1/8UNIT5單元主題訓練課時作業(yè)(一)語篇閱讀訓練——保準度Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2025·南通模擬)WorkingatabankinNewYorkCityinthemid-2010s,AnnaSackswasnotlivingthelifeshewanted.Sure,shewashappy.Butshewantedtodosomethingthatfeltimportant.Somepeopleseekingmeaningmightreadaself-helpbookorperhapsvolunteerafewhoursaweek.SackspackedupherlifeandmovedtoConnecticuttoparticipateinAdamah,afarmingprogramthatfocusesonsustainablelivingandgrowingsustainablefood.WhenshereturnedtoNewYork,herlifewaswithanewpurposeandmanynewskillstomakeherdreamsareality.“OneofthethingsthatreallystuckwithmefromAdamahwashowlittlewastetheyproducedandhowtheyhandledthewastetheydidhave,primarilythroughcomposting(堆肥)，”shesays.TheAdamahprogramopenedSacks'eyestothedamageconsumercultureisdoingonalocal,national,andgloballevel,andtheneedtofindsolutions.Soin2017,shebeganwhatshecalls“trashwalking”．Duringtoursaroundhercommunity,Sackspicksthroughgarbagetolookforreusableitems.Soon,her“trashwalking”expandedtoincludecorporatetrashalongwithresidentialtrash.Surprisingly,shediscoveredawiderangeofreallygreatstuff-likeclothing,decorations,andfood—allofwhichshedocumentsonthesocialplatform.UnderthenameofTheTrashWalker,Sacksquicklygainedpopularityforhervideosthathighlighttheproblemswithconsumerism.“Therootissueisoverproduction,whichleadstooverconsumption,whichleadstoalargeamountofwaste，”shesays.Thefactis,companiesoftenchoosetotrashitemsratherthangivethemawaytopeoplewhomightneedthem.Abigreasonforthiswasteisthewayourcurrenttaxlawsarestructured,Sackssays.Sellerswhodestroygoodscanclaimthecostasalossontheirtaxesandberefunded.Iftheygiveawaygoods,theycanclaimonlyasmallamountasacharitablereductionontheirtaxes.Sacks'mainfocusissimplygettingpeopletopayattentiontohowmanyunnecessarythingstheybuyandthenthrowaway.“Onceyoubecomeawareofthewayyouconsume,youcanseewaysyouimprove，”shesays.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AnnaSacks參加農業(yè)項目Adamah的經歷。她通過學習可持續(xù)生活和種植可持續(xù)食物，改變了生活目標和技能。同時，她也希望引起人們對于過度購買和浪費的關注，從而作出改變。1．WhydidAnnaSacksleaveNewYork?A．Tolearnhowtogrowfood.B．Topursueamoremeaningfullife.C．Torealizeherdreamasavolunteer.D．Toaccepttheinvitationfromaprogram.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“Workingatabank...thatfeltimportant.”以及第二段“Somepeopleseekingmeaning...growingsustainablefood.”可知，AnnaSacks離開紐約是因為她想過更有意義的生活。故選B。2．WhatimpressedAnnaSacksmostabouttheAdamahprogram?A．Thesignificanceoftrashwalking.B．Thehardtruthofconsumerculture.C．Thesustainablefoodpeopleproduced.D．Thewaypeopletheredealtwiththewaste.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“‘Oneofthethings...throughcomposting(堆肥)，’shesays.”可知，那里的人們處理廢物的方式給AnnaSacks留下了最深的印象。故選D。3．Whatmakescompaniesprefertothrowoutgoodsastrash?A．Thetaxrefund.B．Thetaxreduction.C．Theoverproduction.D．Thepoorqualityofgoods.解析：選A細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中“Thefactis,companies...Sackssays.Sellerswhodestroygoodscanclaimthecostasalossontheirtaxesandberefunded.”可知，退稅讓公司更愿意把商品當垃圾扔掉。4．WhatcanwelearnfromAnnaSacks'story?A．Consumercultureaccountsforwasting.B．Corporatetrashoutweighsresidentialtrash.C．Turningtofarmingleadstosustainableliving.D．Trashwalkingisthekeytobecomingwealthy.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據最后一段并通讀全文可知，AnnaSacks的故事告訴我們，消費文化導致了過度生產、過度消費和大量的浪費。BErikKobayashi-SolomonspentadaywithDrPaulGauthier,aplantphysiologistspecializinginverticalfarmingresearchandcameupwithseveralimportantideasaboutverticalfarming.Humanshave12,000yearsofexperiencegrowingfood,butonlyageneration'sorsoworthofexperiencegrowingcropsindoors.Wearestillprogressingupthetechnologylearningcurve(學習曲線).What'smore,traditionalfarmingtechniquesarebasedonconditionsthatarenotapplicabletoverticalfarming.Therefore,withouttakingtimetounderstandthescience,verticalfarmingisnotlikelytobeabletoliveuptoitsimpliedpromises.ThecostofpoweringLEDgrowlightsisoneofthebiggestproblemsaverticalfarmmustovercome.DrLouisAlbrightatCornellUniversityhascharacterizedverticalfarmsas“pie-in-the-sky”businesses.Hefamouslycalculates,forinstance,thatthecostofaloafofbreadwouldbeD|S24iffarmedindoors—thecostistoohigh.Gauthieracknowledgesthatenergypricesarehighbutpointsoutthatscientificworkhasshownthatonlyabout6%ofavailablesunlightisusedincropphotosynthesis(光合作用),sotheremaybewaysofgrowingthesameplantswithlesslight.Gauthieralsopointsoutthatwhileenergycostsareabithigh,verticalfarmingdoescreatehighefficienciesinotherareas.Waterusagemaybesignificantlyreducedbecausethesamewatercanberecycledtimeandagain.Fertilizerusecanbegreatlyreducedandpesticidesforpestcontrolareunnecessary.It'sclearthatverticalfarmingoffersrealvaluetosociety.Thefutureisprobablymixed.Insomeenvironments—theMiddleEast,forinstance—amovetoverticalfarmingisano-brainer.AnindoorfarminSaudiArabia,forinstance,canusesolarenergytopowerLEDsatlowcostwithoutshadingoutotherfarmland.Inothergeography,though,theexpenseofestablishingafacilityplacesahighbartogrowthandprofitability.Alargeverticalfarmingandequipmentoperationonlystartedgeneratingasmallprofiteightyearsintoitsnine-yearlife.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了垂直農場的相關信息以及有關垂直農場應用價值的不同看法。5．WhatcanweinferaboutverticalfarminginParagraph2?A．Itwillreplacetraditionalfarmingoneday.B．Itreliesonresearchofmorebasicscience.C．Itcanbeapplicabletodifferentconditions.D．Itactuallycameintobeing12,000yearsago.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“What'smore,traditionalfarming...itsimpliedpromises.”可知，垂直農業(yè)依賴于更多基礎科學的研究。故選B項。6．WhatdoesDrAlbrightthinkofverticalfarms?A．Theyuselesslightthantraditionalones.B．Theymayseemveryunlikelytosucceed.C．Theycanovercomemanyproblemsinfarming.D．Theydonotneedanynaturalsunlightanylonger.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據第三段前兩句可知，為LED植物生長燈供電的成本是垂直農場必須克服的最大問題之一。康奈爾大學的路易斯·奧爾布賴特博士將垂直農場描述為“空中樓閣”的生意。由此可知，奧爾布賴特博士認為垂直農業(yè)似乎不太可能成功。故選B項。7．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thewaysofreducingcostsofverticalfarming.B．Thesecretsofdevelopingverticalfarming.C．Therecenttrendofverticalfarming.D．Thebenefitsofverticalfarming.解析：選D段落大意題。根據第四段最后一句可知，這一段講述了垂直農業(yè)的好處。故選D項。8．Whyistheexampleof“anindoorfarminSaudiArabia”mentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Toshowverticalfarmingcanworkwellinsomeplaces.B．ToprovesolarenergyisvitalforfarminginSaudiArabia.C．Toconfirmtheexpenseofsettingupaverticalfarmishigh.D．Toarguevegetablesdonotneedtobeimportedanylonger.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“Anindoorfarm...growthandprofitability.”可知，文中提到這一實例是為了說明垂直農業(yè)系統(tǒng)在某些地方可以很好地運作。故選A項。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Includingchildreninthefarminglifestylehasmanybenefits.Sure,itisnicetohavetheadditionalhelpwithchores(家庭雜務),butitalsofosterssomuchgrowth,sendingourkidsdownagoodpathtowardswhotheywillsomedaybecome.Itispossiblethatourchildrenwillgrowuptoleadlivesthatdonotincludefarming.__9__Throughcaringforfarmanimals,kidslearnthatinlifeothersoftencomebeforeself.__10__Itdoesn'tmatterifwedon'tfeellikeitorifwearesickandtired.Whatmattersisthatwetakecareoftheanimalsthattakecareofusanddosoinatimelymanner.__11__Iftheworkonafarmdoesnotgetdone,theoperationfails.Ittakesdisciplineandcommitmenttogetdowntobusinesseveryday,andseeingthisinactionwillgivekidsagoodworkattitude.Theywillknowandunderstandthatnothinggoodcomeseasyandthattheyhavetoworktosurvive.__12__Functioningaspartofaproductiveteamwillsurelybeplayingacrucialrolesoonerorlaterinallwalksoflife.Additionally,farmingteachespatience.__13__Cattlewillbedifficulttocontrol.Horseswillrunawaywhenyoutrytocatchthem.Goatswillkickoverthatbucketofhard-earnedmilk.Aroosterwilldecideyougottooclosetohishensandgiveyouarunforyourmoney.Inspiteofallthat,kidswilllearntobepatientandtakethingseasy.Theremaynotbeanyinstantreward,butinthelong-termkidswillseethebenefitofalltheireffortsduringthoseharddays.A．Atthesametime,theylearntoworkwithothers.B．Farmlifealsoteacheskidsthevalueofhardwork.C．Childrenlearntobegratefulforanimalsforeatingpurpose.D．Teamworkisnolongeranimportantskilltodevelopanduse.E．Therearegoingtobealotofdayswhenthingsdonotgoyourway.F．However,whattheylearnonafarmcanalsobeinstrumentalintheirfuturelives.G．Animalsneedtobefed,watered,andcaredforbeforewegettositdownandrelax.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了孩子們參與農場生活的益處。9．選F根據本段第一句可知，讓孩子們參與到農場生活中有很多好處；根據空格前一句可知，我們的孩子長大后可能不再需要干農活。下文介紹了農場生活給孩子帶來的好處。F項承上啟下，符合語境。10．選G根據空格前一句可知，通過照顧農場里的動物，孩子們了解到：在生活中，別人往往比自己重要。G項與上文緊密銜接，符合語境。11．選B根據空格后一句可知，如果農場的工作沒有完成，活動就是失敗的。B項能夠引出下文，符合語境。12．選A根據空格后一句可知，作為一個高效運轉的團隊的一部分，遲早會在各行各業(yè)中發(fā)揮重要作用。A項與下文緊密銜接，符合語境。13．選E空格后列舉了幾個在農場勞作時可能會遇到的麻煩。E項能夠引出下文，符合語境。Ⅲ.完形填空FarmingandGardeningAround540AD,JiaSixiewroteabookcalledQiminYaoshu.Itincludesadviceonthefollowing__14__：growinggreenvegetablesandfruittrees,keepinganimals,andfishinlakes.Therearealso__15__formakingwine.JiaSixie'sbookisa(n)__16__guideforfarming.Ifyousowseedsand__17__youngplantsinthefieldsatthecorrecttimeoftheyear,yourworkwillbelessand__18__willbebetter.Butifyou__19__natureanddothingsatthewrongtimeoftheyear,youwillhavetodomoreworkandtheresultswillnotbesogood.The__20__ofthesoilisalsoveryimportant.Examinethesoilonyourfarm__21__.Beforesowingorplantingcrops,youmustcleanroughgroundand__22__weeds.Letsheeporcowswalkonthelandto__23__theweedsoreatthem.Thebestharvestisreached__24__farmerschangethecropsintheirfields.Forexample,donotplantrice__25__inthesamefieldoryouwon't__26__goodcrops.Otherscientistssaidwheatshouldbeplantedwith__27__betweentheplants,butJiadidexperimentsand__28__plantingwheatclosetogetherisbetter.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了我國古代農業(yè)科學家賈思勰對我國古代農業(yè)的研究和貢獻。他的耕種方法對我國古代農業(yè)起了重要的指導作用。14．A.programs B．topicsC．subjects D．events解析：選C從語境來看，本句的下文介紹了一些具體的課題，如種菜、養(yǎng)動物等，因此選subject(科目，課題)。15．A.instructions B．constructionsC．measures D．treasures解析：選Ainstructions在此處表示造酒的“指導，說明”。16．A.economical B．practicalC．similar D．regular解析：選Bpracticalguide意為“切實可行的指導”。17．A.drop B．increaseC．grow D．throw解析：選Cgrowyoungplants意為“種植幼苗”。18．A.dreams B．endingC．hope D．results解析：選Dresult與空格前面的“yourworkwillbeless”相對應，表示“工作投入少，而結果更好”。19．A.argueagainst B．goagainstC．competewith D．dealwith解析：選Bgoagainstnature意為“違背自然(規(guī)律)”，符合語境。20．A.application B．situationC．condition D．addition解析：選Ctheconditionofthesoil表示“土壤的狀況”。21．A.successfully B．carefullyC．gradually D．frequently解析：選B前句指出土壤狀況很重要，本句說明要細心、仔細地檢查土壤，因此選carefully。22．A.remove B．pullC．kill D．reduce解析：選A本句告訴讀者，種莊稼之前需要平整土地和除草，removeweeds意為“清除雜草”。23．A.destroy B．preventC．divide D．limit解析：選A讓牛羊在地里走是為了摧毀雜草或者吃掉雜草，故選destroy。24．A.unless B．ifC．until D．when解析：選D最好的收成是當農民在他們的田地里換農作物的時候。因此選when。25．A.oneafteranother B．hereandthereC．nowandthen D．yearafteryear解析：選Dyearafteryear意為“年復一年”，此處表示“不在同一塊地里年復一年地種同一種莊稼”。26．A.win B．collectC．harvest D．plant解析：選C此處表示“如果每年換種不同的莊稼就會有好收成”。harvestgoodcrops意為“收成好”。27．A.holes B．linesC．space D．balance解析：選C此處表示“種植小麥時，株與株之間要留有空間”，因此選space。28．A.showed B．meantC．intended D．decided解析：選A前面有“Jiadidexperiments”，因此后面應是實驗結果“證明，表明”，因此選showed。Ⅳ.語法填空Anewstudyshowsthat__1__twocountrieswiththeworld's__2__(large)populationsareleadingtheincreaseingreeningonland.Theeffectcomes__3__(main)fromambitioustreeplantingprogramsinChinaandagricultureinbothcountries.Chinaaloneaccounts__4__25%oftheglobalincreaseinleafarea,butcontainsonly6.6%ofgloballandareacoveredinvegetation(植物).ThegreeninginChinaisfromforests(42%)andcroplands(32%)．China'soutsized__5__(contribute)comesinlargepartfromprograms__6__(protect)andexpandforests.Theseprogramsweredevelopedinanefforttoreducetheeffectsofsoilerosion(侵蝕),airpollutionandclimatechange.Takenalltogether,thegreeningoftheplanetrepresentsanincreaseinleafareaofplantsandtreesequaltothearea__7__iscoveredbyalloftheAmazonrainforest.Thelandarea__8__(use)togrowcropsiscomparableinChinaandIndiaandit__9__(change)verylittlesincetheearly2,000s.Yetthecountrieshavegreatlyincreasedboththeirannualtotalgreenleafarea__10__theirfoodproduction.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了世界上兩個人口大國——中國和印度——在改善土地綠化方面處于領先地位，其主要原因在于中國宏偉的植樹計劃和兩國的農業(yè)。1．the考查冠詞。此處特指“世界上兩個人口最多的國家”，twocountries后有介詞短語withtheworld's...修飾，其前要加定冠詞，故填the。2．largest考查形容詞的最高級。此處表示“世界范圍內最多的”，故填最高級largest。3．mainly考查副詞。此空修飾動詞短語comesfrom，應用