UnitEightFromHeretoThereInnovationEnglishIntegratedCourseBook1Lead-inAfter-readingTextADetailedstudyofthetextAdditionalMaterialscontent01020304TextA3TeachingSessionsTextB1.5TeachingSessionsListening&Speaking1.5TeachingSessionsExercises2TeachingSessionsSuggestedTeachingSteps01Lead-inLead-inl.TransportationDirections:writeoutthenamesofthedifferentmeansoftransportation.Thenplayaguessinggamewithyourpartnersinwhichonestudentpicksoutonemeansoftransportationanddescribesittothepartners

withoutmentioningitsname,andtheothersmakeaguess.fireengineambulancecarsubwayyachtvancablecartrainscootertruckbusbicycleLead-in2.Strengths&WeaknessesDirections:Differentmeansoftransportationhavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages.

Workingroupsto

findouttherespectivestrengthsandweaknessesofthemeansoftransportationinthetablebelow.02TextATextAIntensiveReadingDetailedstudyoftheTextFromStructuretoTextTextAManygovernmentsarepromotingaboveandundergroundtransitsystemstofightincreasingcongestion.UrbantrainsareappearingeveninthewideexpansesofthewesternUnitedStates,inplaceslikeDallas,aTexascityknownforoilrichesandbigcars."InTexas,wearenotveryusedtoridingatrainaroundthecity.Butactually,DallasandHoustonhavebothstartedlightrailsystems.Itisverypopularinbothcities."ThisiswhatBrewsterMcCracken,acitycouncilmemberintheTexascapital,Austin,says.PublicTransportationExpandsAroundtheWorldTextAItscitizensrecentlyvotedforanewpublictrainsimilartothoseinDallasandHouston.TheAustinplanwilluseexistingrailroadtracksalreadyinplacethroughoutthecity.WhatishappeninginTexasreflectsagrowingtrendelsewhereintheUnitedStates,saysWilliamMillar,presidentoftheAmericanPublicTransportationAssociation."Inthelastseveralyears,publictransportationinAmericahasundergonearenaissance."VotersacrosstheUnitedStatesaresupportingpublictransitsystemsliketheoneinAustin."Whenyoulookatalloftheyear2004,some42outof53referendawerepassed.Itwasnotuncommontenyearsagoformorethanhalfthereferendatofail.Whatitshowsisthatinmanyplaces,thepublicisreadytoinvestinpublictransportation."

TextAButamajorityofAmericansstillcommutebycarandmosttransportationfundsarespentonbuildingroads.AlanPisarskiisatransportationconsultantandauthorofCommutinginAmerica.HesaystheexcitementoverpublictransportationinAmericais"anexpressionofpeople'sfrustration.Thereisalotofdiscomfortandunhappinessaroundthecountryaboutcongestionandabouttransportationservicesingeneral.Ithinkthereisafeelingoftryinganythingthatisgoingtohelp."In1900,manyUScitieshadextensiveurbanrailsystems.Butwiththearrivaloftheautomobile,mostofthemdisappearedbythe1950s.Nowmanycitiesarereturningtowhattheyhad100yearsago.TextAInothercountries,ridingbuses,trainsorsubwaysispartofeverydaylife."ManycountriessupportpublictransportationtoamuchgreaterdegreethanwhathappensintheUnitedStates,particularlyinEurope.Inotherplacesintheworldwithdevelopingcities,thereisatremendousgrowthofinvestmentinpublictransit.InChina,forexample,cityaftercityisbuildingmetrosystems.ThroughoutSoutheastAsia,mostcapitalcitieshavebuiltmajorrailsystemsoverthelasttwoorthreedecades.InSouthAmericanotonlydoweseerailsystemsbeingbuilt,butweseesomeofthemostinnovativeuseofpublictransitbusesanywhereintheworld."Risinglevelsofpollutionfromcarsisalsoleadingtomoreinvestmentinpublictransportation.MikeAshforth,ahistorianofLondon'sundergroundsystem,saysurbantransportcanhelpcitiesdevelopwithoutspoilingtheenvironmentwithexcessivegreenhousegasemissions.TextA"Themainimpactoftheundergroundisthatitcanreducetheamountofsurfacetransport,whichinmanycitiesdependsontheinternalcombustionengine.Theoneadvantagethatelectricallydeliveredurbantransporthasisthatitisrelativelycleanatthepointofdelivery.Itcanalsocarryfarmorepeopleintermsoftheamountofenergyused."Manyanalystssaythegrowthofpublictransportationdoesnotchallengetheautomobilebutratherprovidesanotherchoicetocommuters.Asarisingnumberofpeoplewanttogotoaninfinitenumberofplacesatanytime,publictransportationmaybetheanswer.DetailedStudyFromword&sentencetotextDETAILEDSTUDYOFTHETEXTDetailedStudy1.(Para.1)Manygovernmentsarepromotingaboveandundergroundtransitsystemstofightincreasingcongestion.【譯文】為應對日益嚴重的交通堵塞,很多國家致力于發展地面和地下交通系統。promote

v.1)tohelpsth.tohappenordevelop促(增)進e.g.Fertilizerpromotesleafgrowth.

肥料促進葉子生長。

Greenpeaceworkstopromoteawarenessofthedangersthatthreatenourplanettoday.

綠色和平組織致力于促使人們了解當前威脅地球的危機。2)(～sb.tosth.)tomovesb.toahigherrankormoreseniorjob提(晉)升e.g.Sheworkedhardandwassoonpromotedtomanagement.

她工作努力,很快便被提拔到了管理崗位上。

Thefootballteamwaspromotedtothefirstdivisionafterthewinningseason.

賽季勝出后,該足球隊晉升為甲級隊。DetailedStudy2.(Para.5)WhatishappeninginTexasreflectsagrowingtrendelsewhereintheUnitedStates,saysWilliamMillar,

presidentoftheAmericanPublicTransportationAssociation.【譯文】美國公共交通聯合會會長威廉·米勒說,德克薩斯州的情況反映了美國其他地區的發展趨勢。【解析】Noticethestructure"whatishappeningin…reflectsa…trendin…"（在……發生的……反映了……的趨勢)."WhatishappeninginTexas"isaclauseusedassubject.Thisisausefulstructureforwriting.e.g.What's

happeninginthebigcitiesreflectsthegrowingtrendofpeople's

livingstandards.

大城市的情況反映出人們的生活水平呈上升趨勢。What's

happeningonUScampusesreflectsthegrowingtrendofillegaluseofguns.

在美國校園發生的事件反映了槍支濫用呈上升趨勢。DetailedStudy3.(Para.5)Inthelastseveralyears,publictransportationinAmericahasundergonearenaissance.【譯文】最近幾年里,美國的公共交通經歷了一次復興。undergo

v.

(underwent,undergone)toexperiencesth.,especiallyachangeorsth.unpleasant經歷,經受e.g.Hehadundergonegreathardshipwhenhewasyoung,whichmadehimstronger.

他年輕時經歷過極度的艱辛,因此愈發堅強。

Mymotherunderwentmajorsurgerylastyear.

我母親去年經歷了一次大手術。renaissance

n.

revival再生,復興e.g.Folkmusiciscurrentlyenjoyingarenaissance.

民間音樂現在又流行起來了。DetailedStudy4.(Para.5)Itwasnotuncommontenyearsagoformorethanhalfthereferendatofail.【譯文】而十年前,超過半數的提案被否決是司空見慣的事情。【解析】Noticethedoublenegativestructure"Itwasnotuncommon…".

Byusingthestructurethewritermeanstoemphasizethatthesituationisverycommon.e.g.Weneverseeeachotherwithouttalkingaboutsportsfirst.

我們每次見面,都是先談運動。

Nuclearwarisnotatallimprobableoncethesecountriesgetdesperate.

一旦這些國家孤注一擲,核戰爭就可能發生。DetailedStudy5.(Para.5)Whatitshowsisthatinmanyplaces,thepublicisreadytoinvestinpublictransportation.【譯文】這表明,在很多地方,公眾開始樂于投資公共交通。invest

v.(~sth./insth.)ifagovernment,business,ororganizationinvestsinsth.,theyspendalargeamountofmoneytoimproveitorhelpitsucceed投人(資)e.g.Nowisagoodtimetoinvestinthestockmarket.

目前是投資股市的好時機。

Thegovernmenthasinvestedheavilyinpublictransport.

政府在公共交通方面投人了大量資金。investmentn.theactofinvestingmoneyinsth.投資e.g.Stocksareregardedasgoodlong-terminvestments.

證券被認為是很好的長期投資產品。DetailedStudy6.(Para.6)ButamajorityofAmericansstillcommutebycarandmosttransportationfundsarespentonbuildingroads.【譯文】但大多數美國人仍開車上下班,部分交通基金用于修建公路。majority

n.

(a/the~ofsth.)thelargestpartofagroupofpeopleorthings(大)多數,大部分e.g.AmajorityofpeopleseemtopreferTVtoradio.比起聽收音機,大多數人似乎更喜歡看電視。commute

v.

toravelregularlybybus,train,car,etc.betweenyourplaceofworkandyourhome乘車上下班,通勤e.g.ShecommutesfromoxfordtoLondoneveryday.她每天從牛津到倫敦上班。commutern.

sb.whotravelssomedistancetoworkeveryday通勤者,經常在工作地點與住處之間往返的人e.g.Thefiveo'clocktrainisalwayspackedwithcommuters.五點鐘那趟列車總是擠滿了乘車上下班的人。DetailedStudy7.(Para.6)HesaystheexcitementoverpublictransportationinAmericais"anexpressionofpeople's

frustration."【譯文】他說,美國人對公共交通的熱忱實是"出于一種苦衷"。frustrationn.

thefeelingofbeingannoyed,upset,orimpatient,becauseyoucannotcontrolorchangeasituation,orachievesth.失望,沮喪e.g.Peopleoftenfeelasenseoffrustrationthattheyarenotbeingpromotedquicklyenough.晉升不夠快的人,常常有沮喪感。frustratev.

tomakesb.feelannoyedorimpatientbecausetheycannotdoorachievewhattheywant使沮喪,使灰心e.g.Marywasfrustratedbythelackofappreciationshownforherwork.瑪麗因自己的工作得不到賞識而灰心喪氣。DetailedStudy8.(Para.8)ManycountriessupportpublictransportationtoamuchgreaterdegreethanwhathappensintheUnitedStates,

particularlyinEurope.【譯文】很多國家,尤其是歐洲,對公共交通的支持程度遠遠高于美國。toadegree:partly在一定程度上e.g.Toadegree,itispossibletoeducateoneself.從一定程度上講,自學是可能的。Mostpopmusicisinfluenced,toagreaterorlesserdegree,bytheblues.大多數流行音樂或多或少都受到布魯斯（藍調音樂)的影響。Noticethestructureofcomparativedegree.“much"isusedtoemphasizethecomparativedegree,andotherwordsare“alittle,alot,rather",etc.e.g.Asamanager,heshouldspendmuchmoretimeingoingintothemarket.作為經理,他應花更多時間深入市場。Shelooksmuchmorebeautifulwhenwearingtheskirt.穿上裙子,她看起來漂亮多了。DetailedStudy9.(Para.8)InSouthAmericanotonlydoweseerailsystemsbeingbuilt,butweseesomeofthemostinnovativeuseof

publictransitbusesanywhereintheworld.【譯文】在南美洲,我們不僅看到修建中的鐵路系統,還看到新式公交大巴如在世界其他地方一樣運行。【解析】Noticethestructure“notonly…butalso…"（不但……而且……)combinestwoparallelcomponents.e.g.Franklinwasconsiderednotonlyaninventor,butalsoastatesman.富蘭克林不僅被看作發明家,也被視為政治家。Thenursewasnotonlycompetentbutalsokind.這位護士不僅能干,而且和藹。當“notonly"放在句首的時候,句子要倒裝。e.g.Notonlydoestelevisionappealtothosewhocanreadbuttothosewhocan,t.電視不僅吸引會閱讀的人,而且也吸引不會閱讀的人。Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.他不僅作出了許諾,而且履行了諾言。DetailedStudy10.(Para.9)Urbantransportcanhelpcitiesdevelopwithoutspoilingtheenvironmentwithexcessivegreenhousegas

emissions.【譯文】城市公共交通有助于城市發展,不至因排放過多廢氣而破壞環境。spoil

v.1)todamage,toreducethevalueofsth.損(破)壞,損害e.g.Thenewroadhascompletelyspoiledthecharacterofthevillage.新修的道路徹底毀掉了那個村莊的特色。2)togiveachildeverythingthattheyaskforandnotenoughdisciplineinawaythatithasabadeffectontheircharacterandbehavior嬌慣,寵壞,溺愛(孩子)e.g.She'sanonlychild,buttheydidn'treallyspoilher.她是獨生女,但他們并不溺愛她。excessiveadj.muchmorethanisreasonableornecessary過度(量,多)的e.g.Theycomplainedabouttheexcessivenoisecomingfromtheupstairsflat.他們抱怨樓上公寓的噪音過大。Excessivedrinkingcanleadtostomachdisorders.飲酒過度可能導致胃功能紊亂。DetailedStudy11.(Para.9)Themainimpactoftheundergroundisthatitcanreducetheamountofsurfacetransport,whichinmanycitiesdependsontheinternalcombustionengine.【譯文】在很多城市,地面交通工具有賴內燃機提供動力。而地鐵的主要作用就在于,它可以減少地面交通流量。impact1)n.(~on/uponsb./sth.)theeffectorinfluencethatanevent,situation,etc.hasonsb.orsth.影響,沖擊e.g.Herspeechhadaprofoundimpactoneveryone.她的演說對大家影響深遠。2)v.(~on/uponsth.)tohaveaneffectonsth.對某事物有影響e.g.Herfather'sdeathimpactedgreatlyonherchildhoodyears.父親去世對她的童年產生了巨大的影響。TheFoodSafetyActwillcertainlyimpactthewayfoodbusinessesoperate.《食物安全法》無疑會對食品企業的經營方式產生影響。DetailedStudy12.(Para.9)Itcanalsocarryfarmorepeopleintermsoftheamountofenergyused.【譯文】在消耗相同能量的情況下,它可以搭載的乘客比其他交通工具多得多。intermsof…:usedwhenyouarereferringtoaparticularaspectofsth.在……方面,以……形式e.g.Thefiguresareexpressedintermsofapercentage.那些數字是以百分數表示的。Heisrichintermsofmoney,butnotintermsofhappiness.他在金錢上很富有,但他并不幸福。Notice“far"isusedtoemphasize“comparativedegree".e.g.Thisriverisfardeeperthanthatone.這條河比那條河深得多。Notice“used"isapastparticipleusedtomodify“theamountofenergy".e.g.Herefusedtodrinktheorangejuiceofferedinthatrestaurant.他拒絕喝那家餐館提供的橙汁。DetailedStudy13.(Para.10)Manyanalystssaythegrowthofpublictransportationdoesnotchallengetheautomobilebutratherprovidesanotherchoicetocommuters.【譯文】很多分析人士指出,公共交通的發展并未給汽車帶來挑戰,而只是給通勤者提供了另一選擇。challengev.1)toquestionwhetherastatementoranactionisright,legal,etc.,todispute質疑e.g.Thisnewdiscoverychallengestraditionalbeliefs.這項新的發現對傳統觀念提出了質疑。2)(~sb.tosth.)toinvitesb.toenteracompetition,fight,etc.邀請參加比賽,挑戰e.g.Mikechallengedmetoagameofchess.邁克邀我來一盤國際象棋比賽。challenge

n.

sth.thattestsstrength,skill,orability,especiallyinawaythatisinteresting挑戰e.g.Therolewillbethebiggestchallengeofhisactingcareer.這個角色將是他演藝生涯中最大的挑戰。Notethestructure“not…but…”(不是……而是……)e.g.Heisnotateacher,butastudent.他不是老師，是學生。StructureStudyFromstructuretotextSTRUCTURESTUDYSummaryoftheTextDirections:Fillintheblankswithappropriatewordsfromthetext.After-readingManygovernmentsarepromotingaboveandundergroundtransitsystemstofightincreasingcongestion.Urbantrainsareappearinginthewide1)

expanses

ofthewesternUnitedstates.Recently,citizensinAustin,thecapitalofTexas,2)

voted

foranewpublictrainprogramsimilartothatinDallas,whichwilluseexistingrailroadtracksalreadyinplace3)

throughout

thecity.whatishappeninginTexasreflectsagrowing4)

trend

elsewhereintheUnitedstates—inmanyplaces,thepublicisreadytoinvestinpublictransportation.However,amajorityofAmericansstill5)

commute

bycarandmosttransportationfundsarespentonbuildingroads.Inothercountries,ridingbuses,trainsor6)

subways

ispartofeverydaylifeandthereisatremendousgrowthofinvestmentinpublictransit.Urbantransportcanhelpcitiesdevelopwithout7)

spoiling

theenvironmentwithexcessive8)

greenhouse

gasemissionsbecauseelectricallydeliveredurbantransportis9)relatively

cleananditcanalsocarryfarmorepeopleintermsoftheamountofenergyused.Infact,thegrowthofpublictransportationdoesnot10)challenge

theautomobilebutratherprovidesanotherchoicetocommuters.Directions:Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachsentenceoranswerseachquestion.1))WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A)Manygovernmentsarepromotingcarstofightincreasingcongestion.B)PeopleinTexasarequiteusedtoridingatrainaroundthecity.C)Developingcitiespaygreatattentiontobuildingpublictransitsystems.D)Publictransportationwillreplacetheautomobile.2)Thepublicisreadytoinvestinpublictransportation,because_________.A)itisawaytofightincreasingcongestionB)itisquiteprofitableC)moreandmorepeoplewanttoinvestinsomethingD)itiscomfortableCADirections:Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachsentenceoranswerseachguestion.

3)Accordingtothepassage,whatisanotheradvantageofpublictransportation?A)Itcanproduceexcessivegreenhousegas.B)Itcanmakeuseofmorepower.C)Itcancarrypeopletodifferentplaces.D)Itprotectstheenvironment.4)Whatisthemainimpactofanundergroundtransitsystem?A)Itproduceslessnoise.B)Itproduceslessgreenhousegas.C)Itcanreducesurfacetransport.D)Itcanreducesurfaceenvironmentalpollution.

DCDirections:Choosetheonethatbestcompleteseachsentenceoranswerseachguestion.

5)Whatisthepossibleresultofdevelopingpublictransportation?A)Morepeoplecangotodifferentplacesatanytime.B)Lessharmfulwastewillbeproduced.C)Therewillbefewertrafficjams.D)Alloftheabove.D03After-readingAfter-reading點擊此處輸入文字內容KeystoExercisesAfter-readingActivityKeystoExercisesVocabulary1.1)E

2)H3)B4)G5)I

6)J

7)A

8)D9)F10)C2.1)innovative2)reflect3)promote4)congestion5)tremendous6)intermsof7)infinite/tremendous8)Excessive9)expanse10)urban

11)undergoing12)internal13)impact14)majority15)consultant3.1)ThescientistdeliveredatelevisedspeechtothenationonNov.5.2)Herideasarequitesimilartomine.3)Thecountryhasundergonemassivechangesrecently.4)Ourcampingtripwasspoiledbythebadweather.5)Heinvestedhislifesavingsinhisdaughter'sbusiness.6)InAmerica,votestochoosepresidentsareheldeveryfouryears.7)Sheisrichintermsofmoney,butnotintermsofhappiness.8)Lately,therehasbeenatrendtowardshiringyounger,cheaperemployees.Structure1)itisnotimpossibletofinishtheworkbeforetheendofthemonth.2)Itisnotimpossibleforyoutobecomeatopstudent.3)itisnotuncommonforstudentstohaveafriendlyrelationshipwiththeirteachers.4)e-mailisnotsuchanunusualword.

5)isnotunrelatedtohisineffectivelearningmethod.2.1)Thetablewasnotpaintedbutpolished.2）Ididnotcriticizetheacting,notbecauseIwasreluctanttosaywhatIthoughtbutbecauseIreallydidnotfeelcompetenttodoso.

3）Thecompanyisnotownedandcontrolledbyyoubutbyyouremployer.4）Theproblemisnottheirlackoffunding,butrathertheirlackofplanning.

5）Whatreallymattersisnotwhatyousay,butwhatyoudo.

Cloze1）reversing2)limit3)vary4)otherwise5)switch6)rigidly7)drivers8)wearing9)bear10)coverTranslation1)為應對日益嚴重的交通堵塞,很多國家致力于發展地面和地下交通系統。2)但絕大多數美國人仍開車上下班,大部分交通基金用于道路的修建。3)很多國家,尤其是歐洲,對公共交通的支持程度遠遠高于美國。4)汽車尾氣導致的污染問題日益嚴重,這也使得更多的投資流向公共交通。5)此外,在消耗相同能量的情況下,它可以搭載的乘客比其他交通工具多得多。Directions:Breakupintopairsandrole-playthegivensituationbasedonthemap.Situation:StudentAplanstowalktotheBankofChinatowithdrawsomemoney,andthengoshoppingintheshoppingcenter.However,he/shehasnoideaofhowtogetthere.He/sheasksstudentB,thereceptionistatthetheater,fordirections.After-readingActivityAfter-readingActivityTips:AskingfordirectionsExcuseme,wouldyoupleasetellmehowtogetto

?Excuseme,howcanIgetto

?Iwonderifyoucouldtellmewhere

is?Excuseme,couldyoupleaseshowmethewayto.?GivingdirectionsSure,walkup

Streetto

Streetandturnright.Drivedown

Avenueto

Avenueandturnleft.Drivenorthalong

Streettilltheintersection.Goalong

Roadto

Roadandthengoacrosstheroad.Gostraightaheadtillyousee

.

isjusttotheleftofit.Directions:Somepeopleenjoytravelingbyair,somereallylikeridingontrains,andothersmaychoosetogoonanoceancruise.Whichofthementionedmeansoftransportisyourfavorite?Explainyourchoice.Tipsforyou:Whenyoutalkaboutyourfavoritemeansoftransport,youmayinclude:1)itsadvantages:2)someexamplessupportingyouridea.After-readingActivityDirections:Breakupintofour-membergroups.Eachstudentinthegroupshouldtalkaboutwaystosolvetrafficjamsfromoneofthefollowingaspects.Student1:DevelopingpublictransportationStudent2:LimitingtheuseofprivatecarsStudent3:Implementing(實施)flexibleworkinghoursStudent4:ConstructingsubwaysAfter-readingActivityDirections:Giventheincreasinglyseriousconditionoftrafficandtransportationallovertheworld,feasiblemeasuresneedtobetakentoeasetrafficcongestion.Useyourimaginationtothinkofseveralwaystosolvetheproblem.Theaspectsyouneedtotakeintoconsiderationarelistedbelow.1)Thelayoutoffutureroadnetworks2)Thedesigno