Lecture1選擇性必修四Unit1單元重點(diǎn)詞匯和語法專題復(fù)習(xí)講練單元重點(diǎn)單詞及其詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和固定搭配sciencen.科學(xué)→scientistn.科學(xué)家→scientificadj.科學(xué)的sciencefiction科幻小說scientificresearch/study科學(xué)研究ridiculousadj.愚蠢的；荒謬的→ridiculouslyadv.荒謬地absurdadj.荒謬的；→absurdlyadv.荒唐地→absurdityn.荒唐，荒謬的言行appointmentn.預(yù)約；約會(huì)；委任→appointvt.任命，約定，指派make/haveanappointmentwithsb.與某人有預(yù)約keepanappointmentwithsb.準(zhǔn)時(shí)赴約做某事breakanappointmentwithsb.取消約會(huì)做某事appointsb.tosth.任命某人做某事guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過失的→guiltn.內(nèi)疚，罪行，罪責(zé)beguiltyof犯有罪beguiltyfor因而感到內(nèi)疚suspendvt.懸；掛；暫停；暫緩→suspensionn.暫停，中止dismissvt.讓(某人)離開；解散→dismissaln.開除，解雇bedismissedfromoffice被解除職務(wù)bedismissedfromschool被開除學(xué)籍declarevt.表明；宣稱；公布→declarationn.聲明，申報(bào)rumourn.謠言；傳聞Rumoursflythat...有謠言說presumevt.&vi.假設(shè)；假定→presumptionn.假定，推測(cè)，設(shè)想→presumablyadv.大概，可能Presumingthat...假設(shè)，以為前提calculatevt.計(jì)算;核算;預(yù)測(cè)→calculationn.計(jì)算，估算→calculatorn.計(jì)算器alienn.外星人(生物)；外國(guó)人 adj.陌生的;外星的;外國(guó)的→alienatevt.使疏遠(yuǎn)，使敵對(duì)→alienationn.疏離感bealiento...對(duì)來說是陌生的bealienatedfrom...與疏遠(yuǎn)superioradj.更好的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的;(在級(jí)別或重要性上)更高的→superiorityn.優(yōu)越besuperiorto比更好；更勝一籌beinferiorto比遜色，不如inactionn.無行動(dòng)，不采取措施→actionn.行動(dòng)，措施takeactions采取行動(dòng)takeactiontodo采取行動(dòng)做某事Actionspeakslouderthanwords.行動(dòng)勝于言辭；事實(shí)勝于雄辯urgen.沖動(dòng)，強(qiáng)烈的欲望vt.催促，力勸haveanurgetodosth.有強(qiáng)烈的欲望做某事beurgedtodosth.被力勸/催促做某事randomadj.隨機(jī)的，不可思議的→randomlyadv.隨機(jī)地→randomnessn.隨機(jī)，不可測(cè)性inrandom隨機(jī)地=atrandomdivisionn.分開，分隔，差異，除法→dividevt.分開，分隔，除以o...把分成bedividedinto...被分成bedividedby被除以maximumadj.最大極限的n.最大限度→maximizevt.使最大化atitsmaximum達(dá)到極點(diǎn)explodev.爆炸→explosionn.→explosiveadj.爆炸性的n.炸藥；爆炸物pacen.節(jié)奏；速度；步伐v.確定速度；調(diào)整節(jié)奏keeppace并駕齊驅(qū)keeppacewithsb.與某人保持同步keeppacewithdemand跟上需求keeppacewithfashiontrend緊跟潮流keeppaceof跟上的步伐單元重點(diǎn)短語testout檢驗(yàn)；測(cè)試morelike更像是；更接近ona...basis根據(jù)；以的方式（基準(zhǔn)）bebasedon...基于prosandcons事物的利弊；支持與反對(duì)advantagesanddisadvantages事物的利弊Everycoinhastwosides.凡事均有利弊。 takeover占上風(fēng)；取而代之；接管；接手 takechargeof掌管；負(fù)責(zé)=beinchargeoftakeoff脫下；起飛；扣除；模仿conflictwith與沖突或抵觸=beinconflictwith與沖突turnout關(guān)掉；熄滅；在場(chǎng)；使朝外；結(jié)果是（turnouttobe...）turnon打開turnoff關(guān)閉turnup調(diào)高（音量）；出現(xiàn)turndown調(diào)低（音量）；拒絕turntosb.轉(zhuǎn)向某人（求助）turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身turnoveranewleaf重新做人fallaway(逐漸]減少；消失falloff=falldownfrom從上摔下來fallinto陷入fallasleep睡著（stayawake醒著）Afallintothepit,againinyourwit.吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。單元重點(diǎn)語法-被動(dòng)語態(tài)專題復(fù)習(xí)講練動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的概述動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)表示主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者Hewroteanovel.被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者Theclassroomwascleanedbyhimyesterday.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法（1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰Thebookwaspublishedin2005.（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.（3）出于委婉或禮貌等原因，避免提及動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者Wearegivenalotofhomeworktodo.（4）文章標(biāo)題、廣告或新聞中，常用省略助動(dòng)詞be的被動(dòng)語態(tài)GirlsWanted.(招女工；省略了are)RoadBlocked.(道路阻塞；省略is)（5）被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的執(zhí)行者常常由“by+執(zhí)行者”引出ThewindowwasbrokenbyJacklastnight.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成（被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過去分詞；通過be動(dòng)詞體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化，并且be必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)相一致）常用時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+過去分詞Thesebooksaredesignedforchildren.一般過去時(shí)was/were+過去分詞Alotofflowerswereplantedalongthestreetlastmonth.一般將來時(shí)will/shallbe+過去分詞am/is/aregoingtobe+過去分詞Theclassmeetingwillbeheld/isgoingtobeheldnextSaturdayafternoon.過去將來時(shí)wouldbedoneHesaidthatthisnovelwouldbecompletedbytheendofthisweek.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+過去分詞Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+過去分詞TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeen+過去分詞Theworkhasbeenfinishedontime.過去完成時(shí)hadbeendoneIfthebikehadbeenfixedearlier,shewouldn’thavefallendownfromit.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/mustbe+過去分詞Bookscan’tbetakenoutofthereadingroom.被動(dòng)語態(tài)專題練習(xí)-用所給單詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子—Howdoyoufindthispairofshoes?—Prettygood.It____________(wear)morecomfortablythanthatpair.Tohisrelief,somehelp____________(offer)tohimwhenhewasintrouble.Bythetimetherescuerscome,ourfoodandgas____________(runout).Don'tmakenoiseespeciallywhenthesestudents____________(train)forthecomingspeechcontest.FromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhich____________(grade).Whilethepriceofmanyproductsisincreasing,taxifaresinthecity____________(remain)unchanged.Hewasfilledwithangeratthewayinwhichhe____________(treat).—Ihearthatyou'vebeenshownthenewplan.—Oh,yes,buthowtocarryitout ____________(decide)atthemeeting. Ifit____________(repair)earlier,thecomputerwouldnothavebrokendown.Millionsofpounds’worthofdamage____________(cause)bythestormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.Theproject____________(dreamup)byalocalcharitytoreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swell-beingseveralyearsago.Asisknowntousall,children'sbooks____________(sellwell)inkindergartensandprimaryschools.Alargeamountofmoney____________(save)sinceweusedtheequipment.Theydidn'tagreewithusatfirst,butintheendthey____________(persuade)intocarryingoutthisplan.Theamusementpark,whichisintendedforadultsandchildrenalike,____________(build)atpresentandwillbeopennextyear.I'mafraidtheteacherwillblameyouforyoufailedtodowhatyou____________(expect)to.Alwaysmakepaymentsontime,oryourcreditscore____________(affect).KnownastheMogaoGrottoes（莫高窟）,theseancientcaves____________(carve)outoftherockoveraperiodof1,000years.Itisimportanttoreadwhatinterestsyou,notjustwhat____________(recommend)byotherpeople.Ithadallbeenpromisedonthephonethatourlunch____________(deliver)rightaway;however,anhourhadpassedandnofoodarrived.Jackissortofnervousashisexaminationresults____________(send)tohisparentsinthreedays.Afterreadingthebook,IfeelI____________(give)adeeperinsightintotheworldandcanseethingsfromadifferentpointofview.被動(dòng)語態(tài)專題練習(xí)-用被動(dòng)語態(tài)完成句子這是我買電腦以來第一次檢查它。It'sthefirsttimethat_____________________________________________sinceIboughtit.作為一名在社交媒體上分享她的旅行的藝術(shù)家,我經(jīng)常被好奇的粉絲問到如何開始一段藝術(shù)之旅。Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,_______________________________howtobeginanartjourney.這個(gè)組織自建立以來提供了大量的信息和及時(shí)的幫助。Largequantitiesofinformation,aswellastimelyhelp,_______________________________sincetheorganizationwasbuilt.當(dāng)Mitch發(fā)現(xiàn)Morrie身患重病,身體越來越虛弱時(shí),他開始每周二去Morre家看望他。OndiscoveringthatMorrie__________________________________ ,MitchstartsvisitinghimathishouseonTuesdays.盡管人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了癌癥的病因，但我們還沒有任何實(shí)際的預(yù)防方法。Although ________________________________________,wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.科學(xué)家們正在研制一種新藥，他們對(duì)幾個(gè)月后能成功抱有希望。_________________________________________________,andtheyarehopefulthattheywillsucceedinacoupleofmonths.他說為紀(jì)念公司成立60周年，許多活動(dòng)都在籌劃中。Hesaid_____________________________________________ forthecelebrationofthecompany's60thanniversary.這條路去年這個(gè)時(shí)候還在修建。Thisroad_____________________________________________lastyear.被動(dòng)語態(tài)專題練習(xí)-用被動(dòng)語態(tài)改寫畫線部分Sinceancienttimes,storytellinghasbeenawaytoshareandpassonwisdom.OneimportantearlyworkthatdidsowasAesop'sFables,acollectionofstoriesthathistorycreditstoAesop,aGreekstoryteller.(1)PeoplebelievethathelivedinAncientGreecebetween620BCand564BC.(2)Mostofthecharactersinhisstoriesareanimals,thequalitiesofwhichAesopusedtoreflecthumantraitsandwisdom.EachfableteachesalifelessonthatAesopsummarisesinashortphraseattheendofthestory,calledamoral(寓意).(3)Today,childrenandadultsallaroundtheworldstillenjoyAesop'sFables._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________單元語法填空專題練習(xí)AJourneytotheCenteroftheEarthisan1864sciencefictionnovelbyJulesVerne.Thescientificknowledgeinthebookisold,butthishasnothingtodowiththepopularityofthebook.Therearethreemaincharactersinthebook:Axel,the1.____________(narrate)ofthestory,hisuncle,ProfessorLidenbrock,thescientistofgeology,andHansBjelke,their2.____________(faith)guide.Asanimpetuous(沖動(dòng)的)andsingle-mindedperson,theprofessorinsisted3.____________continuingthejourney,andfinally4.____________(manage)it.Hanswassilentandincrediblycalm.Aslongastheprofessorhiredhimandpaidhiswages5.______________(regular),hecoulddoanythingforhim,despitetheseeminglyhopelesssituation.Hisfaith,courageandexcellentskillssaved6.____________othertwocompanionsseveraltimes.Oneday,theprofessorfoundabook,7.____________describedthewaydowntothecenteroftheEarth.Heandhiscompanionsgotwellequippedeventually,8.____________(start)theiradventurousjourney.Whatwaswaitingforthem?Well,wecanonlyfigurethisoutbyreadingthebook.Thebookisashortone.Somewordsinitmaybedifficult9.____________(understand).Butdon'tworry!Notknowingthesewordswillnotstopusunderstandingtheplot.Andtherest10.____________(be)easy.Therefore,itshouldbeasuitablebookforhighschoolstudentsandthefansofsciencefiction.單元寫作練習(xí)假定你是李華,你的美國(guó)筆友Mike想要了解一位中國(guó)科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)的智能家務(wù)機(jī)器人,請(qǐng)你給他回一封郵件進(jìn)行介紹。假定你是李華,你的美國(guó)筆友Mike想要了解一位中國(guó)科學(xué)家設(shè)計(jì)的智能家務(wù)機(jī)器人,請(qǐng)你給他回一封郵件進(jìn)行介紹。內(nèi)容包括：1.智能家務(wù)機(jī)器人的功能;2.它帶來的便利。DearMike,_________________________________________(非常高興收到你的信)inwhichyouinquiredaboutanintelligenthouseholdrobotdesignedbyaChinesescientist,I'm