選擇性必修第四冊UNIT1SCIENCEFICTION核心單詞閱讀詞匯1.bonusn.意外收獲；獎金；紅利2.integrityn.誠實正直；完整；完好3.nailn.指甲；趾甲；釘子vt.(用釘子)釘牢；固定4.laddern.梯子；階梯5.rumourn.謠言；傳聞6.presumevt.&vi.假設；假定7.faren.車費；船費；飛機票價8.chairwomann.女主席；女董事長；女委員長9.grammen.克(重量單位)10.flourn.面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉11.venuen.活動場地(如音樂廳、會場等)12.alienn.外星人(生物)；外國人adj.陌生的；外星的；外國的13.blurredadj.模糊不清的；難以區分的14.leathern.皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套15.levern.操縱桿；杠桿16.paneln.控制板；儀表盤；專家咨詢組17.backwardsadv.向后；倒著；往回18.hazyadj.模糊的；朦朧的；困惑的19.handkerchiefn.手帕；紙巾20.lampn.燈；臺燈21.puffn.(煙、氣等的)一縷；少量；喘息22.joltn.震動；搖晃；顛簸vt.&vi.(使)震動：搖晃23.flipvt.&vi.(使)快速翻轉；(用手指)輕拋24.stunvt.使震驚；使昏迷25.overstatementn.夸大；夸張fictionridiculousdignitysalary

高頻詞匯1.________n.小說：虛構的事2.________adj.愚蠢的；荒謬的；荒唐的3.________n.莊重；莊嚴；尊嚴4.________n.薪水；薪金absurdguilty5.________adj.荒謬的；荒唐的6.________adj.內疚的；有罪的；有過失的7.________vt.懸；掛；暫停；暫緩8.________vt.讓(某人)離開；解散；解雇；消除9.________conj.然而；但是；盡管10.________adj.每周的n.周刊suspenddismiss11._________adj.更好的；占優勢的；(在級別或重要性上)更高的whereasweeklysuperiorlabour12.________n.勞動(者)；體力勞動vi.奮斗；努力工作13.________n.英寸(長度單位，等于2.54厘米)inch14.________vt.&vi.緊握；抓緊15.________vt.(去)拿來；(去)請來16.________n.速度；步伐；節奏vt.&vi.確定速度；調整節奏gripfetchpacerandom17.________adj.隨機的；不可思議的

拓展詞匯1.________vt.任命；委派→appointmentn.預約；約會；委任2.saleswomann.女售貨員；女推銷員→________n.售貨員；推銷員appointsalesmandeclare3.________vt.表明；宣稱；公布→declarationn.宣告；宣言；宣布calculationcalculatoraction

4.calculatevt.計算；核算；預測→_____________n.計算→_____________n.計算器

5.inactionn.無行動；不采取措施→________n.行動；行為6.niecen.侄女；外甥女→________n.侄子；外甥7.________vi.&vt.劃分；分割；分配；分開→divisionn.分開；分隔；差異；除(法)nephewdivide8.urgen.強烈的欲望；沖動vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦→________adj.急迫的；迫切的；緊急的→________n.急迫性9.maximumadj.最大極限的n.最大量；最大限度→________adj.最小極限的n.最小量；最小限度urgenturgency10.explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→________n.爆炸；爆發；激增11.mudn.泥；泥漿→________adj.泥濘的；多泥的minimumexplosionmuddy

熟詞生義

1.labour

【熟義】n.勞動(者)；體力勞動vi.奮斗；努力工作

【生義】vi.艱難地做

【典例】Sheislabouringunderanunfairdisadvantage.她在不公平的劣勢下艱難地工作。2.explode【熟義】vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破【生義】vi.(情感)

迸發【典例】“Whathappened！”Iexploded.“出什么事了！”我情緒爆發了。outmoreonandtoover

重點短語1.test________檢驗；測試2.________like更像是；更接近3.________a...basis根據；以……的方式(基準)4.pros________cons事物的利與弊；支持與反對5.superior________比……更好；更勝一籌6.take________占上風；取而代之；接管；接手withoutawayan7.conflict________與……沖突或抵觸8.turn________關掉；熄滅；在場；使朝外；結果是9.fall________(逐漸)減少；消失10.have________urgeto有強烈的欲望做某事精選佳句教材原句wasbeingsensitive

1.Tonytoldhershe________________________andwasjustasgoodasGladys.托尼對克萊爾說，她這樣想有點敏感，其實她就像格拉迪斯一樣好。

句式結構

句式1：bebeing＋adj.為進行時結構，是強調形容詞的一種形式教材原句invite

2.Hesuggestedthatshe________GladysandherfriendstothehousethenightbeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn.他建議她邀請格拉迪斯和她的朋友來家里，在他離開和拉里回來的前一天晚上。

句式結構

句式2：suggest引導賓語從句時，從句用虛擬語氣教材原句thatandthat

3.Sheheardhimdeclare________hedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday,________________hefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她聽見他說他明天不想離開她，他感覺到的不僅僅是想讓她高興。

句式結構

句式3：動詞declare后接賓語從句，第一個賓語從句中的that可以省略，而第二個that不可以省略Itwasatteno'clocktodaythat

教材原句

4.________________________________________________________thefirstofallTimeMachinesbeganitscareer.今天十點鐘，第一臺時間機器開始了它的工作。

句式結構

句式4：itis/was...that...為強調句句型教材原句Asmypacegrewfaster

5.________________________________________,thewallsofthelaboratoryfellaway,andIwasleftintheopenair.隨著我的步伐加快，實驗室的墻壁消失了，我被留在了戶外。

句式結構

句式5：as意為“隨著……”時，引導時間狀語從句課文復現

AhouseholdrobotnamedTonywasgoingtobetested1._______inafamilybyClaire.Clairedidn'tliketheideaatthebeginning,butsheagreedtoitatlast.AtherfirstsightofTony,Clairewas2._______(alarm),fortherobotseemedmorelikeahuman3._______amachine,handsomewithsmoothhairandadeepvoice.WhenTonyoffered4.___________(help)herdressing,Clairefeltembarrassed.Clairecomplainedthatshewasn'tcleversoTonyshowedsympathyforher,whichshethoughtwasridiculous.5.______________(gradual),TonyoutalarmedthantohelpGraduallybegantowinClaire'strust.Asafavour,TonyhelpedClairemakeherselfsmarterandherhomemoreelegant.In6.________expensiveclothesshop,whenthesaleswomanwasrudetoher,she7.________(ring)Tonyupforhelp.TonymadethewomanchangeherattitudeandClairethankedTony,8.________(say)thathewasa“dear”.However,ClairesawthatGladysClaffernwasalsothereandClairefelt9.________(guilt).Claireweptafterarrivinghomeandtocomforther,Tonysuggestedshe10.____________(invite)Gladysandherfriendstothehousewhichwouldhavebeencompletelytransformedbythen.anrangsayingguilty(should)inviteappointedguilty

1.Tomygreatsorrow,mygirlfrienddidn'tturnupatthe_______(appoint)time. 2.MymindwentblankandIfelt________(guilt)aboutnotansweringthequestioncorrectly.willbedismissed

3.Thechairwomanhasdeclaredthat100workers_____________(dismiss)beforethedeadline—June10.4.TheyreciteTangpoems________aregularbasisandthus，theyaregoodatChinese.onisexplosion

5.Amongthecrisisthathumansarefacing________(be)thelackofnaturalresources. 6.Thereasonforthe________(explode)isnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits,butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.to

7.Ofthetwoformats,Ithinkthisoneissuperior________theotherone.8.Theboyshowsnosympathyforotherstudentsandoftenconflicts________them.with9.Asasciencestudent,Ineverfeltanurge_______________(appreciate)anyliteraryworks.toappreciatecalculations

10.(2020·新課標Ⅰ卷)Accordingtomost_________(calculate),racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800caloriesperhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking.1.appointmentn.預約；約會；委任【典例】①Hisappointmentmadeeveryoneveryhappy.他的任命使大家很高興。

②MyteachermadeasuggestionthatIshouldapologisetoyouforfailingtokeeptheappointment.我的老師建議我為沒能赴約向你道歉。【歸納】takeupanappointmentas...擔任……(職務)make/have/fixanappointmentwithsb.和某人約會keep/breakanappointment守約/違約【拓展】(1)appointvt.約定；確定(時間、地點等)；任命；委派appointsb.(as/tobe)...任命某人(為……)appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事appointadate/placeforsth.為某事約定好日期/地點(2)appointedadj.指定的；約定的【即學即用】單句語法填空appointmentappointed

(1)Ihavean___________(appoint)withDrSmith,butIneedtochangeit. (2)Mymotherdidn'tturnupatthe________(appoint)time;thatis,shebrokeanappointment.

完成句子，每空一詞

(3)他被任命為我們的班長，這是令人信服的。

______________________________________________isconvincing.Hisappointmentasourmonitorwasappointedtotakechargeof

(4)我被任命負責安排那天的所有活動。

I________________________________________________arrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday. (5)羅伯特和戲劇俱樂部的領導約好了見面。

Roberthad________________________________theheadoftheDramaClub.madeanappointmentwith2.declarevt.表明；宣稱；公布【典例】

①InSeptember1939,BritaindeclaredwaronGermanyafterGermanyinvadedPoland.1939年9月，德國入侵波蘭后，英國向德國宣戰。②Theareahasbeendeclaredtobeanationalpark.該地區已被宣布為國家公園。

③Ourcountryhaddeclaredagainstanywarbetweenthetwocountries,whichwillbeannouncedtothenation.我國已經宣布反對兩國之間的任何戰爭，這將向全國宣布。【歸納】declarewar(on...)(向……)宣戰declarefor/againstsb./sth.表示贊成/反對某人/某物declaresb./sth.tobe/as...宣布某人/某事為……declareoneself＋adj.宣稱自己……Itis/wasdeclaredthat...據宣布……單詞用法declare通常指正式、明確地向公眾“宣布；宣告；聲明”。側重“當眾”發表，多用于宣戰、議和、宣判等，往往帶有權威性，其后可接復合賓語announce指正式地“公開；發表；宣布”，側重“預告”人們所關心或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞之類的消息。當其后接間接賓語時，要在間接賓語前加to【辨析】declare與announce【拓展】declarationn.聲明；宣告thedeclarationofwar宣戰【即學即用】單句語法填空against

(1)Thechairwomanproposeddismissingtheorganization，butthemajoritydeclared________herproposal.完成句子(2)1939年，這個國家向鄰國宣戰，這導致了另一場世界大戰的爆發。declaredwaronitsneighboringcountry

In1939，thiscountry__________________________________，whichledtotheoutbreakofanotherworldwar. (3)一年一度的慕尼黑啤酒節在宣布開幕的那一刻，在場的人們爆發出雷鳴般的歡呼聲。wasdeclaredopen

ThemomenttheannualOktoberfest______________________，peoplepresentburstintothunderouscheers.3.calculatevt.計算；核算；預測【典例】

①Itisroughlycalculatedthatin1997alone,about2.3millionpeoplediedofAIDS.據粗略統計，僅在1997年，就有230萬人死于艾滋病。②Sallycalculatedthatshewouldhaveabout$100left.莎莉估計她還剩大約100美元。③Sheiscalculatedtocompleteherstudyandgraduatelaterthisyear.她計劃在今年晚些時候完成學業并畢業。【歸納】calculatethat...計算出……Itis/hasbeencalculatedthat...據估算……becalculatedtodosth.計劃做某事【拓展】(1)calculationn.計算；估算；推測(2)calculatedadj.精心策劃的；蓄意的(3)calculatingadj.精明的(4)calculatorn.計算器(5)表示“計劃做某事”的短語還有：beduetodosth.，bescheduledtodosth.等。【即學即用】單句語法填空thattocalculate(1)Icalculated________wewouldarriveat6：00p.m.(2)Thepaintingissovaluablethatitisdifficult_____________(calculate)whatitspricewouldbe.calculation

(3)Experimentand_________(calculate)cannotdoallitswork.

完成句子，每空一詞

(4)據計算，去年至少喪失了47，000個工作崗位。

___________________________________________atleast47，000jobswerelostlastyear.Ithasbeencalculatedthat4.divisionn.分開；分隔；差異；除(法)【典例】①Therewasadivisionofopiniononthematter.在這個問題上意見有分歧。

②Ingroupsdiscusswhatthepossibleworkdivisionwasbetweenmenandwomen.小組討論男女之間可能的工作分工。 ③Thecoursebookisdividedinto30lessons.這本教材有30課。【歸納】adivisionof……的分歧thedivisionbetween...and...……和……的分界單詞用法例句divide通常指把整體分為若干部分，其后常接介詞intoTheworldisdividedintosevencontinents.世界被分成七大洲。Dividethemoneyamongthesixofyou.這筆錢你們六個人分。separate通常指把原來連在一起或靠近的東西分隔開來，其后常接介詞fromWe'dbetterseparatethegoodonesfromthebadones.我們最好把好的和壞的分開。Shedoesn'twanttobeseparatedfromhim.她不想和他分開。【辨析】divide與separate【拓展】dividevi.&vt.(把……)分成(若干部分)vt.把……隔開；分配；分享o...把……分成……bedividedinto...被劃分為……divide(up)sth.among/between...在……之間分配/分享某物【即學即用】單句語法填空divisionfrom(1)Tohisparents'joy,theboyhaslearnttodo________(divide).(2)Thecapacitytothinkseparateshumans________animals.完成句子，每空一詞bedividedinto(3)該國可以被分為三個主要地區。Thecountrycan________________________threemainareas.5.urgen.強烈的欲望；沖動vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦【典例】①Ihaveastrongurgetotravelallovertheworld.我有到世界各地旅行的強烈愿望。

②Theexperturgesthatyoungcouplesshouldsetasidesomemoneyeverymonthincaseofemergency.專家敦促年輕夫婦每個月應該留出一些錢以備不時之需。【歸納】theurgetodosth.做某事的欲望haveanurgetodosth.有做某事的沖動urgesb.todosth.敦促某人做某事urgesth.on/uponsb.強烈要求某人某事【點津】(1)urgethat...竭力主張……(從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略)

(2)Itis/wasurgedthat...堅決主張……(從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略)【拓展】(1)urgentadj.緊急的；緊迫的inurgentneedof...急需……(2)urgencyn.緊急；緊迫amatterofgreaturgency極為迫切的問題【即學即用】單句語法填空urgent

(1)Iamreallysorrytohaveyouwaitingforsolong，butIreallyhadsomething________(urge)todealwith.完成句子whohas/feelsanurgetospeakfluentEnglish

(2)(2022·3月天津卷)任何渴望說流利英語的人都可以報名參加我們的口語俱樂部。

Anyone____________________________________canregisterforourSpokenEnglishClub.(3)(2022·全國甲卷)為了更好地保護海洋，我們必須敦促更多的人去反思他們不合適的行為并且做出改變。Toprotectoceansbetter，_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

wemusturgemorepeopletoreflectontheirownimproperbehaviorandmakechanges/wemusturgethatmorepeople(should)reflectontheirownimproperbehaviorandmakechanges/itisurgedthatmorepeople(should)reflectontheirownimproperbehaviorandmakechanges1.testout檢驗；測試【典例】①Thisnewkindofmedicineistestedoutonanimalsfirst.這種新藥首先被用在動物身上做試驗。

②Weneedtorealisethatifwearegoingtosucceed,wehavetotryout.我們需要認識到，如果我們想要成功，我們必須嘗試。 ③Ifyoustudyinasystematicway,youwon'tleaveanythingout.如果你以一種系統的方式學習，你不會遺漏任何東西。【拓展】tryout嘗試；考驗；驗證giveout分發；用完leaveout省略；遺漏setout(todosth.)出發；開始(做某事)putout撲滅makeout弄清楚；理解【即學即用】setoutleave用上面的短語的適當形式填空(1)We________________topaintthewholehousebutfinishedonlythefrontpartthatday.tested/testsoutgaveout

(2)Theteacherstressedagainthatthestudentsshouldnot____________anyimportantdetailswhileretellingthestory. (3)Thelongrace______________theswimmers'endurance. (4)Theteacher______________theexampapers.out2.conflictwith與……沖突或抵觸【典例】

①Johnhasarigidcharacterandoftencomesintoconflictwithhisboss.約翰是一個刻板的人，他經常和老板發生沖突。 ②Shefoundherselfinconflictwithherparentsoverthefuturecareer.她發現自己與父母在未來的職業問題上有分歧。【拓展】inconflictwithsb.和某人沖突comeintoconflictwithsb.與某人產生矛盾/發生沖突bringoconflictwith使某人與……產生沖突theconflictbetween...and...和……之間的沖突conflictofinterest(s)利益沖突【即學即用】conflictwith

完成句子，每空一詞

(1)這些結果與先前的發現相矛盾。

Theseresults________________earlierfindings. (2)這個故事講述了愛與責任之間的經典沖突。

Thestorytellsofaclassic________________________________________.conflictbetweenloveandduty(3)她經常與婆婆發生沖突。Shehadoften__________________________________hermother-in-law.comeintoconflictwith(4)她發現自己在大學專業的問題上與父母存在分歧。Shefoundherself________________________herparentsoverhercollegemajor.inconflictwith3.turnout關掉；熄滅；在場；使朝外；結果是【典例】①Thewholevillageturnedouttowelcomethehero.全村的人都出來歡迎這位英雄。②Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabestseller.他的第一本書出版了。結果這本書成了暢銷書。③Don'tworry.I'msureyourmissingglasseswillturnupsoonerorlater.別擔心。我相信你丟失的眼鏡遲早會出現的。【歸納】turnout(tobe)...最后結果是……；最終成為……Itturns/turnedoutthat...結果是……；證明是……【拓展】turnup調高(音量等)；出現；到來turndown調低(音量等)；拒絕turnon打開(水、煤氣、電燈等)turnoff關掉(水、煤氣、電燈等)turnaround轉身turnover移交；(使)翻轉turnin上交turnto求助于

【即學即用】

用turn的相關短語并結合句意補全語段

我的同事因病不得不把他的項目交給我。雖然我對這個項目沒有把握，但我不能拒絕他。他承諾，無論何時我遇到無法解決的問題時都可以向他尋求指導。在我們的共同努力下，我按時提交了這個項目，結果非常成功。得知這個消息的那一刻，我帶著鮮花來到醫院，與同事分享了喜悅，同事對我表示祝賀和贊賞。Mycolleaguehadto__________________________becauseofhisillness.Thoughunsureabouttheproject，Icouldn't____________.HepromisedthatIcould___________________________wheneverIcameacrossproblemsthatIcouldn'tsolve.Withourjointeffort，I________________________________，which__________________________________________.ThemomentIlearnedthenews，I_______________________withsomeflowers，sharingthejoywithmycolleague，whoshowedcongratulationsandappreciationtome.turnoverhisprojecttometurnhimdownturntohimforguidanceturnedintheprojectpunctuallyturnedouttobeturnedupinthehospitalagreatsuccess1.HesuggestedthatsheinviteGladysandherfriendstothehousethenightbeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn.(教材P3)他建議她邀請格拉迪斯和她的朋友來家里，就在他離開和拉里回來的前一天晚上。

【剖析】suggest表示“建議”后接賓語從句時，從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”，should可以省略。但當suggest表示“表明”后接賓語從句時，從句中謂語動詞用陳述語氣。【典例】

①(2023·全國甲卷)However,researchsuggeststhatifwepracticedpatience,we'dbeawholelotbetteroff.然而，研究表明，如果我們練習耐心，我們會好得多。②Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatwe(should)haveanassistant.經理建議我們應該有一個助手。【點津】(1)demand,recommend,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise,request,urge,command,prefer,desire等動詞引導的賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結構為“(should＋)動詞原形”，should可以省略。如：Theyinsistedthatthelittleboy(should)gowiththem.他們堅決要求那個小男孩跟他們一起去。

(2)在主語從句“Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/apity＋that...”中，從句的謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”，should可以省略。如：Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.人們建議本次會議推遲到下周。

(3)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,request,idea,advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構成是“(should＋)動詞原形”，should可以省略。如：Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.我的意見是在接受之前我們要仔細考慮。【即學即用】完成句子，每空一詞(1)了解到你對中國文化的濃厚興趣，我建議你申請北京大學，中國最好的大學之一。youapplyfor

LearningyourkeeninterestinChineseculture,Isuggest______________________PekingUniversity,oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.shouldignoreproblems

(2)我不是建議你們忽視問題，或者假裝事情比實際情況更好。

Idon'tsuggestyou________________________，orthatyoupretendthingsarebetterthantheyare. (3)她的表情表明她已經困了，因此她父親建議她立刻去睡覺。

Herlooksuggestedthat________________________,soherfathersuggestedthatshe________________________atonce.shewassleepygotobed

2.Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday,andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.(教材P3)她聽見他說他明天不想離開她，他感覺到的不僅僅是想讓她高興。

【剖析】句中declare后接兩個賓語從句，用and連接。其中，第一個賓語從句中的that可以省略，而第二個that不可以省略。【典例】

①(2021·1月浙江卷)Inastudyof33yearsoftrendsinBodyMassIndex(體重指數)across200countries,thescientistsfoundthatpeopleworldwidearegettingheavierandthatmostoftheriseisduetogainsinBMIinruralareas.科學家們對全球200個國家33年來人們的體重指數的趨勢進行了研究，發現全世界的人都在變胖，其中大部分原因是農村地區的體重指數增加。

②Myunclesays(that)hehasservedherefortwentyyearsandthatheisgoingtoretirenextmonth.我叔叔說他在這兒工作已經二十年了，下個月即將退休。【點津】

在declare,say,believe,hope等動詞引導的賓語從句中，第一個賓語從句中的that可以省略，但and后面的that不能省略。如果引導的是多個賓語從句，第一個that可以省略，其他的that都不能省略。

【即學即用】

單句語法填空

(1)Shesaid(that)shewouldcome，and________shewouldbringherchild. (2)Ibelievethatyou'vedoneyourbest________thatthingswillgetbetter.thatand【句型升級】按要求完成句子Herearemytipsonhowtoprepareforit.1.這是我的關于如何為之準備的建議。(here位于句首的全部倒裝句)(should)betold____________________________________________________2.Hedemandedtobetoldeverythingatanytime.(改寫句子)Hedemandedthathe________________everythingatanytime.Asshewasattractedbythebeautyofnature3.Attractedbythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.(改寫句子)

_____________________________________________,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefar