Unit7GiveEarthaChanceInnovationEnglishIntegratedCourseBook1Lead-inAfter-readingTextADetailedstudyofthetextAdditionalMaterialscontent01020304TextA3TeachingSessionsTextB1.5TeachingSessionsListening&Speaking1.5TeachingSessionsExercises2TeachingSessionsSuggestedTeachingSteps01Lead-inLead-inDirections:Thepicturesbelowdepictsomeproblemsfacedaroundtheworld.Firstdescribethepictureandthenshareyourreflectionontheproblemwithyourclassmates.Tips:Picture1:Industrialdevelopmentisfillingourrivers,seasandoceanswithtoxicpollutantswhichareamajorthreattohumanhealth.Picture2:Manyhumanactivitiesresultinthereleaseoftoxicchemicalsintotheair,whichcangoontodamagetheenvironmentandcauseillnessinpeople.Picture3:

Theclearingofgreenerymakesthatlandavailableforresidential,industrialorcommercialpurposes.Picture4:Risingtemperaturesoftheoceansandtheearth'ssurfacecausesmeltingofpolaricecaps,resultinginariseinsealevels.Lead-inDirections:Youmakechoiceseverydaythatcanhelpreducepollution.Watchadipanddiscusswhatyoucando.02TextATextAIntensiveReadingDetailedstudyoftheTextFromStructuretoTextTextAWater,WaterEverywhere?Istheworldrunningoutofwater?Agroupofscientists,economists,anddevelopmentexpertswhohavebeenstudyingthequestionforthepastfiveyearsthinktheyhavetheanswer.Their“ComprehensiveAssessment”,backedbytheUN’sFoodandAgriculturalOrganizationandvariousresearchinstitutesgovernments,andaidgroupswillbereleasedinNovember.ButduringWorldWaterWeek,aconferencenowunderwayinSweden,theyhaverevealedsomeearlyfindings.Thebadnewsisthatathirdoftheworld’spopulation,sometwobillionpeople,isalreadyshortofwater.Butthingsdonothavetobethisway.TextARoughly900millionpeople,theassessmentfinds,liveinriverbasinswherethereisbarelyenoughwatertokeepriversflowingandlakesfilled.Another700millionliveinbasinsrapidlyapproachingthis“closed”state,andabillionmorelivewithinreachofadequatewatersuppliesbutcannotaffordtomakeuseofthem.ThewatertableisfallingfastindenselypopulatedandpoorregionsofChina,MexicoandIndia.Ifcurrenttrendsinwaterconsumptioncontinue,thesegrimstatisticswillonlyworsen.TextAThemaincauseisagriculture.Ittakesroughly3,000litresofwatertogrowenoughforonepersonforoneday,oraboutalitreforeachcalorie.Demandforwaterwillgrowastheworld’spopulationincreasesandaspeopleeatmore—andmoremeatinparticular.Raisinglivestockrequiresmorewater,percalorie,thangrowingcrops.Sotheassessmentsuggeststhat,by2050,agriculturewillconsumetwiceasmuchwaterasitdoestoday.Industrialanddomesticuse,whichnowaccountsforonlyasmallfractionofwaterconsumption,isalsogrowingquickly.Globalwarmingaddsanotherlayerofuncertaintyandrisk.TextAIntheory,theworldwouldstillhavemorethanenoughwatertofeedeveryone.ButitmightrequiremuchmorefoodtobetradedfromsoddenpartsofEuropeNorth,America,andRussiatodrybitsofAfricaandAsia.Needlesstosay,farmersonthosecontinentsareinnopositiontopayforimportsoffood—andwillbecomeevenpooreriftheirwaterrunsshort.Afewpoor,dryandheavilypopulatedcountries,suchasEgypt,alreadydependonfoodimports,alongwiththeoddrichones,likeJapan.Butmostgovernmentsarereluctanttoputtheirconsumersatthemercyoftheworld’simperfectmarkets.TextAInstead,governmentshavetraditionallytriedtoincreaseagriculturaloutputthroughhugeandexpensiveirrigationprojects.Butsmallerinvestmentsinsimpledevicessuchaspumpstotapgroundwater,arefastertodeploy,yieldgreaterreturnsoncapitalandbringfewerenvironmentalandsocialproblems.Modestinvestmentsonrain-fedagriculture,inparticular,couldsharplyraisefarmers’productivityinpoorcountries,andsohelpbothtolifttheirincomesandtoreducetheneedforanexpansionofagricultureelsewhere.TextAOverhalfofworld’sfoodcomesfromrain-fedfarms,asopposedtoirrigatedones.Mostoftheworld’spoorestfarmers,includingthevastmajorityinAfrica,relyonrainfortheirlivelihoods.Iftherainsfail,sodothecrops.Channelstoharvestanddirectrainfall,andsmallreservoirsortankstostoreit,wouldnotonlyseethemthroughdryspells,butalsoallowthemtogetbiggerharvestsoutofthesamefields.Ifadoptedonagrandscale,theassessmentargues,suchtechniquescoulddoublecropyields.Inthatcase,theareaundercultivationgloballywouldonlyhavetorise10%tomeetrisingdemandforfood—andtherewouldbeplentyofwatertogoround.DetailedStudyFromword&sentencetotextDETAILEDSTUDYOFTHETEXTDetailedStudy1.Istheworldrunningoutofwater?【譯文】全球水資源快耗盡了嗎?runout:1)(~ofsth.)tobeusedup,finishedorexhausted用完，耗盡e.g.Wearerunningoutofpetrol.我們的汽油快耗盡了。2)tobecomenolongervalid,expire失效，過(guò)期e.g.Theleaseonourflatrunsoutinafewmonths.我們公寓的租約還有幾個(gè)月就到期了。Mypassporthasrunout,soI'llhavetogetphotostakenforanewone.我的護(hù)照過(guò)期了，所以我得去照相以申請(qǐng)新護(hù)照。DetailedStudy2.Their“ComprehensiveAssessment”,backedbytheUN’sFoodandAgriculturalOrganizationandvariousresearchinstitutes,governmentsandaidgroupswillbereleasedinNovember.【譯文】他們的“綜合評(píng)估報(bào)告”將于11月發(fā)布，這份評(píng)估報(bào)告獲得了聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織、多個(gè)研究機(jī)構(gòu)、政府和援助團(tuán)體的支持。assessment:n.anopinionorajudgment,esp.oneofaquantitativenature,aboutsb./sth.thathasbeenthoughtaboutverycarefully評(píng)估(評(píng)價(jià))e.g.Whatisyourassessmentofthesituation?你對(duì)時(shí)局的看法如何?DetailedStudyassess:v.評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)定(某事物的量或價(jià)值)e.g.It'sdifficulttoassesstheeffectsofthesechanges.這些變化帶來(lái)的效果難以評(píng)估。Damagetothebuildingwasassessedat￡40,000.該建筑物的損失估定為4萬(wàn)英鎊。release:v.1)toletnewsorofficialinformationbeknownandprinted發(fā)行(發(fā)布，發(fā)表)e.g.Policehavereleasednofurtherdetailsabouttheaccident.警方對(duì)這次事故沒(méi)有透露更多的細(xì)節(jié)。Thenewsolutiontotheproblemofwatershortagewillbereleasednextyear.水資源短缺問(wèn)題的新解決方案將有明年推出。2)(~sb./sth.fromsth.)toletsb./sth.comeoutofaplacewheretheyhavebeenkeptortrapped放走，釋放e.g.Policearrestedseveralmenwhowerelaterreleased.警察逮捕了幾個(gè)人，隨后又把他們釋放了。DetailedStudy3.ButduringtheWorldWaterWeek,aconferencenowunderwayinSweden,theyhaverevealedsomeearlyfindings.【譯文】但在目前正于瑞典舉行的“世界水周”會(huì)議上，他們已披露了一些早期的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。reveal:v.1)(~sth.tosb.)tomakesth.knowntosb.披(揭)露e.g.Detailsofthemurderwererevealedbythelocalpaper.當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙披露了謀殺的細(xì)節(jié)。Thereportrevealsthatthecompanyhadalossof￡20millionlastyear.這篇報(bào)道透露那家公司去年虧損兩千萬(wàn)英鎊。2)toshowsth.thatpreviouslycouldnotbeseen展現(xiàn)，顯示e.g.Helaughed,revealingalineofwhiteteeth.他笑了，露出一排潔白的牙齒。Theopendoorrevealedanuntidykitchen.透過(guò)敞開(kāi)的房門可以看見(jiàn)凌亂的廚房。DetailedStudy4.Thebadnewsisthatathirdoftheworldspopulationsometwobillionpeopleisalreadyshortofwater.【譯文】壞消息是:世界上三分之一的人口，也就是約20億人，已出現(xiàn)用水短缺的情況。beshortof:nothavingenoughofsth.orlackingsth.不夠，缺乏e.g.Ourlibrariesareshortoffunds.我們的圖書館資金短缺。I’mafraidI’malittleshortofmoneythismonth.Canyoulendmesomemoney?我這個(gè)月手頭不太寬裕，你能借我些錢嗎?beshortforsth.:是……的簡(jiǎn)稱，為……的縮略形式e.g.“Ben”isusuallyshortfor“Benjamin”.“Ben”通常為“Benjamin”的簡(jiǎn)稱。DetailedStudy5.Roughly900millionpeople,theassessmentfinds,liveinriverbasinswherethereisbarelyenoughwatertokeepriversflowingandlakesfilled.【譯文】該評(píng)估報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，約9億人口居住的江河流域幾乎沒(méi)有足夠的水來(lái)維持河水奔流、湖泊充盈。【解析】keepsth.doing:使……不停地做某事keepsth.done:使某物被……e.g.Hekeptthefireburning.他讓火燃著。Pleaseopenthewindowtokeeptheairflowing.請(qǐng)開(kāi)窗通風(fēng)。Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.少說(shuō)話,多觀察。

DetailedStudyroughly:adv.1)approximatelybutnotexactly大概(約)e.g.Roughly200peoplewerethere.那兒大約有200個(gè)人。Azaleasfloweratroughlythesametimeeachyear.杜鵑花每年的開(kāi)花時(shí)間大致相同。2)usingforceornotbeingcarefulandgentle粗魯(暴)地e.g.Sheroughlypushedmetowardthedoor.她粗魯?shù)匕盐彝T那里推。Themanagertreatedtheworkersroughly.經(jīng)理粗暴地對(duì)待工人。DetailedStudy6.Another700millionliveinbasinsrapidlyapproachingthis“closed”state,andabillionmorelivewithinreachofadequatewatersuppliesbutcannotaffordtomakeuseofthem.【譯文】另有7億人口居住的流域也瀕臨這種缺水情況;還有10億多人鄰近水源充足之地，卻承擔(dān)不起用水的代價(jià)。adequate:adj.(~to/forsth.)enoughinquantityorofagoodenoughqualityforaparticularpurpose足夠的，充分的e.g.Theroomwassmallbutadequatefortwopeople.房間雖小，但兩個(gè)人住足夠了。YourworkisadequatebutI’msureyoucoulddobetter你工作做得不錯(cuò)，但我肯定你能做得更好。DetailedStudyafford:v.1)tohaveenoughmoneyortimetobeabletobuyordosth.買(負(fù)擔(dān))得起，抽得出(時(shí)間)e.g.I'dlovetogoonvacationbutIcan’taffordthetime.我倒是想去度假，但抽不出時(shí)間。Theywalkedbecausetheycouldn’taffordtotakeataxi.他們坐不起出租車所以只能步行。2)beabletodosth.withoutrisktooneself承擔(dān)得起(做某事的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))e.g.Imustn'tannoymybossbecauseIcan’taffordtolosemyjob.我得罪不起老板，因?yàn)槲也荒軄G掉工作。Youcannotaffordtocriticizeotherswhenyoubehavesobadlyyourself.本身行為不正，則不宜批評(píng)別人。DetailedStudy7.Sotheassessmentsuggeststhat,by2050,agriculturewillconsumetwiceasmuchwaterasitdoestoday.【譯文】由此，該評(píng)估報(bào)告指出，到2050年，農(nóng)業(yè)耗水量將是現(xiàn)在的兩倍。twiceasmuchas…:是……的兩倍(表示倍數(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu);twice/triple...asmuch/manyas...是……的……倍，相當(dāng)于twice/triplethe...of...)e.g.Thisroomisfourtimesasbigasthatone.這間房的大小是那間房的四倍。consume:v.tousesth.,especiallyfuel,energyortime消費(fèi)(耗)，花費(fèi)e.g.Thecarconsumesalotoffuel.這車耗油。Hesoonconsumedhisfortune.他很快把財(cái)產(chǎn)揮霍殆盡。【擴(kuò)展】consumer:n.apersonwhobuysgoodsorusesservices消費(fèi)者e.g.Consumersareencouragedtocomplainaboutfaultyproducts.鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者投訴劣質(zhì)商品。Anyincreaseinthecostoftransportinggoodswillbepassedontotheconsumer.增加的貨物運(yùn)輸成本都會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)嫁給消費(fèi)者。DetailedStudy8.Industrialanddomesticuse,whichnowaccountsforonlyasmallfractionofwaterconsumption,isalsogrowingquickly.【譯文】而目前只占耗水量一小部分的工業(yè)和家庭用水也會(huì)飛速增長(zhǎng)。domestic:adj.1)connectedwiththehomeorfamily家(庭，用)的e.g.Mostfamiliesnowcanafforddomesticappliances.現(xiàn)在，大多數(shù)家庭都買得起家用電器。2)oforinsideaparticularcountry;notforeignorinternational本國(guó)的，國(guó)內(nèi)的e.g.Securityondomesticflightshasbeenincreased.國(guó)內(nèi)航班的安全措施已加強(qiáng)。Outputconsistsofbothexportsandsalesonthedomesticmarket.產(chǎn)量包括出口和國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)銷售兩部分。DetailedStudy9.Needlesstosay,farmersonthosecontinentsareinnopositiontopayforimportsoffood—andwillbecomeevenpoorer,iftheirwaterrunsshort.【譯文】不用說(shuō)，亞非大陸的農(nóng)民買不起進(jìn)口的糧食——何況，若水資源日益匱乏，他們會(huì)更加貧窮。import:n.1)theactofbringingaproductorserviceintoonecountryfromanother進(jìn)口e.g.importsofoil石油進(jìn)口2)aproductorservicethatisbroughtintoonecountryfromanother進(jìn)口貨物(商品)e.g.California’ssmall-carbuyerstendtobuyimports.加州的小型車購(gòu)買者青睞進(jìn)口貨。v.tobringaproduct,aservice,anidea,etc.,intoonecountryfromanother進(jìn)口，輸人，引進(jìn)e.g.Thecountryhastoimportmostofitsrawmaterials.這個(gè)國(guó)家的原料，大部分靠進(jìn)口。DetailedStudy【擴(kuò)展】export:n.thesellingandtransportingofgoodstoanothercountryoraproductthatissoldtoanothercountry出口貨物(商品)eg.Lastyear'sexportsexceededimportsinvalue.去年的出口價(jià)值超過(guò)進(jìn)口。Notethestructure“needlesstosay”.形容詞或其詞組放在句首或者句尾表示原因、結(jié)果等。e.g.Hefelldownontheground,dead.他倒地，死了。Eagertoknowthetruthhehurriedtothepolicestation.急于知道真相，他匆匆趕到警察局。DetailedStudy10.Afewpoor,dryandheavilypopulatedcountries…alongwiththeoddrichones,likeJapan.【譯文】一些貧困干旱又人口眾多的國(guó)家，同日本那樣情況特殊的富國(guó)一樣，……alongwith:

(~sb./sth.)togetherwithsb.orsth.else與……一起e.g.Shelostherjobwhenthefactoryclosed,alongwithhundredsofothers.那家工廠關(guān)閉時(shí)，她與其他數(shù)百人一樣，失去了工作。Tobaccoistaxedinmostcountries,alongwithalcohol.在多數(shù)國(guó)家，煙草與酒一樣，都要征稅。DetailedStudyodd:adj.1)happeningorappearingoccasionally;notverypopularorfrequent少見(jiàn)的，偶爾的e.g.Thisdoesn’tmatterontheoddoccasion;itisonlyaproblemifitoccursregularly.這種事偶爾發(fā)生一次并無(wú)大礙，但如果經(jīng)常發(fā)生就成問(wèn)題了。2)strangeorunusual奇怪的，古怪的e.g.Theoddthingwasthathedidn’trecognizeme.奇怪的是他沒(méi)認(rèn)出我來(lái)。Whatshedidwasunforgivable,buttheoddthingwashedidn’tseemtomind.她所做的事是不能原諒的，但奇怪的是他似乎并不在意。3)(ofnumbers)thatcannotbedividedexactlybythenumbertwo奇數(shù)的e.g.1,3,5and7areoddnumbers.1、3、5、7是奇數(shù)。DetailedStudy11.Butsmallerinvestments,insimpledevicessuchaspumpstotapgroundwaterarefastertodeploy,yieldgreaterreturnsoncapitalandbringfewerenvironmentalandsocialproblems.【譯文】然而，投資較少的資金，購(gòu)買諸如抽取地下水的水泵這樣的簡(jiǎn)單設(shè)備，其運(yùn)作會(huì)更快，資本回報(bào)率會(huì)更高，引發(fā)的環(huán)境和社會(huì)問(wèn)題也會(huì)更少。yield:v.1)toproduceorprovidesth.,forexampleaprofitresultorcrop生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生(產(chǎn)出)e.g.Theresearchhasyieldedusefulinformation.這項(xiàng)研究得出了許多有用的信息。Investmentsinstockmarketsdonotalwaysyieldhighprofit.投資股市未必總會(huì)產(chǎn)生較高的收益。2)(~tosb./sth.)toallowoneselftobeovercomebypressure;ceaseoppositiontosb./sth.屈服，讓步e.g.Thetownwasforcedtoyieldafteralongsiege.該城因長(zhǎng)期受困，被迫棄守。n.theamountofprofits,crops,etc.thatsth.produces產(chǎn)量，收益DetailedStudy12.Overhalfoftheworld'sfoodcomesfromrain-fedfarmsasopposedtoirrigatedones.【譯文】全球糧食一半以上來(lái)自依靠雨水滋潤(rùn)而非人工灌溉的農(nóng)田。opposedto(sth.):stronglyagainststh.反對(duì)(抗)e.g.Sheseemsverymuchopposedtoyourgoingabroad.她好像強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)你出國(guó)。Theyaretotallyopposedtoanyformofterrorism.他們堅(jiān)決反對(duì)任何形式的恐怖主義。asopposedto:incontrastto與……相反(不同，相對(duì))e.g.Iamhereonbusinessasopposedtoaholiday.我在這里是辦公事而不是度假。Studentsdiscussideas,asopposedtojustcopyingfrombooks.學(xué)生們各抒己見(jiàn)，而不是單純照搬書本。DetailedStudy13.Ifadoptedonagrandscale,theassessmentargues,suchtechniquescoulddoublecropyields.【譯文】評(píng)估報(bào)告認(rèn)為，如果大規(guī)模采用此法，農(nóng)作物收成會(huì)翻倍。adopt:v.1)tostarttodealwithorthinkaboutsth.inaparticularway采用(取，納)eg.Thecourtswereaskedtoadoptamoreflexibleapproachtoyoungoffenders.法院被要求對(duì)青少年罪犯采取更靈活的處理方式。2)totakesb.else’schildintoyourfamilyandbecomeitslegalparent(s)收養(yǎng)e.g.Havingnochildrenoftheirown,theydecidedtoadoptanorphan.他們沒(méi)有親生兒女，所以決定領(lǐng)養(yǎng)一個(gè)孤兒。Paul’smotherhadhimadoptedbecauseshecouldn’tlookafterhimherself.保羅的母親因?yàn)樽约簾o(wú)力撫養(yǎng)他，便將他送給別人收養(yǎng)了。DetailedStudydouble:v.

tobecometwiceasbigortwiceasmuchortomakesthtwiceasbigortwiceasmuch翻倍e.g.Ifyoudoubleallthequantitiesintherecipe,itwillbeenoughforeightpeople.把菜譜上的各種用料都增加一倍，就夠八個(gè)人吃了。n.sth.thatistwiceasbig,asmuch,etc.,asusualorassth.else兩倍e.g.He'spaiddoubleforthesamejob.做同樣的工作，他得到了雙倍報(bào)酬。DetailedStudy14.Inthatcase,theareaundercultivationgloballywouldonlyhavetorise10%tomeettherisingdemandforfood—andtherewouldbeplentyofwatertogoaround【譯文】那樣的話，全球耕地面積只需增加10%，就能滿足人們對(duì)糧食日益增長(zhǎng)的需要——那么，就有大量的水可用了。inthatcase:

ifthathappensorhashappened;ifthatisthesituation既然那樣的話,假若是那樣的話e.g.Youdon'tlikeyourjob?Inthatcase,whydon'tyouleave?你不喜歡你的工作?那你為什么不離開(kāi)呢?(just)incase:becauseofthepossibilityofsth.happening萬(wàn)一，以免……e.g.You'dbettertakethekeysincaseI'mout.你最好拿上鑰匙，以免我外出。inanycase:whateverhappensorhappened無(wú)論如何，總之e.g.Itmayraintomorrow,butwearegoinginanycase.明天也許會(huì)下雨，但無(wú)論如何我們都要走。DetailedStudycultivation:n.thepreparationanduseoflandforgrowingplantsorcrops耕(種，作)e.g.Thesefieldshavebeenundercultivationforyears.這些地已經(jīng)被耕種許多年了。Terracesforricecultivationcoveredthehillsides.山坡上滿是種水稻的梯田。【擴(kuò)展】cultivatev.1)toprepareanduselandforgrowingplantsorcrops耕(種，地，作)e.g.Thelandaroundherehasneverbeencultivated.周圍這塊地從未被開(kāi)墾過(guò)。2)toworkhardtodevelopaparticularskill,attitude,orquality培養(yǎng)，陶冶e.g.Thecompanyhasbeensuccessfulincultivatingaveryprofessionalimage.那家公司成功地打造出了極為專業(yè)的形象。StructureStudyFromstructuretotextSTRUCTURESTUDYSummaryoftheText

Directions:Fillintheblankswithappropriatewordsfromthetext.Istheworldrunningoutofwater?Agroupofscientists,economistsanddevelopmentexpertswhohavebeenstudyingthequestionforthepastfiveyearsthinkthatathirdoftheworld’spopulationarealready1)shortofwater.Butthingsdonothavetobethisway.Infact,alotofwatergoestoagriculture.Itissuggestedthat,by2050,2)agriculturewillconsumetwiceasmuchwaterasitdoestoday.Globalwarming,industryand3)domesticusemaymakethesituationevenworse.In4)theory,theworldwouldstillhavemorethanenoughwaterto5)feedeveryone,butitmightrequiremuchmorefoodtobetradedfromsoddenpartsoftheworldtoparchedones.However,mostgovernmentsdon’twanttoputtheir6)consumersatthemercyoftheworld’simperfectmarkets.Instead,governmentshavetraditionallytriedtoincreaseagriculturaloutputthroughhugeandexpensive7)irrigationprojects.Butsmaller8)investmentsinsimpledevicessuchaspumpstotapgroundwater,channelstoharvestanddirectrainfall,andsmall9)reservoirsortankstostoreitaremoreefficient,andbringfewerenvironmentaland10)socialproblems.Ifthesemeasuresarewidelyadopted,therewouldbeplentyofwatertogoround.Directions:Readthetextagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1)Howmanycaloriesdoesonepersonneedforoneday?3,000calories.2)Whatfactorsmayworsentheworld’swatersupplysituationbesidesincreasingdemandforwaterinagriculture?Increasingwaterconsumptioninindustryanddomesticuse,andglobalwarming.3)Whyaremostgovernmentsreluctanttoimportmorefood?Becausedependenceontheworld’simperfectmarketswillputgovernmentsatadisadvantage.4)Whatisthebestwaytoincreaseagriculturaloutput?Comparedwithhugeandexpensiveirrigationprojects,smallerinvestmentsinsimpledevicessuchaspumpstotapgroundwater,channelstoharvestanddirectrainfall,andsmallreservoirsortankstostoreitarethebestwaystoincreaseagriculturaloutput.5)Istheworldrunningoutofwater?No.Ifsomeefficientmeasuresarewidelyadoptedtherewouldbeplentyofwatertogoaround.03After-readingAfter-reading點(diǎn)擊此處輸入文字內(nèi)容KeystoExercisesAfter-readingActivityKeystoExercisesVocabulary1.1)C 2)F3)B4)G5)I6)J 7)A8)D9)H10)E2.1)conference2)barely3)domestic4)consumption5)adequate6)current7)assessment 8)aid9)comprehensive10)afford11)revealed12)dense13)approached14)Statistics15)device3.1)Afro-Americansaccountfor12%oftheUSpopulation.2)Needlesstosay,we’reonaverytightbudget.3)Thetouristindustryyielded$2.25billionforthestatelastyear.4)Mostofusareopposedtothedeathpenalty.5)I’vegotenoughmoneysavedtoseemethroughsixmonthsofunemployment.6)Plansareunderwaytobuildanewstadiuminthecity.7)Allthreeteamsadopteddifferentapproachestotheproblem.8)Thechurchhasdoubleditsmembershipinthelastfiveyears./Thechurchmembershiphasdoubledinthelastfiveyears.Structure1.1)twiceasmuchasthenurses2)coffeeassweetasthis3)wateriseighthundredtimesasdenseasair4)Iamnotasgoodacookassheis5)heardmusicasimpressiveasthis2.1)Indoingscientificexperiments,onemustbemorethancarefulwiththeinstruments.2)Iassureyou(that)Iammorethangladtohelpyou.3)Iwasmorethansurprisedthatshehadbeentellingthetruth.4)Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.5)Collegesanduniversitiesacrossthenationhavedecidedtodomorethantalkabouttheriseinstudentcheating.

Cloze1)prevent2)solve3)attention4)increasingly5)threat6)choice7)invested8)decades9)advanced10)ensure

Translation1)如果水耗以目前的趨勢(shì)持續(xù)下去，這些嚴(yán)峻的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)只會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化。2)不用說(shuō)，亞非大陸的農(nóng)民買不起進(jìn)口的糧食——何況，若水資源日益匱乏，他們會(huì)更加貧窮。3)但大多數(shù)國(guó)家政府不愿讓本國(guó)消費(fèi)者受制于不完善的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。4)全球糧食一半以上來(lái)自依靠雨水滋潤(rùn)而非人工灌溉的農(nóng)田。5)若雨量不足，則莊稼欠收。Directions:Therearefourstatementsonwhethereconomicgrowthorenvironmentalprotectionshouldreceivethehigherpriority.What’syouropinion?Doyouagreeordisagree?Givereasonstosupportyourviews.ActivityOneStatementsAgreeordisagreeReasonsandexamplesProtectingtheenvironmentwilllimittheeconomicgrowth.Ifwearedyingtodevelopwithoutregardtoenvironmental

protection,naturewilltakerevengeonus.Deedsofenvironmentaldestructionareequaltokillingthe

goosethatlaysthegoldenegg.Economicgrowthandenvironmentalprotectionareboth

importanttous.Abalancemustbestruck.So,asustainable

developmentiswhatwepursue.Watercovers70percentoftheEarth,butonly3%ofitiscleanandsuitableforhumanconsumption.Evenifyouliveinanareawithamplerainfall,usingwaterrequiresenergytoprocess,pump,heat,re-pump,andreprocessit.Fortunately,therearewaystosavewaterforeveryone.ActivityTwoMatchthepicturebelowwiththeappropriatedescriptioninthetable,andthensharewithyourclassmateswhatyouhavedoneorwilldotosavewater.A.

Checkyourplumbingforleaks.E.

Convertyourtoilettolowflush.B.

Washfulllaundryordishloads.F.

Installlow-flowshowerheads.C.

Savewaterfromyourtaps.G.

Getorcreateadual-flushtoilet.D.

Collectwaterforre-useanytime.H.

Takeshortershowers.CAHDGEFBDirections:DoyouknowthatMarch22ndisWorldWaterDay?Giventhecurrentstateofworldwaterscarcity,acampaignistobeinitiatedinyourschooltoadvocatetheprotectionofwaterresources.Discusswithyourpartneranddesignasloganforthecampaign.ActivityThree04AdditionalMaterialsAdditionalMaterialsActivityOneActivityTwoBackgroundInformationDirections:Watchtheclipof"environmentalpollution"againanddubitinEnglish.AcitivityOneDirections:Watercoversover70%oftheearth’ssurfaceandisaveryimportantresourceforpeopleandtheenvironment.Findoutmoreaboutwaterpollutionbydiscussingitwithyourpartners.Usetheinformationyou'vegatheredtofillinthetablebelow.AcitivityTwoQuestionsYourOpinions1.Whatcauseswaterpollution?2.Whatarethedangersofwaterpollution?3.Howtopreventwaterpollution?QuestionsYourOpinions1.Whatcauseswaterpollution?Sewageandwastewater:marinedumping:industrialwaste:radioactivewasteoilpollutionundergroundstorageleakages;atmosphericdeposition;globalwarming…2.Whatarethedangersofwaterpollution?·Heavymetalsfromindustrialprocessescanaccumulateinnearbylakesandrivers.Thesearetoxictomarinelifesuchasfishandshellfish,andsubsequentlytothehumanswhoeatthem.Heavymetalscanslowdevelopmentandresultinbirthdefects.Someareevencarcinogenic.·Industrialwasteoftencontainsmanytoxiccompoundsthatdamagethehealthofaquaticanimalsandthosewhoeatthem.Someofthetoxinsinindustrialwastemayonlyhaveamildeffectwhereasotherscanbefatal.Theycancausesuppressionoftheimmunesystem,reproductivefailureorpoisoning.·Microbialpollutantsfromsewageoftenresultininfectiousdiseasesthatinfectaquaticlifeandterrestrialliethroughdrinkingwater.Microbialwaterpollutionisamajorprobleminthedevelopingworld,withdiseasessuchascholeraandtyphoidfeverbeingtheprimarycauseofinfantmortality.·Organicmatterandnutrientscauseanincreaseinaerobicalgaeanddepleteoxygenfromthewatercolumn.Thiscausesthesuffocationoffishandotheraquaticorganisms.Sulfateparticlesfromacidraincancauseharmtothehealthofmarinelifeintheriversandlakestheycontaminate,andcanresultindeath.·Suspendedparticlesinfreshwaterreducethequalityofdrinkingwaterforhumansandtheaquaticenvironmentformarinelife.Suspendedparticlescanoftenreducetheamountofsunlightpenetratingthewater,disruptingthegrowthofphotosyntheticplantsandmicro-organisms.3.Howtopreventwaterpollution?Conservewaterbyturningoffthetapwhenrunningwaterisnotnecessary.Thishelpspreventwatershortagesandreducestheamountofcontaminatedwaterthatneedstreatment.Becarefulaboutwhatyouthrowdownyoursinkortoilet.Don'tthrowpaints,oilsorotherformsoflitterdownthedrain.Useenvironmentallyfriendlyhouseholdproducts,suchaswashingpowder,householdcleaningagentsandtoiletries.Takegreatcarenottooverusepesticidesandfertilisers.Thiswillpreventrunoffsofthematerialintonearbywatersources.Byhavingmoreplantsinyourgarden,youarepreventingfertiliser,pesticidesandcontaminatedwaterfrom