Unit2MoralsandVirtues能力提升素養(yǎng)練習Ⅰ.閱讀理解AGrowingupinanunderdevelopedzoneofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica,MusaMothasayshissurroundingsweren'texactlyideal.Soccerwashisfavoritesport,andhefondlyremembersthetimesheplayedforthelocalyouthteam.Butwhenhewas10yearsold,heinjuredhisleftleg.Thischangedeverything.Abonemarrowbiopsy(骨髓活檢)revealedMothahadosteosarcoma,atypeofbonecancer,inhisleftleg.Whilehissoccerinjurywasnotthecause,itdiddrawattentiontothealready-presentcancer.Hechosetheamputation(截肢)anddecidedhewasgoingtoapproachlifedifferently—morepositively.Truetohisword,Motha,now26,canbeseentwirling(轉動)acrossstagesaroundtheworld.Hefirstencountereddanceataneighborhoodparty,whereheaskedafriendtoteachhimsomemodifiedmoves.“ThenIdancedthewholenight，”herecalled.Histalentsdidnotgounnoticed;hebeganappearinginSouthAfricanTVadsandshows.HeevenappearedinDrake'sOneDancemusicvideo.Mothathinksthatrepresentationneedstoextendbeyondtheperformingarts.“Themorewecanseethedisabledpersoninmultipleaspectsoflife,suchashelicopterpilots,engineers,chefs,choreographersandprofessors,thegreaterhopewecanholdontoforasocietywherenooneisonthemargins，”hesaid.That'sMotha'sdreamaswell.Thoughhesaidthatdancegavehim“apurpose”，headded,“Idon'twanttoseemyselfasadanceronly.”Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.Hefeelsthatgreaterrepresentationwillcreatemoreopportunitiesandinclusions,pavingthewayforpeoplewithdisabilitiestoshine.“Insteadoftellingasobstory,Ifindthatthemostbeautifulstoriesareaftertheamputation，”Mothasaid.Heencouragesotherswithdisabilitiesthatthey,too,candoeverything：“There'reawholelotofthingsthatyoucanovercomeandthatactuallydefinehowstrongyouare.”1．WhatcausedthediscoveryofMotha'scancer?A．Theterriblelivingenvironment.B．Theroutinemedicalexamination.C．Theaccidentalinjurytohisleftleg.D．Theamputationofhisleftleg.2．WhydoesMotharefusetoseehimselfasadanceronly?A．Toindicatethatdanceisnolongerhisfavorite.B．Toinspirethedisabledtogobeyondthemselves.C．Tostresshehasn'tgoneoutsidehiscomfortzone.D．Toshowoffhistalentsinmoreaspectsofhislife.3．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4probablymean?A．Everyonecanmakeadifference.B．Mostofourdreamshavecometrue.C．Notalldisabledpeopleareinfluential.D．Nodisabledpeoplehavebeenprejudiced.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMotha?A．Braveandhumorous.B．Friendlyandsociable.C．Humbleandcreative.D．Optimisticandambitious.BBeingcomparedtogreatpeoplelikeStephenHawkingandAlbertEinsteinisnotsomethingthathappenstotheaverageperson.Attheageofjust23,SabrinaGonzalezPasterskihasalreadyachievedmuchmoregoalsthanmostofuseverwillinourlifetime.Whenshewasonly14yearsold,theChicagogirlmadeherownsingleengineairplane—byherself.ShethenflewitacrossLakeMichigan,becomingtheyoungestpersontoeverflyherownplane.ShegraduatedfromIllinoisMathematicsandScienceAcademy(IMSA)in2010andenteredMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)．Atfirst,shehadtowaittobeacceptedintotheschool,butonceProfessorsAllenHaggertyandEarllMurmanwatchedhervideotheyhadnodoubt.FemalistaquotedHaggertyassaying:AfterjustthreeyearsatMITshehasalreadyachievedthehighestpossiblegradepointaverageof5.0.SheisnowstudyingfurtheratHarvardUniversity,withfullacademicfreedom.Onceagainsheisonly23yearsold.What'sevenmoreimpressiveisthatsheisnolongerinterestedinbuildingplanesbuthasturnedherattentiontophysics,namelyblackholesandhowgravity(重力)affectsspaceandtime—thatiswhysheisbeingcomparedtoEinsteinandHawking.PasterskirecordsallofherworkonherwebsitePhysicsGirl,butifyouarealittleshockedbyherachievements,shehassomewordsforyou.DuringaninterviewwithMarieClaireearlierthisyearshesaid,“Beingoptimisticaboutwhatyoubelieveyoucando.Whenyou'relittle,yousayalotofthingsaboutwhatyou'lldoorbewhenyou'reolder—Ithinkit'simportantnottoforgetthosedreams.”5．WhydoestheauthormentionEinsteinandHawkingatthebeginning?A．Tohonourthetwoscientists.B．Tocomparethetwoscientists.C．Tobringoutthekeycharacter.D．Tointroducetheirachievements.6．WhatcanweinferfromHaggerty'swords?A．Pasterskihadtowaitthreemonths.B．HethoughthighlyofPasterski.C．HehadsomedoubtaboutPasterski.D．Pasterskihadaveragegradesatcollege.7．WhatisevenmoreimpressiveaboutPasterski?A．ShehasfullacademicfreedomatHarvard.B．Sherecordsallofherworkonherwebsite.C．Shebecomestheyoungestpersontoflyaplane.D．Sheisinterestedinsomespecialfieldsofphysics.8．AccordingtoPasterski,whicharetheimportantqualitiesthatpeopleneedtosucceed?A．Independenceandconcentration.B．Concentrationandoptimism.C．Optimismanddetermination.D．Friendlinessanddetermination.Ⅱ.閱讀七選五CMarywentthroughapersonalexperience40yearsagothatchangedherlifepathandestablishedherconnectionwithChineseherbalmedicine.Stillchildlessafter13yearsofmarriage,Marylongedtobecomeamother.Foryearsshetravelledfromcountrytocountryandvisitedtopexpertsinthefield,butwithoutsuccess.1However,herChineseherbalistgrandmothergaveherhopethroughaherbaltreatment.Afterthreeandahalfyearsshebecamepregnant.2Theexpectantmother'sdelightwassharedbytherestofherfamilytoo.Thiswasthepointwhenshemadeuphermindtocarryonhergrandmother'sworkanddevoteherlifetoherbalmedicineresearch，developmentandpromotion.Tothisend,sheinvestedinalargeherbalgardeninthesuburbsofJakarta，wheremorethan30,000plantsaregrown.3Throughtheapplicationofgreateffortandresourcesovermany,manyyears,Mary'scareerhasdevelopedvigorously,ashashergarden.4Whenshewasaskedwhetheritwasworthwhiletohavedevotedsomuchofherlifetothisresearch,shefirmlyresponded，“WhatIhavedoneistofulfillapromiseIoncemade.Moreimportantly，IwanttobringChineseherbalmedicinetoallthoseinneed.5”A．Morethan7,000ofthesecanbeusedasmedicine.B．Themomentthenewswasconfirmed,sheburstintotearsofhappiness.C．Ibelieveitcanhelprelievepainandenablethesicktoregaintheirhopeoflife.D．MarydecidedtomakegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofChineseherbalmedicine.E．Theheartbreakanddisappointmentwassogreatthatshecameclosetogivingup.F．I'msohappythatthelocalpeopleliketouseChineseherbalmedicinefortreatment.G．Althoughsheisnow80yearsold,sheisstillcommittedtothestudyofChineseherbalmedicine.D(2022·全國乙卷)Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(聯(lián)系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.6.·Moreisn'talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.7.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)8.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·9Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don'trelyontechnologyalone10，butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A．RememberimportantdatesB．CompensatebywritinglettersC．ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD．TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE．FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF．ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG．YoumaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehindⅢ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In2020,HuangXuhua1.(present)withChina'stopscientifichonor,theStatePreeminentScienceandTechnologyAwardasoneofthechiefdesignersforChina'sfirstgenerationofnuclearsubmarines(潛艇)．Huangwasalsooneoftheeightleadingfigures2.receivedtheMedaloftheRepublicin2019fortheircontributions3.thenation.AftercompletinganengineeringdegreeinshipbuildingfromShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityin1949,HuangjoinedChina'sfirstnuclearsubmarineproject.Duringthehardesttime,Chinawasunabletogetanyforeign4.(assist)sinceitwasunderatechnologyblockade(封鎖)fromothercountries.5.(face)withvariousdifficulties,Huangandhisteamworkedoutmillionsofdatawithabacusesandslipsticks(算盤和計算尺).6.(eventual)theymanagedtodevelopthefirstnuclearsubmarineinChina,thus7.(make)Chinathefifthcountrytoownnuclearsubmarinesintheworld.For8.(decade),hisworkremainedatopsecret.Hemaintainedlittlecontactwithhisparents.“GiventhejobIdid,Ihadtomakefamilytieslessofapriority，”Huangrecalled.Hehasworkedonthedevelopmentofnuclearsubmarines,9.(lead)histeamtocarryoutresearch,workedonthedevelopmentofaseriesofkeymodels,andtrained10.largenumberofoutstandingscientificandtechnologicaltalents.

答案解析：Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語篇解讀】語篇類型：記敘文。主題語境：人與自我。主旨：MusaMotha在自己因骨肉瘤截肢之后積極對待生活。1．C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Butwhenhewas10yearsold,heinjuredhisleftleg.”和第二段中“Abonemarrowbiopsy(骨髓活檢)revealedMothahadosteosarcoma,atypeofbonecancer,inhisleftleg.”可知，他的疾病是在他左腿受傷后做檢查時發(fā)現(xiàn)的，是一個意外。2．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末段中“Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.”可推知，Motha拒絕只把自己看作一個舞者是因為他想激勵其他殘疾人走出舒適區(qū)，超越自我。3．A推測詞義題。根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容“Themorewecanseethedisabledpersoninmultipleaspectsoflife,suchashelicopterpilots,engineers,chefs,choreographersandprofessors,thegreaterhopewecanholdontoforasociety”可推知，標線處應是表達“包括殘疾人在內(nèi)的每個人都可以有所作為”的含義。4．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“...decidedhewasgoingtoapproachlifedifferently—morepositively”可知，他勇敢樂觀；根據(jù)文章末段中“Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone”可知，他是一個有抱負的人。故選D項。B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了年僅23歲的Pasterski在學術上所取得的成就，她被比作愛因斯坦和霍金。5．C寫作目的題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可判斷出，作者一開始提到愛因斯坦和霍金是為了引出關鍵人物。故選C項。6．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“FemalistaquotedHaggertyassaying:AfterjustthreeyearsatMITshehasalreadyachievedthehighestpossiblegradepointaverageof5.0.”可知，Haggerty高度評價了Pasterski。故選B項。7．D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，帕斯特斯基更令人印象深刻的是她對物理學的一些特殊領域感興趣。故選D項。8．C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Beingoptimisticaboutwhatyoubelieveyoucando.Whenyou'relittle,yousayalotofthingsaboutwhatyou'lldoorbewhenyou'reolder—Ithinkit'simportantnottoforgetthosedreams.”可知，帕斯特斯基認為，這些樂觀和決心都是人們成功所需要的重要品質(zhì)。故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了瑪麗和中草藥結下不解之緣的勵志故事。1．E根據(jù)上文中的“Stillchildlessafter13years...butwithoutsuccess.”可推知，多年來求子無果的經(jīng)歷讓瑪麗很是傷心和失望，所以E項符合語境。E項承接上文且與空后一句形成轉折。2．B根據(jù)下文中的“Theexpectantmother'sdelightwassharedbytherestofherfamilytoo.”可知，通過中草藥療法，多年不孕的瑪麗終于懷孕了，夢想達成，自然是喜出望外，所以選B。3．A根據(jù)上文中的“devoteherlifetoherbalmedicineresearch”及“Tothisend,...wheremorethan30,000plantsaregrown.”可推知，瑪麗決定致力于中草藥研究工作，這些植物很多可以用作中草藥，所以A項符合語境。4．G根據(jù)下文中的“Whenshewasaskedwhetheritwasworthwhiletohavedevotedsomuchofherlifetothisresearch,shefirmlyresponded”可推知，瑪麗后來多年一直致力于中草藥的研究工作，所以選G。5．C根據(jù)上文中的“Moreimportantly,IwanttobringChineseherbalmedicinetoallthoseinneed.”并結合瑪麗自身的經(jīng)歷可知，瑪麗認為中草藥能幫助有需要的人，所以C項承接上文，符合語境。D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了5種維系異地友誼的方法。6．D上文“Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.(平日繁忙，很難抽出時間打電話。)”講的是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時間給對方打電話，D項“盡量找個雙方都有空的時間去打電話，并堅持下去”給出了解決沒時間打電話這個問題的方法，符合題意。故選D項。7．B上文“Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”提到異地朋友之間要商量溝通方式，B項“可以通過寫信補償”提出了其中一種溝通方式——寫信；下文“Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.”補充了發(fā)語音等其他溝通方式，其中“constantwrittencommunication”呼應了B項的“writingletters”。故選B項。8．G下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining”和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”提到朋友的兩個不同處境，G項“你可能是朋友中離開的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中離開的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowa