2023年湖南高考英語試題及答案

本試卷共12頁。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

注意事項：

1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考

生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。

2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆

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3.請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答

案無效；在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。

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5.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙

刀。

第一部分聽力（1-20小題）在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmore

fromtheseatofab汰e!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainable

andfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,sq

uaresandcountlesslights.Youcanalsobikealonglovelylandscape

soutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbi

cyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredin

ourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereis

alwaysab汰eavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinaw

idevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（剎車）,bikeswithh

andbrakeandgears（排擋），bikeswithchildseats,andchildren/sbi

kes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour€7.50€5.00

3hours€1100€7.50

1day（24hours）€14.75€9.75

Eachadditionalday€8.00€600

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,th

eRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.Thetourdepart

sfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmev

eryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itofoffersmanytypesof

bikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalsh

ops.

2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandt

hreegearsfortwodays?

A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

B

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroun

dhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,

forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsand

alongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnsta

rtedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesse

speopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnw

entbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertain

plantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatca

ncer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsand

plants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynature

did.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfro

msomesludgeC甘尼）.First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfibergla

sstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpo

ndsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Hepl

acedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentki

ndsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosyste

m.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-m

achinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks

ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopeda

greenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600ho

mesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetoclean

canalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

“Ecologicaldesign“isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."Lif

eonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor/*hesay

s."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat,sha

ppening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwayst

oself-repair/

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadocto

5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

6.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B.Toshowanapplication

ofJohn*sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdi什erentjobs.D.Toerasedoubtsabout

John*sinvention.

7.WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosu

rvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreaturesliveing

roups.

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,in

eludingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,an

dthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'

srightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribe

thephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwitha

nexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigi

tailivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddis

cussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadopti

ngthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyout

ostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Atthee

ndofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcar

efullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassive

benefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'IIguideyouthroughcarryingout

yourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'IIdrawonanexperiment

Iranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigi

taideclutter.You*IIheartheseparticipants/storiesandlearnwhat

strategiesworkedv/ellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredt

hatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideastha

twillhelpyoucultivate（培養(yǎng)）asustainabledigitalminimalismlifest

yle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofs

olitude（獨處）andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisureto

replacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachch

apterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedt

ohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthese

practicesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminima

listlifestylethatwordsforyourparticularcircumstances.

8.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigita

Ilifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofa

digitaldevice.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter"inparagraph3mea

n?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesoff

eredinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofrien

ds.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthe

m.

D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublished

apaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe"wisd

omofcrowds“effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconducteds

howedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindep

endentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,th

oseerrorsarenztalwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtoovere

stimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrors

areaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginam

oreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethes

ameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmore

technicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestim

atesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people*serrorsbeco

mecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgod

own.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist

（轉(zhuǎn)折）onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudyw

asthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthat

wereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroups

weremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindepend

entindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimat

esoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccurate

thantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstri

edtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidi

ntheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidenta

bouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochanget

heirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn/tthedo

minantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"s

haredargumentsandreasonedtogether.,zSomehow,theseargume

ntsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.Although

thestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsrem

ainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-mak

ingareenormous.

12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoft

heeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople7serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton,s

experiment.

13.Navajas*studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincrease

evenif.

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalu

nderestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfull

yindependent

14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

15.Whatistheauthor/sattitudetowardNavajaszstudies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approvin

g-

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩

項為多余選項。

PersonalForgiveness

Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon'tbeat

yourselfupaboutthem.Toerr（犯錯）ishuman.16Youcan

usethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading"Personalstre

ngths.“17Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodliste

ner?Funtobearound?Theydon'thavetobeworld-changing,jus

taspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou'reproudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness//

Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou*vedoneforothers.It

mightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,

whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubaked

cookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.18

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist._

_19Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakese

achofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshineth

rough.Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis

—itzsagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.

It'ssomethingofacliche（陳詞濫調(diào)）thatmostpeoplelearnnotfro

mtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,itstrue.20

We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesar

eapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.

B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.

C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.

D.Itzsjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.

E,Itdoesnztmeanyouhavetoignorewhat*shappenedorforge

tit.

F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdow

n.

G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyour

personality.

第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的

最佳選項。

OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryracei

nMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave21thecourseearli

erthanshedid.Her22camebecauseshewascarryinga_

_23acrossthefinishline.

Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirds

ofthewaythroughher24whenarunnerinfrontofherbe

gancryinginpain.She25tohelpherfellowrunner,Daniell

eLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwit

h26.Shecouldn't.Baileythen27toletLenouedim

bontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,then

another300feettowhereLenouecouldget28attention.

Oncethere,Lenouewas29andlatertakentoahospital,wh

ereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.S

hewouldhavestruggledwithextreme30tomakeittothat

aidcheckpointwithoutBailey'shelp.

AsforBailey,sheismore31aboutwhyheractisconsidere

dabig32.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn1t33her,”

Baileytoldthereporter."1feellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthin

Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe34

_zthey*vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe

_35ofhumankindnesswontheday.

21.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.finished

22.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse

23.A.judgeB.volunteerC.classmateD.competit

24.A.raceB.schoolC.townD.training

25.A.agreedB.returnedC.stoppedD.promised

26.A.courageB.aidC.patienceD.advice

27.A.wentawayB.stoodupC.steppedasideD.ben

tdown

28.A.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equal

29.A.interruptedB.assessedC.identifiedD.apprecia

ted

30.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.tiredness

31.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.discour

aged

32.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal

33.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.understand

34.A.rideB.testC.meetD.show

35.A.secretB.displayC.benefitD.exchange

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdel

icatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,36(taste)soupands

weet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.

Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,y

ouhavetodecidewhether37(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,r

eleasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出)，38toputthe

wholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyo

urtongue.Shanghaimaybethe39(recognize)homeofthe

soupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutothe

neighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghaozsbirthplace.

Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandI

esssoup,andthewrappersarepressed40handratherthan

rolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,all

owingthem41(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallow

ingthemtearingorspillinganyof42(they)contents.The

meatshouldbefreshwith43touchofsweetnessandtheso

uphot,clearanddelicious.

NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris44(rare)enou

gh,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft45(want)m

orenexttime.

第三部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

46.假定你是李華，外教Ryan準(zhǔn)備將學(xué)生隨機(jī)分為兩人一組，讓大家課后練

習(xí)口語，你認(rèn)為這樣分組存在問題。請你給外教寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括；

1.說明問題；

2.提出建議。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右：

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearRyan,

FmLiHuafromClass3.

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完

整的短文。

WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmet

oenterawritingcontest.Isaidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlove

writing.MyfamilycamefromBrazil,soEnglishwasonlymysecond

language.Writingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteac

herhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTita

nicbyactingoutaplay,whereIplayedalltheparts.Noonelaugh

edharderthanhedid.

So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhichIv/as

suretofail?Hisreply:"BecauseIloveyourstories.Ifyou'rewillin

gtoapplyyourself,Ithinkyouhaveagoodshotatthis."Encoura

gedbyhiswords,Iagreedtogiveitatry.

IchosePaulRevere'shorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilver

smith（銀匠）inBostonwhorodeahorseatnightonApril18,1775

toLexingtontowarnpeoplethatBritishsoldierswerecoming.My

storywouldcomestraightfromthehorse*smouth.Notabrilliant

idea,butfunny;andunlikelytobeanyoneelsezschoice.

Whatdidthehorsethink,ashespedthroughthenight?Didhege

ttired?Havedoubts?Didhewanttoquit?Isympathizedimmediat

ely.Igottired.Ihaddoubts.Iwantedtoquit.But,likeRevere'sh

orse,Ikeptgoing.Iworkedhard.Icheckedmyspelling.Iaskedm

yoldersistertocorrectmygrammar.Icheckedoutahalfdozenb

ooksonPaulReverefromthelibrary.Ievenreadafewofthem.

WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher,hereadit,laughedout

loud,andsaid,“Great.Now,writeitagain/*Iwroteitagain,and

againandagain.WhenIfinallyfinishedit,thethoughtofwinning

hadgivenwaytotheenjoymentofwriting.IfIdidn'twin,Iwould

n'tcare.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Afewweekslater,whenIalmostforgotthecontest,therecameth

enews.

Iwenttomyteacher1sofficeaftertheawardpresentation.

參考答案

第一部分聽力（L20小題）在筆試結(jié)束后進(jìn)行。

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

l.B2.C3.D

B

4.C5.D6.B7.A

C

8.B9.A1O.C11.A

D

12.B13.D14.C15.D

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩

項為多余選項。

16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G

第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的

最佳選項。

21.D22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.D28.A29.B30.B

31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B

第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

36.tasty

37.tobite

38.or

39.recognized

40.by

41.tobelifted

42.their

43.a