewildlife?A．Futaleufú，Chile.B．ElCalafate,Argentina.C．PuntaTombo,Argentina.D．CuevadelasManos,Argentina.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PuntaTombo,Argentina部分中的“Thepresenceofnearlyamillion...andblackoystercatchers.(近百萬只麥哲倫企鵝——有的躲藏在地下，有的在海里捕魚，還有的只是站在那里——會(huì)給你的感官帶來強(qiáng)烈的震撼。這個(gè)狹長(zhǎng)半島還吸引著海鷗、無法飛翔的潛鴨和黑蠣鷸。)”可知，如果你對(duì)觀察野生生物感興趣，你應(yīng)該去阿根廷的PuntaTombo。故選C。B(2025·河南省駐馬店市高三期末)Onlyafewadventurousindividualssailedtheseas,drovewagons,orrodehorses,andthemajorityofpeoplethroughouthumanhistoryhavereliedontheirowntwofeetfortransportation,movingonestepatatime.Perhapsthat'swhyretiredTheWallStreetJournalreporterandcancersurvivorNeilKingdecidedtotakeajourneytoexploreasmallpartofAmerica'srichhistory,seekingtorediscoveritsroots.“Iwasofftodosomethingthatwasverypureandbasic，”Neilsaid,“justtonoticethingsandimmersemyselfinawalkthroughonespringthathadkindofcleansedmyeyesinsomeways,ormyspirit.”ItseemedappropriatetostartthejourneyintoAmerica'spastinWashington,D．C.“Thisisthefrontyard,thenation'sfrontyard，”Neilsaid.“Itjustseemedliketheperfectplacetostartthiswalk.”ThenNeilcrossedtheMason-DixonLine,whichrunsthroughthemiddleofa19th-centuryfarm.InYork,hewalkedthroughacemetery(公墓),wheresomevolunteerswerecleaningupandhonoringunsungheroes.InPennsylvania,hestoppedforanafternoontosocializewithsomelocals.“Ontheroad,ImetsomanygreatpeoplethatIalmostfeltwereputtherebysomehigherpowertointeractwithme，”Neilsaid.“Andindeed,arewenottheoffspring(后代)ofapowergreaterthanourselves,thepowerofcommunity？”Meanwhile,thehealthbenefitsofwalkingareobvious:increasedcardiocapacity,deeperbreathingthatenergizesthelung,andpowertoalmosteverymuscleinthebody.Onanotherlevel,movingthroughthesmalldetailsoflivesintertwinedwithhistoryandemotiongiveshimasenseofwhatwecanaccomplish.Neilsaid,“Finally,Ithinkthewalk,despiteallthegloomythoughtsthatcanarisefromvariousepisodesinourhistoryandpast,unexpectedlyfilledmewithamoreconstructiveexpectationforwhat'stocome.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了NeilKing(尼爾·金)決定通過步行探索美國(guó)，感受社區(qū)力量以及獲得健康益處和積極人生態(tài)度的故事。4．WhydidNeilchoosewalkingashistravellingmode?A．Hetriedhisbesttofigureoutthemeaningoflife.B．Hewantedtodrawmuchmoreattentionfromothers.C．Hefollowedthemostcommonpracticetoimprovehimself.D．HehopedtohavethechancetopromoteAmericanhistory.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容和第五段中的“Meanwhile,thehealthbenefitsofwalking...inthebody.”可知，在人類歷史上，大多數(shù)人依靠步行旅行，Neil選擇步行作為他的旅行方式，是遵循了最常見的做法。同時(shí)，步行也能給個(gè)體的健康帶來好處，也是提升自己的機(jī)會(huì)。故選C。5．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Neil'swalkingexperiences.B．Neil'sknowledgeofhistory.C．ThefamousattractionsintheUSA.D．TheuniquenessofWashington,D．C.答案：A解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述了Neil在華盛頓特區(qū)開始旅程，穿越了梅森-迪克遜線，在約克穿過公墓，在賓夕法尼亞州停下來和當(dāng)?shù)厝私涣鳎訬eil的步行經(jīng)歷是本段的主要內(nèi)容。故選A。6．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“intertwined”inParagraph5?A．satisfied B．connectedC．familiar D．busy答案：B解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThenNeilcrossedtheMason-DixonLine...withsomelocals.”可知，在Neil的旅行中，他會(huì)接觸到各種與歷史和情感相互關(guān)聯(lián)的生活細(xì)節(jié)。畫線詞所在句中的“intertwinedwithhistoryandemotion”作后置定語，修飾名詞詞組smalldetailsoflives，畫線詞意為“交織，緊密相聯(lián)”，與connected意思相近。故選B。7．HowdidNeilfeelintheend?A．Shocked. B．Tired.C．Optimistic.