HUGH

BARLOWCarbonCaptureTechnology

LeadSHAHRZADSM

SHAHICarbonCaptureTechnology

LeadTECHNICAL

REPORTSTATEOFTHE

ART:CCSTECHNOLOGIES

2024TABLEOF

CONTENTS2 STATEOFTHEART:CCSTECHNOLOGIES

2024BACKTOTABLEOF

CONTENTSFOREWORDEDITOR'S

NOTESCAPTURE8RIVERSAIR

LIQUIDEAXENSBABCOCK&WILCOXBAKERHUGHESBASFCAPSOL

TECHNOLOGIESCARBONAMERICACARBONCLEANCARBONENGINEERINGC-CAPTURECHINA

ENERGYCO2CRCELESSENTCLEANTECHEMERSONENTROPY

FLUORFUELCELLENERGYHONEYWELLINNOTECH

ALBERTAIONCLEANENERGYK2CO2KC8

CAPTURELEILACLINDENETPOWERNOVNOVONESIS

NUADAPETRONASSAIPEMSHELLSINOPECSLBAND

AKERSUMITOMOSVANTETECNICAS

REUNIDASAIRHIVEARDENTASPENTECHCAPTIVATECAPTURACARBONCOCARBONORO

CEOXCOOLPLANET

TECHDELTACLEANTECHEQUATICKBRVALUE

MARITIME681012162426344244505254565860646672747678868890929496108110118120122124126130134136142144147148149150151152153154155156157158159TRANSPORTBAKER

HUGHES

DRIL-QUIPKNCCKOBELCOMAXTUBENIPPONSTEELNOVNEBULA

ENERGYSOLATRONSTORAGEBAKER

HUGHES

CARBFIXEXPROMANGROVE

SYSTEMSQUORUMSOFTWARESAIPEMASPENTECH

BELLTREECVICTUSEARTHSCIENCEANALYTICSGETECHMICROSEISMIC

NOVSERCELSUSTEC160162168170172174176178180181182184196198202204210212213214216217219220221223TABLEOF

SUBMITTERS4 STATEOFTHEART:CCSTECHNOLOGIES

2024BACKTOTABLEOF

CONTENTS8RIVERS12FUELCELL

ENERGY76AIR

LIQUIDE16GETECH217AIRHIVE147HONEYWELL78ARDENT148INNOTECH

ALBERTA86ASPENTECH-

CAPTURE149IONCLEAN

ENERGY88ASPENTECH-

STORAGE212K2CO290AXENS24KBR158BABCOCK&

WILCOX26KC8

CAPTURE92BAKERHUGHES-

CAPTURE38KNCC170BAKERHUGHES-

STORAGE162KOBELCO172BAKERHUGHES-

TRANSPORT184LEILAC94BASF42LINDE96BELLTREE213MANGROVE

SYSTEMS202CAPSOL

TECHNOLOGIES44MAXTUBE174CAPTIVATE150MICROSEISMIC219CAPTURA151NEBULA

ENERGY180CARBFIX196NETPOWER108CARBON

AMERICA50NIPPONSTEEL176CARBON

CLEAN52NOV-

CAPTURE110CARBON

ENGINEERING54NOV-

STORAGE220CARBONCO152NOV-

TRANSPORT178CARBONORO153NOVONESIS118C-CAPTURE56NUADA120CEOX154PETRONAS122CHINA

ENERGY58QUORUM

SOFTWARE204CO2CRC60SAIPEM-

CAPTURE124COOLPLANET

TECH155SAIPEM-

STORAGE210CVICTUS214SERCEL221DELTA

CLEANTECH156SHELL126DRIL-QUIP168SINOPEC130EARTHSCIENCE

ANALYTICS216SLBAND

AKER134ELESSENTCLEAN

TECH64SOLATRON181EMERSON66SUMITOMO136ENTROPY72SUSTEC223EQUATIC157SVANTE142EXPRO198TECNICAS

REUNIDAS144FLUOR74VALUE

MARITIME159FOREWORDCarbonCaptureandStorage(CCS)isacrucialtoolinaddressing

global

greenhouse

gas

emissions

and

tacklingclimatechange.Urgenttechnologicaldevelopment,deployment,andscale-upofCCStechnologiesarenecessarytomeetournet-zerotargetsacrossindustriessuchascement,steel,chemicals,naturalgas,andpowergeneration.TheuptakeofCCStechnologiesmustcontinuetoacceleratetoaddressemissionsfromtheseindustriesandmore,alongsidedeploymentofCarbonDioxideRemovalapplicationstoremoveCO2alreadypresentinthe

atmosphere.Thisyear’sTechnologyCompendiumcontinuestheworkofearliereditions,expandingupontechnologiesapplicabletoCCSwithdeeperinsightontheirperformanceandapplications.Proven,establishedtechnologiesusedformanydecadesinvariousindustriesarerepresented,aswellasemergingtechnologiesthatwilldrivefurtherimprovementsinperformance,systemcosts,andenergyusage.ThesubmissionstothisCompendiumcoverarangeofmethodsincapture,transport,andstoragetoenablethedevelopmentofthefullCCSvalue

chain.TheTechnologyCompendiumshowcasesthebreadthanddepthofCCStechnologyavailablefordeploymenttoday,aswellastechnologyintheprocessofreachingfullcommercialreadiness.ThisinsightintothecurrentCCStechnologicalcapabilitiesandwhatmaylieaheadprovidesaviewoftheacceleratingdeploymentofCCSacrosstheglobetotackleclimate

change.TheTechnology

TeamGlobalCCS

InstituteAugust

2024AcknowledgementsWearegratefulforthecontributionsandsupportofalltheSubmitterswhohave

contributedtothispublication.WearealsogratefulfortheMembersoftheGlobalCCSInstitute,whoseMembershipenablestheInstitutetodevelopcatalyticthoughtleadershippieces,publicationssuchasthisTechnologyCompendium,ourannualGlobalStatusReportandavarietyofotherpublicationsthatcanbefoundonour

website.ThankyoutoHughBarlowandShahrzadShahifortheirinvaluableeditingandcoordinationofthis

report.SpecialmentionsalsogotoYiWu,XiaoliangYang,YasuoMurakami,KazukoMiyashita,HiroshiNambo,ErinBilleri,SpencerSchecht,JerradThomas,BrunoGerrits,DominicRassool,CarloMaccherini,MohammadAbuZahra,MaryemElFarsaoui,SarahHardman,ChrisConsoli,AishahHatta,MojtabaSeyyedi,RuthGebremedhin,ElenaLeva,WendyWells,andmanymoreacrosstheInstitutefortheirtime,efforts,andcarewithdevelopingthis

publication.6 STATEOFTHEART:CCSTECHNOLOGIES

2024BACKTOTABLEOF

CONTENTSEDITOR’S

NOTESTheGlobalCCS

Institute("TheInstitute")isaninternationalthinktankwhosemissionistoacceleratethedeploymentofcarboncaptureandstorage(CCS),asuiteoftechnologiestotackleclimatechangeanddeliverclimate

neutrality.TheInstituteproducesthe“StateoftheArt”TechnologyCompendiumannuallytoprovideaplatformfortechnology

owners

and

producers

to

share

their

products,andallowdevelopers,proponents,andinterestedpartiestodiscoverthefield’sstate-of-the-artofferings.ThisisinaccordancewithourmissiontoacceleratethedeploymentofCCS

globally.TheTechnologyCompendiumisafree-to-enterpublication,andtechnologyproviderscollaboratewiththeInstitutetoprovidetheirinformationtotheTechnologyCompendiumforreviewandpublication.Thetechnologiespresentinthe2024TechnologyCompendiumrepresentanon-exhaustivepictureoftheoveralllandscapeofCCStechnologies.Wheretherehasbeennosubmissionreceivedforthe2024TechnologyCompendium,thereisnopresencewithintheCompendium.TheInstituteisawareofotherCCStechnologiesnotmentionedinthisTechnologyCompendium,establishedandemerging,andweareworkingforfutureeditionstoincludethese

technologies.IfyouwishtomakeasubmissionforthenexteditionoftheTechnologyCompendium,pleasecontactusviatechcompendium@.DisclaimerTheGlobalCCSInstitutehasendeavouredtoensuretheinformationinthispublicationisasaccurateaspossible.However,itdoesnotguaranteethattheinformationinthispublicationistotallyreliable,accurate,orcomplete.Therefore,theinformationinthispublicationshouldnotbe

relied

upon

when

making

an

investment

or

commercialdecisionorprovidedtoanythirdpartywithoutthewrittenpermissionoftheGlobalCCS

Institute.TheGlobalCCSInstitutehasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofURLstoanyexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateor

appropriate.Tothemaximumextentpermitted,theGlobalCCSInstitute,itsemployees,andadvisersacceptnoliability(includingfornegligence)foranyuseorrelianceontheinformationinthispublication,includinganycommercialorinvestmentdecisionsmadeonthebasisofinformationprovidedinthis

publication.TheGlobalCCSInstitutehasreliedonthecontributionsofover60CCStechnologyproviderstocompilethispublication.AnyclaimsregardingtechnologyperformancearetheresponsibilityofthecompanyconcernedandarenotendorsedbytheGlobalCCSInstitute.ReadersshouldconfirmanydetailscontainedinthisCompendiumwiththetechnologyholder

concerned.TechnologyReadinessLevel

(TRL)Inthispublication,theTRLofvarioustechnologieshasbeenreportedasapartofthesubmission.TheguidanceprovidedtosubmittersforTRLassessmentisprovidedinTable1.Forinclusioninthe2024TechnologyCompendium,aTechnologymusthaveaTRLof5

orabove.Table1:TRLGuidanceProvidedfor2024

TechnologyCompendiumSubmissionsCATEGORYTRLDESCRIPTION9NormalCommercial

ServiceDemonstration8Commercialdemonstration,full-scaledeploymentinfinal

form7Sub-scaledemonstration,fullyfunctional

prototype6Fullyintegratedpilottestedinarelevant

environmentDevelopment5Sub-systemvalidationinarelevant

environment4Systemvalidationinalaboratory

environment3Proof-of-concepttests,component

levelResearch2Formulationofthe

application1Basicprinciples,observed,initial

concept8 STATEOFTHEART:CCSTECHNOLOGIES

2024BACKTOTABLEOF

CONTENTSFront

Cover

Image:

CapsolGo?

at

EEW

Energy

from

Waste

plant

in

Hanover,

Germany,

image

courtesy

of

Capsol

Technologies.ForewordImage:TwenceCCU100,000TPAplantinHengelo,TheNetherlands,imagecourtesyofSLBandAkerCarbonCapture

JV.10 STATEOFTHEART:CCS

TECHNOLOGIES

2024 BACKTOTABLEOF

CONTENTSCAPTURETECHNOLOGY

DESCRIPTIONInMay2023,8Riversannouncedthedevelopmentof8RH2,anultra-low-carbonhydrogenproductionprocessthatcosteffectivelycapturesgreaterthan99.5%oftheCO2produced.Attheheartoftheprocessis8Rivers’yearsofoxy-combustionexperienceandaproprietaryCO2ConvectiveReformer(CCR)that8RiversisjointlydevelopingwithCasale

SA.Incontrasttoconventionalsteammethane

reforming,8RiverstechnologicalbreakthroughisinthepowerfulcombinationofOxy-FiredCombustionwithourproprietaryheatexchangerreformer,the

CCR.TheOxy-Combustorisapressurisedcombustionheaterthatcombuststailgas

and

natural

gas

fuelwith

synthetic

airmadeupofpureoxygenandCO2diluent.WhatresultsisahightemperatureCO2fluegasstreamthathasnotbeencontaminatedbytheimpuritiesinair,

namelynitrogen,whichcomplicatesback-endCO2capture.ThishotCO2fluegasstreamneedswaterandoxygenremovalandisthenpipelinereadyathigh

purity.Inthe8RH2process,thehotCO2fluegasstreamleavestheOxy-CombustorandflowsthroughtheCCR,providingtheheatnecessaryforsteammethanereformingtooccur.Thisallows8RH2toleveragetheenergycontainedinthetailgasfuelforthebestpurpose–creatingmoreproduct,whilekeepingtheCO2streamseparateand

pure.Leveragingthistailgasenergy,whichisessentiallyabyproductofsteammethanereforming,inauseful,cost-effectivemannerandwithoutcontributingtoemissionsisoneofthecoreadvantagesof8RH2overtraditionalhydrogenproduction

technologies.Doingsoenablesimprovedcyclethermalefficiencywhileavoidingtheadditionalcostsassociatedwithback-endcarboncapturesystemssuchas

aminesolvents.AftertheCO2hasprovidedheattotheCCRitwillundergofurtherheatrecoverybeforetheDirectContactCoolerremoveswaterandcoolsthegastopipelinereadytemperatures.AportionoftheCO2willbeexportedforsequestration,whiletherestisrecycledtoactasadiluentincreatingsyntheticairforthe

Oxy-Combustor.FeedgasleavestheCCRaspartiallyreformedsyngasandentersanOxygenSecondaryReformer(OSR)whichcompletesthereactions.Aseriesofheatrecovery,watergasshiftreactions,andhydrogenpurificationoperationsarecarriedout,notunliketraditionalhydrogen

plants.2Asitskeyoutput,8RHproducesastreamof

high-purityhydrogen.TheremainingtailgasisseparatedtoberecycledbacktotheOxy-Combustor.8RH2wasdesignedtobeeasilyintegratedwithammonialoop

technology.8RH2technologyutilisestwodistinctloopsoneachsideoftheprocess:hydrogenandCO2,tounlockgreaterthan99.5%CO2capturewithoutsacrificing

cost-effectiveness.Thefirstcommercialdeploymentofthe8RH2technologywillbeCormorantCleanEnergyinPortArthurTexas.Cormorantwillproduce880,000tonnesofultra-low-carbonammoniaandcapturemorethan1.4MtpaofCO2annually.SUMMARYTomeetglobalclimategoalsandsupportthetransitiontoaNetZeroeconomy,theworldneedsclean,affordable,andscalablesolutionsforproducinghydrogen.8RH2isanultra-low-carbonhydrogenproductiontechnologythatcost-effectivelycapturesgreaterthan99.5%oftheCO2producedduringtheprocess.Attheheartof8RH2is8Rivers'proprietaryCO2ConvectiveReformer(CCR),whichleveragesthecompany'sdecadesofexpertiseinoxy-combustionandheattransfertoachievebreakthrough

performance.The8RH2processworksbycombiningtheCCRwithanOxy-Combustor,whichcombuststailgasandnaturalgas

fuelwithsyntheticairmade

upof

pure

oxygen

and

CO2.

This

results

in

ahigh-temperature,high-purityCO2

stream

that

providesthenecessaryheatforsteammethanereformingintheCCR.

Byleveragingtheenergyinthetailgas,8RH2achievesimprovedcycle

thermalefficiency

while

avoiding

the

additional

costs

associated

with

back-end

carbon

capture

systems.BENEFITSOurhydrogenproductiontechnologyhasnodirectemissionsandachievesanultra-low-carbonintensitythatis15-20%lowerthanstate-of-the-artautothermalreformingwithCCS

(ATR+CCS).ThecaptureofCO2isinherentlybuiltintotheprocessdesign,capturinginexcessof99.5%,whileavoidingtheuseoftoxicchemicalsorenergy-intensive

processes.Combinesstrengthsofcommerciallyprovenhydrogenproductionprocessestoreliablydelivercleanandaffordableenergyat

scale.Utilisationofoxy-firedcombustionoftailgastoprovideheatofreformingandheatintegrationenablesahighlyefficientcycleboasting5-7%thermalefficiencygainsversusbenchmark

ATR+CCS.Combined,thisresultsin8RH2havinganunrivalledlevelisedcostcomparedtoallutility-scalehydrogentechnologycurrentlyonthe

market.Easilyintegrateswithammonialooptechnologytoenableproductionofultra-low-carbonammonia,whichcanbetradedascommodityorusedforeasierH2transportation.KEY

DATAKEY

PROJECTS8

RIVERS8RH2InJanuary2024,8RiversannouncedCormorantCleanEnergy,locatedinPortArthur,Texas,willbethefirstdeploymentofthe8RH2technology.Cormorantwillproduce880,000tonnesofultra-low-carbonammoniaandcapturemorethan1.4milliontonnesperannum(Mtpa)of

CO2.Theprojectisexpectedtobringinover$1billionininvestmenttotheregionandisexpectedtoreachFIDinlate2025withconstructioncommencingshortly

thereafter.8Riversisactivelyexploringfutureprojectsforthe

8RH2technologytobe

deployed

in

the

US

and

abroad.contact8r@8

TRL>5CaptureRateRange

(tpd)~Modular

(Y/N)YesSourceCO2Purity

Range~EnergyConsumption

(GJ/tCO2)~CaptureEfficiency

(%)>99%NumberofCommercial

Plants~NumberofPilot

Plants~TargetIndustriesHydrogen,

Ammonia/Fertiliser,

Refining,

Transportation

Fuels,

Coal

Fuel

Switching,

Methanol,

Oxo-alcohols12 STATEOFTHEART:CCSTECHNOLOGIES

2024BACKTOTABLEOF

CONTENTSTECHNOLOGY

DESCRIPTIONTHECALCITE

PROCESSInventedin2019,Calciteisacost-effectivedirectaircapturetechnologytoremoveCO2directlyfromtheambientatmosphere.Theprocessfacilitatescarbonremovalbyrelyingonthesimplicityofthenaturalcalciumcycle.Anoxy-firedkilncombustsfuelandconcentratedoxygentocalcinefreshandregeneratedcalciumcarbonate(CaCO3)toformcalciumoxide(CaO),whiletheeffluentCO2iscapturedforsequestration.Oxy-firingreplacestheairnormallyusedforfuelcombustionwithamixtureof

highpurity

oxygen

and

CO2.

The

flue

gasfromoxy-fired

processisalmostentirelyCO2andwater,allowingittobesentthroughaCO2compressionandpurificationunit(CPU)forsequestration.Anadditionaladvantageoftheoxy-fired

kilnisthatcombustingfuelwithcarboncaptureminimisestherequirementforcleanelectricityforthe

facility.Calciumoxidecomingoutofthekilnisthenhydrated,whichinturncarbonateswithambientairthroughaircontactormodules.TheaircontactorisdesignedtofacilitatefastcarbonationwhenCO2fromtheambientairreactswiththe

sorbent.Thelastmajorstepoftheprocessistodeliverthenewlyformedcalciumcarbonatebackintotheoxy-firedkilntoseparatetheCO2forpermanentsequestration.Thiscreatesacalciumlooptostarta

newcarbonationcycle.Thetechnologyisdesignedtofacilitatefastcarbonationwithahigh-capacityfactorandlittledowntime.Withsimplechemistryandengineering,theCalciteprocessissetuptobe

a

low

cost,

scalable,

and

quickly

deployable

system.THECALCITE

FACILITYACalcitefacilitywillconsist

of:8Rivers’novelaircontractorwhereambientCO2ispassedoveracalcium-basedsorbent

toformCaCO3;Anoxy-firedcalcinerwhichusesthermalheat

to3 2decomposeCaCOintoCOforsequestrationand

CaOtobe

hydratedandcycledbacktotheaircontactor;Anoxygenproductionunittosupplyoxygentotheoxy-calciner;Limestonestorageandequipmenttopreparethematerialtobefedtotheoxy-calcinerandmaterialtobesentto

market;CO2purificationandcompressionequipmenttopreparethecapturedCO2forpipeline

transport.PROJECT

STATUSCalciteisamemberoftheSoutheastDAC(SEDAC)Hub,adeploymentofDACtechnologiesinnorthernMobileCounty,Alabama.MobileCountyisanideallocationtosupporttheinitialphasesofaDAChubasitishometomanyindustrialfacilities,largetractsofavailableland,andappropriatesubsurfacegeologytosupportthecreationofasustainableCO2-basedeconomy.Inaddition,numerousopportunitiesexisttoemploytheregion’sskilledworkforceinpursuitofavarietyofCO2usecasesbeyondpermanentstorageinsubsurfacereservoirs(e.g.,CO2tofuels).Becauseoftheseattributes,theSEDACHubwillnotonlyabatelocalemissionsbutalsoleadtothedevelopmentofacarbonreductionecosystemintheareaandtheGulfSouthmore

broadly.AsarecipientoffundingundertheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy’sDirectAirCapture(DAC)Hubprogram,aFEEDstudywillbeconductedtosupporttheconstructionandoperationofa100,000nettonneperyearCalcitecarbonremovalfacilityasapartoftheSEDAC

Hub.SUMMARYAstheworldconfrontsclimatechange,expertsagreethatemissionsreductionsmustbeaccompaniedbylarge-scalecarbonremoval.Calcite,developedby8Rivers,usesthecalciumcycletorapidlyremoveCO2fromtheair.TheCalcitecarbon

removal

process

works

by

accelerating

the

carbonation

of

calcium,

passing

ordinary

air

across

calcium

hydroxideinawarehousetoabsorbCO2intocalciumcarbonatecrystals.Thecalciumcarbonateisthencycledintoakilntoregeneratecalcium

hydroxide

and

capture

CO2

for

permanent

sequestration.

Calcite's

low-cost

approach,

low

technical

risk,

and

hyperscalabilitymakeitapromisingsolutionforglobalcarbon

removalneeds.8RiversandMITdevelopedCalcite'snovelaircontactor,whichwasvalidatedbyaprominentUSNationalLaboratory.CalcitewasaMilestonewinnerintheXPRIZECDRcompetition,oneoftheFrontierClimateFund’sfirstofftakes,wonDACHubsfundingthroughtheUSDOEtosupportitscommercialdeployment,andwasawinneroftheDOECDRPurchasePilotPrizePhase

1.BENEFITSTheCalciteprocessissimple,leveragingthenaturalcalciumcycleanddoesnotrequirecomplicated

catalystsor

materials.Calciteisdesignedtobeextremelyscalablebyusingwidelyavailableequipmentandexistingsupplychains

aswellaslimestone,anabundantfeedstock,which

enablesfasterscale-upandprogressionto

next-of-a-kind.CalciteoffersdurablecarbonremovalbypermanentlysequesteringCO2geologicallythroughhighlyregulated,ClassVIwells,orthroughmineralisingtheCO2aslimestone,

CaCO3.8

RIVERSCALCITEcontact8r@8

KEY

DATATRL6CaptureRateRange

(tpd)~Modular

(Y/N)~SourceCO2Purity

Range~EnergyConsumption

(GJ/tCO2)~CaptureEfficiency

(%)~NumberofCommercial

Plants~NumberofPilot

Plants1TargetIndustriesDAC14 STATEOFTHEART:CCSTECHNOLOGIES

2024BACKTOTABLEOF

CONTENTSTECHNOLOGY

DESCRIPTIONSYNGASAMINE

WASHAirLiquidesSyngasAmineWashtechnologyoffershighlyenergy-efficientprocessessuchasBASFOASE?white.Theprocessconfigurationistailoredaccording

totreatedgasrequirementsandCO2product

specificationas

well

as

optimised

Capex

and

Opex.

The

process

canbeheat-integratedwiththeupstreamgasgeneration.

CO2specifications

in

the

treated

gas

<

20

ppm

are

achievable,makingthisprocessidealforCO2removalupstreamofanycoldboxorammoniaprocess.CO2capture

ratesfrom

syngas

of

>99%

can

be

achievedtoproduce

adecarbonisedhydrogen

product.Characteristics:99.7%

availabilityCO2atupto2.3bara,purityofupto

99.9%"FLUEGAS

AMINEWASHTheFlueGasAmineWashtechnologyisanenergyefficientsolutionusinghighlystable,lowmaintenancesolventsbasedonproprietarysecondgenerationaminessuchasBASF'sOASE?blue.CO2captureratesofupto99%canbeachievedirrespectiveofthefeed’sCO2content,andaCO2productspecificationofupto>99.9%canbereached.Upto1,500,000Nm3/hoffluegasor5,000tpdCO2canbetreatedinasingletrain.TracecomponentssuchasparticlesandSOxarehandledintheupstreampretreatment.TherequiredheatdutycanbeprovidedbyLPSteamorthermaloil.Heatintegrationwithupstreamunitsisalsoan

option.Characteristics:Upto16%O2influegas

tested99.7%

availabilityCO2purityofupto99.9%andlowO2,atupto2.5

baraw/ocompressionParticles&SOxhandledupstreamofamine

washMainApplications:FluegasesoroffgasesfromindustrialsourceswithCO2content3%to25%-(SMR,cement/lime,steelblastfurnace,refineries(FCC),biomasspowerplant,pulp&

paper)SUMMARYAirLiquidehasconsiderableexperienceindesigningoptimisedchemicalsolventbasedtechnologiestocaptureCO2and/orothercontaminantsfromsynthesisgasorfluegas.Throughlongtermpartnershipswithkeysolventproviders,AirLiquidehasdesignedandinstalledmorethan85unitsworldwideandbenefitsfromitslong-termoperationalexperienceonamineunits.Consideredasastate-of-the-artsolutionforCO2capture,aminetechnologycanremoveCO2efficientlyfromawidevarietyof

gases.BENEFITSFullyreferencedinallapplicablescalesand

differentapplicationsProcess

uses

inexpensive,

available

and

chemically

stable

solventTechnology

provides

low

operating

costs

and

highreliabilityProcess

configuration

can

be

tailoredtooptimise

Capex

and

OpexAIR

LIQUIDECHEMICAL

ABSORPTION–FLUEGASAND

SYNGASgas-treatment@

hydrogen-syngas@KEY

DATATRL8-9CaptureRateRange

(tpd)150-5,000Modular

(Y/N)YesSourceCO2Purity

Range1-35%EnergyConsumption

(GJ/tCO2)1-2.8

(heat)CaptureEfficiency

(%)99%+NumberofCommercial

Plants85+TargetIndustriesFlueGas:SMR,Boilers,Firedheaters,Wasteincineration,Refineries(FCC),BECCS,

Powerplant,Pulp&paperSyngas:H2production(SMR,POX,ATR)&Syngaswith~15%to35%CO2.Oxo-syngas

with3