利用食品深加工技術(shù)分離制備羅漢果甜苷Mogrosideswereisolatedandpreparedbyfooddeepprocessingtechnology2.設(shè)備與用具準(zhǔn)備新鮮成熟的羅漢果（或冷凍保存的羅漢果）、飲用水、純化水。1.原料與試劑準(zhǔn)備逆流提取機(jī)組或提取罐、離心機(jī)、超濾膜設(shè)備（膜孔徑100000）、納濾濃縮膜設(shè)備（膜截留相對(duì)分子量在200~400）、濃縮設(shè)備、不銹鋼儲(chǔ)罐4~5個(gè)、恒流泵、巴氏消毒罐、真空干燥機(jī)或噴霧干燥機(jī)、取樣瓶等。2.PreparationofequipmentandutensilsFreshlyripenedmonkfruit(orcryopreservedmonkfruit),drinkingwater,purifiedwater。1.Preparationofrawmaterialsandreagents

Countercurrentextractionunitorextractiontank,centrifuge,ultrafiltrationmembraneequipment(membraneporesize100000),nanofiltrationconcentrationmembraneequipment(membranecut-offrelativemolecularweightis200~400),concentrationequipment,stainlesssteelstoragetank4~5,constantflowpump,pasteurizationtank,vacuumdryerorspraydryer,samplingbottle,etc.制備羅漢果甜苷的操作流程見(jiàn)右圖。Theoperationprocessofpreparingmogrosideisshowninthefigureontheright.3.操作方法3Howtooperate制備羅漢果甜苷流程4.操作要點(diǎn)（1）破碎、逆流提取（2）離心（3）超濾（4）納濾純化（5）濃縮（6）巴氏滅菌（7）冷凍干燥或噴霧干燥4.Operationalpoints（1）Crushing,counter-currentextraction（2）Centrifugal（3）ultrafiltration（4）Nanofiltrationpurification（5）concentrate（6）Pasteurization（7）Freeze-driedorspray-dried5.結(jié)果觀測(cè)分析

（一）外觀觀察對(duì)取樣的膜截留液進(jìn)行顏色和澄清度觀察，記錄分離實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，并對(duì)膜分離前出的物質(zhì)進(jìn)行結(jié)果分析，分析顏色和澄清度與羅漢果甜苷純度的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系。5.Observationandanalysisofresults

(1)AppearanceobservationThecolorandclarityofthesampledmembraneretentatewereobserved,theresultsoftheseparationexperimentwererecorded,andtheresultsofthesubstancesbeforemembraneseparationwereanalyzed,andthecorrelationbetweencolorandclarityandthepurityofmogrosidewasanalyzed.5.結(jié)果觀測(cè)分析Observationandanalysisofresults（二）超濾液、濃縮液檢測(cè)分析Ultrafiltrateandconcentratedetectionandanalysis超濾液、濃縮液檢測(cè)Brix,以確定是否達(dá)到工藝控制的要求。Ultrafiltrate,concentratetestingBrixtodetermineifprocesscontrolrequirementsaremet5.結(jié)果觀測(cè)分析（三）膜分離截留液檢測(cè)分析對(duì)取樣的膜截留液分別在波長(zhǎng)595nm用分光光度計(jì)檢測(cè)羅漢果總皂苷的吸光度值，并以濃縮倍數(shù)為橫坐標(biāo)，以總皂苷的吸光度值（A595）為縱坐標(biāo)繪制膜分離圖。5.Observationandanalysisofresults（三）Membraneseparationretentatedetectionandanalysis

Theabsorbancevalueoftotalsaponinsinmonkfruitwasdetectedbyspectrophotometeratwavelength595nm,andthemembraneseparationmapwasdrawnwiththeconcentrationfactorastheabscissaandtheabsorbancevalueoftotalsaponins(A595)astheordinate.6.注意事項(xiàng)1.在開始生產(chǎn)前，應(yīng)將所有設(shè)備按上料機(jī)→破碎機(jī)→逆流提取機(jī)組或提取罐→中轉(zhuǎn)罐→衡流泵→離心機(jī)→中轉(zhuǎn)罐→恒流泵→超濾設(shè)備→中轉(zhuǎn)罐→恒流泵→膜分離設(shè)備→中轉(zhuǎn)罐→濃縮設(shè)備→巴殺罐→恒流泵→干燥設(shè)備用管道連接并全部清潔干凈。2.羅漢果破碎時(shí)只需破碎到羅漢果種子一粒一粒即可，不能破碎種子。3.超濾時(shí)設(shè)備每運(yùn)行8個(gè)小時(shí)或超濾通量小于設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)通量的60%時(shí)，應(yīng)停止進(jìn)料，超濾設(shè)備使用后要徹底按特有的清潔方法清潔，以恢復(fù)其通量。4.膜設(shè)備在進(jìn)膜壓力和出膜壓力壓差超過(guò)0.1Mpa時(shí)或者通量明顯下降時(shí)，以10.5≤pH≤12的氫氧化鈉和三聚磷酸鈉溶液循環(huán)60min，純水洗凈后待用。5.在超濾、膜分離過(guò)程中，要保持合適且穩(wěn)定的流速。6.在檢測(cè)羅漢果總皂苷時(shí)，必須對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行前處理，取膜截留液10mL至25mL容量瓶中，用純凈水稀釋至刻度，搖勻。分別取各樣品溶液0.2mL到具塞試管中，加水0.5mL，加5%香草醛溶液0.2mL，高氯酸0.8mL，60℃水浴15min。取出試管冰水浴冷卻，再加5mL冰醋酸，搖勻后靜置10min，在波長(zhǎng)595nm處測(cè)其吸光度值。6.Precautions1.Beforestartingproduction,allequipmentshouldbepressedaccordingtothefeeder→crusher→counter-currentextractionunitorextractiontank→transfertank→constantflowpump→centrifuge→transfertank→constantflowpump→ultrafiltrationequipment→transfertank→constantflowpump→membraneseparationequipment→transfertank→concentrationequipment→pasteurizationtank→constantflowpump→dryingequipmentisconnectedwithpipesandallarecleaned.2.Whenthemonkfruitisbroken,itonlyneedstobebrokentothemonkfruitseedsonebyone,andtheseedscannotbebroken.3.Whentheequipmentrunsfor8hoursortheultrafiltrationfluxislessthan60%ofthedesignfluxoftheequipment,thefeedingshouldbestopped,andtheultrafiltrationequipmentshouldbethoroughlycleanedaccordingtotheuniquecleaningmethodafterusetorestoreitsflux.4.Whenthepressuredifferencebetweentheinletpressureandtheoutgoingpressureexceeds0.1Mpaorthefluxdecreasessignificantly,themembraneequipmentshouldbecirculatedwithasolutionofsodiumhydroxideandsodiumtripolyphosphateatapHof10.5≤pH≤12for60min,washedwithpurewaterandsetaside.5.Intheprocessofultrafiltrationandmembraneseparation,itisnecessarytomaintainasuitableandstableflowrate.6.Whendetectingtotalsaponinsinmonkfruit,thesamplemustbepretreated,andthemembraneretentatemustbetakenfrom10mLto25mLvolumetricflask,dilutedtothescalewithpurifiedwater,andshakenwell.0.2mLofeachsamplesolutionwasaddedtothepluggedtesttube,0.5mLofwater,0.2mLof5%vanillinsolution,0.8mLofperchloricacid,andawaterbathat60°Cfor15min.Takeoutthetesttubeinanicewaterbathandcool,add5mLofglacialaceticacid,shakewell,letitstandfor10min,andmeasureitsabsorbancevalueatawavelengthof595nm.

二、實(shí)訓(xùn)建議

1、實(shí)訓(xùn)時(shí)間與分組安排（1）使用逆流提取是一個(gè)連續(xù)動(dòng)態(tài)的過(guò)程，且整個(gè)工序中各中間體均容易發(fā)酵變質(zhì)，本實(shí)訓(xùn)任務(wù)宜對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行分崗位操作，崗位分別為：提取和離心、超濾、膜分離、濃縮、噴粉（或冷凍干燥），如投料量大，生產(chǎn)周期長(zhǎng)，還要考慮每個(gè)崗位如何排班。（2）為了讓學(xué)生了解到不同環(huán)節(jié)的操作，可以讓學(xué)生輪流到不同崗位。（3）如學(xué)校沒(méi)有成套的制備設(shè)備，可安排學(xué)生到相應(yīng)的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)。

Second,thetrainingsuggestions

Trainingtimeandgrouparrangement（1)Theuseofcountercurrentextractionisacontinuousanddynamicprocess,andtheintermediatesinthewholeprocessareeasytofermentanddeteriorate,thistrainingtaskshouldbedividedintopositionsforstudents,thepositionsare:extractionandcentrifugation,ultrafiltration,membraneseparation,concentration,powderspraying(orfreezedrying),suchaslargeamountoffeeding,longproductioncycle,butalsoconsiderhowtoscheduleeachpost.(2)Inordertoletstudentsunderstandtheoperationofdifferentlinks,studentscantaketurnstodifferentpositions.(3)Iftheschooldoesnothaveacompletesetofpreparationequipment,studentscanbearrangedtointerninthecorrespondingproductionenterprises.2、實(shí)踐操作內(nèi)容的安排Arrangementofpracticaloperationcontent可安排學(xué)生使用不同孔徑的膜（膜截留相對(duì)分子量分別為在200、300、350、400）進(jìn)行實(shí)訓(xùn)，考察不同孔徑的膜分離純化效果。Studentscanbearrangedtousemembraneswithdifferentporesizes(therelativemolecularweightsofmembranesare200,300,350,and400,respectively)forpracticaltrainingtoinvestigatetheeffectofmembraneseparationandpurificationwithdifferentporesizes1、羅漢果甜苷的性質(zhì)羅漢果甜苷又稱羅漢果甜甙(或羅漢果甜)，萃取于廣西特產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)植物--羅漢果，棕色至淺黃色粉末，熔點(diǎn)197~201℃(分解)，易溶于水和稀乙醇，熱穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)，在100℃中性水溶液中連續(xù)加熱25h，或在120℃長(zhǎng)時(shí)間加熱，均不致破壞，在弱酸、弱堿中不變質(zhì)。羅漢果甜苷味極甜，純品甜苷甜度為蔗糖的300倍，其熱量為零。Thepropertiesofmogrosides

Mogroside,alsoknownasmonkfruitglycoside(ormonkfruitsweet),isextractedfromGuangxispecialeconomicplant-monkfruit,browntolightyellowpowder,meltingpoint197~201°C(decomposition),solubleinwateranddiluteethanol,strongthermalstability,continuousheatingin100°Cneutralaqueoussolutionfor25h,orlong-termheatingat120°C,willnotbedamaged,andwillnotdeteriorateinweakacidandweakalkali.Monkfruitglycosidesareextremelysweet,andthesweetnessofpureglycosidesis300timesthatofsucrose,anditscaloriesarezero.2、羅漢果及羅漢果甜苷的保健功效羅漢果性涼、味甘、無(wú)毒、歸肺、大腸經(jīng)，具有清熱潤(rùn)肺，利咽開音，潤(rùn)腸通便之功效。傳統(tǒng)常用于治療肺熱燥咳、咽痛失音、腸燥便秘等。近10多年來(lái)，羅漢果的藥理研究發(fā)現(xiàn)羅漢果除了傳統(tǒng)功效外，還有不少新功效，已有多篇文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道羅漢果有降血糖和降血脂、抗氧化清除自由基、保肝、抗腫瘤、增強(qiáng)免疫、抗疲勞耐缺氧耐高溫、抑菌等新功效。2.Healthcareeffectsofmonkfruitandmonkfruitglycosides

Monkfruitiscool,sweet,non-toxic,returnstothelungsandlargeintestinemeridians,andhastheeffectsofclearingheatandmoisteningthelungs,openingthepharynxandopeningthethroat,andmoisteningtheintestinesandlaxative.Traditionally,itisoftenusedtotreathotanddrycough,sorethroat,lossofvoice,intestinaldrynessandconstipation.Inthepast10years,thepharmacologicalresearchofmonkfruithasfoundthatinadditiontothetraditionaleffects,therearemanyneweffects,andmanyliteraturereportsthatmonkfruithasneweffectssuchasloweringbloodsugarandbloodlipids,antioxidantscavengingfreeradicals,liverprotection,anti-tumor,enhancingimmunity,anti-fatigue,hypoxia,hightemperatureresistance,andantibacterial.1.利用層析分離技術(shù)純化羅漢果甜苷主要技術(shù)特點(diǎn)是：將羅漢果破碎，以飲用水為提取劑，料液比為1:（3~3.5）(m/v)，逆流提取，過(guò)濾，得羅漢果粗提取液備用。將羅漢果粗提取液，在恒定流速下通過(guò)大孔樹脂（SP700、LX-15）進(jìn)行分離純化，再濃縮、干燥。Purificationofmogrosidesbychromatographyseparationtechnology

Themaintechnicalcharacteristicsare:themonkfruitiscrushed,drinkingwaterisusedastheextractionagent,thesolid-liquidratiois1:(3~3.5)(m/v),countercurrentextraction,filtration,andthecrudeextractofmonkfruitisreadyforuse.Thecrudeextractofmonkfruitwasseparatedandpurifiedbymacroporousresin(SP700,LX-15)ataconstantflowrate,andthenconcentratedanddried.2.利用微波技術(shù)提取羅漢果甜苷主要技術(shù)特點(diǎn)是：將羅漢果破碎，以飲用水為提取劑，料液比為1:8(m/v)，微波輸出功率為750W，提取時(shí)間為15min，離心，過(guò)濾，得羅漢果粗提取液備用。將羅漢果粗提取液，利用膜分離純化或大孔樹脂層析分離純化，再濃縮、干燥。2.Microwavetechnologyisusedtoextractmogrosides

Themaintec