詞匯課堂版本：新譯林單元：必修三Unit4(Extendedreading—Project)本單元詞匯梳理1.involve：in-(進入、使)+-volve(卷入)，詞源義和基本義是“使卷入”

詞塊：involvedoingsth,involvesb/oneselfin(doing)sth

派生詞：involved,involvement2.credit：cred(totrust信任)+-it(名詞后綴)→信任

一詞多義，基本義為“信任”；熟詞生義“學分”

詞塊：creditcard3.moral：詞塊：moralstandards；派生詞：morally,immoral4.apply：一詞多義：基本義“一物用在另一物上(use)”詞塊：applyforajob,applytouniversity,applytosb,applysunscreen,applyoneselfto

詞族：apply,applicant,application5.mystery：抽象名詞具體化：意為“神秘的事物”時是可數名詞派生詞：mysterious

6.ignorance：ignorance：i-(in-不)+gnor(toknow)+-ance(名詞后綴)

→不知道→無知7.freedom：free(adj自由的)+-dom(表示狀況或狀態)8.authority：author(n

作者)+-ity(名詞后綴)

一詞多義：基本義“權威”詞塊：anauthorityon,inauthority,theauthorities9.permit：permit：per-(through完全、始終)+mit(letgo/send放出、送出)→完全放出→許可

permit與allow用法一樣，比allow正式；派生詞：permission10.responsibility：responsible+-ity

詞塊：take/haveresponsibilityfor=beresponsiblefor,accept/shoulderresponsibility,it’sone’sresponsibilitytodosth11.declare：de-(表示強調)+clare(toclarify澄清；闡明)→說清楚；講明白→宣布；聲稱

派生詞：declaration

12.nationality：national(adj國家的)+-ity(名詞后綴)詞族：nation,national,nationality,international13.putforward：一詞多義，基本義“把……提前”14.evolution：evolve(v

進化)+-ion15.publish：詞源同public，詞源義為“makepubliclyknown”→使(作品等)公開化→出版、發表

派生詞：publisher,publishing16.marriage：marry—marriageinvolvecreditdeclare重難點詞精講applyresponsibilityauthority一詞多義英語釋義一詞多義一詞多義熟詞生義搭配義英語釋義publish一詞多義詞根詞綴permit英語釋義搭配義本杰明·富蘭克林（BenjaminFranklin,1706—1790），美國政治家,美國獨立戰爭時期重要的領導人之一。同時他也是一位物理學家，發明了避雷針，最早提出電荷守恒定律。這是一句教育名言，有人說它出自本杰明?富蘭克林，更多的人認為它是一句荀子經典語錄的英文版。你能把這個句子翻譯成中文嗎？荀子involve不聞不如聞之，聞之不如見之，見之不如知之，知之不如行之；學至于行之而止矣。行之，明也。——《荀子·儒效》involvevt

包含；需要tomakesthnecessaryinanactivityorsituation：involve(doing)sth:Acrosstalkperformanceinvolvestalking,imitating,singingandtellingjokes.Theworkofateacherinvolvesloveanddevotion.2010上海改詞源解讀：involve：in-(進入、使)+-volve(卷入)，詞源義和基本義是“使卷入”同義異構：include

涉及；影響toaffectorberelatedtosb/sth：Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople,putyourselfintheirpositions.2009上海Howmanyvehicleswereinvolvedinthecrash?

使參加tomakesbtakepartinsth：involvesb/oneself(insth):Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.2014福建同義異構：affect,influence同義異構：takepartin/participateininvolved

adj

參與的；投入的：be/getinvolved(in/with):Whateveryoudo,don’tbeabystander.Get

involved.2016

四川Childrencangetalotoutofbeinginvolvedinvolunteerwork.Fathersareencouragedtobemoreinvolvedwiththeirchildren.involvement

n[U]參與

【詞匯拓展】同義詞：participationinvolve語義網絡圖包含需要“使卷入”因而包含涉及；影響“使（人）卷入”某項活動使參加“使卷入”因而是必要組成部分“使卷入”因而與之有關聯involve使卷入creditcard在我們的生活中處處可見，你知道TA的故事來源嗎？creditcreditcredit

據說第一張信用卡(creditcard)是由就餐者俱樂部(DinersClub)發行的，這張卡的發明者是該俱樂部的創始人——弗蘭克?麥克納馬拉(FrankMcNamara)。有一次弗蘭克請客吃飯，卻偏偏忘了帶錢夾，付賬時尷尬萬分。通達的老板解圍說：“我知道你信譽

(credit)一向非常好，下次來一起付吧。”這起意外使弗蘭克得到了啟發，他和朋友施耐德(RalphSchneider)合作，在紐約創辦了“就餐者俱樂部”，為200名會員發放一張證明身份和支付能力的卡片，他們憑卡片可以在紐約27家飯店用餐而不需帶現金(cash)，到時只要和就餐者俱樂部一次清賬就可以了。信用卡就是一種信貸

(credit)。

[U]

信用；信譽：gain/lose

credit

Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.2016浙江

[U]

賒賬；信貸：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoupayincashorbycreditcard

inthisstore.2012山東改Mostnewcarsareboughton

credit.credit

R3

ncredit來自詞根cred(tobelieve,trust相信、信任)，

基本義為“信任”

[C]&[U]存款額：I’llputa300-dollarcreditonyouraccount.2010北京

[U]贊揚；功勞praiseorapprovalthatyougivetosbforsththeyhavedonewell：Ican’ttakeallthecredit

for

theshow’ssuccess—itwasateameffort.Theynevergivemeanycredit

foralltheextraworkIdo.

[C]學分：Idon’thaveenoughcreditstograduate.tosb’scredit為某人增光；值得贊揚：Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas,buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.同義異構：praise

[不用于進行時]認為是……的功勞；把……歸功于：Thecompanyiscreditedwithinventingtheindustrialrobot.Muchoftheteam’ssuccesscanbecreditedto

theirmanager.credit

v信任（基本義）credit學分基于“信任”的延期付款被“信任”能還款的狀態贊揚；功勞做出成績被“信任”credit語義網絡圖被“信任”的學業成績基于“信任”的存款存款額賒賬；信貸信用；信譽認為是……的功勞；把……歸功于nvapply詞源義：bringthingsincontactwithoneanother，使事物接觸彼此，即“一物用在另一物上”(touse)。

vt

涂；敷：Apply

thesunscreen/cream/lotionevenlyto

yourfaceandneck.

vt努力；使專注于：

Recently,hehasappliedhimselftohisstudies.乳液等用于皮膚

vt手壓；腳踩：applythebrakesHeslowedthebleedingbyapplyingpressuretothewounds.手腳等用于某物上將精力等長期用于某事

vi申請

tomakeaformalrequest,usuallyinwriting：①applyforsth:applyforajob/passport/visaIamwritingtoapplyforthepostofvolunteerforour

schoolEnglishassociation.2018浙江書面表達②

applytosb/sth(forsth):applytoacompany/university③

applytodosth:Heappliedtostudycompositionwiththewell-known

musician.2013山東將才能等用于工作/任務

vi&vt[不用于進行時](對……)適用；(對……)有效：

If

theconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.2014山東

vt運用；應用；使用：Weplantoapply

whatwewilllearninclassto

ourfutureprofessionsandtoourlives.2018全國改將知識、技術等用于某領域將抽象事物用于某人或某情景一物用在另一物上（基本義）apply手壓；腳踩乳液等用于皮膚將知識、技術等用于某領域將抽象事物用于某人或某情景努力；使專注于將精力等長期用于某事apply語義網絡圖手腳等用于某物上將才能等用于工作/任務（對……）適用/有效申請涂；敷運用；應用；使用【拓展】同族詞apply,applicant,applicationapplicant

n[C]申請人；應征者：successfulapplicants【溫故】application

n[C]&[U]

申請；申請書；申請表：

應用；運用；[縮略為app]應用程序：makepracticalapplicationof

newtechnology

toteachingThisisanewinventionthatwillhaveawiderangeofapplications

inindustry.ajobapplicationaccept/rejectsb’sapplicationfillin/outanapplication(form)同義異構：useauthority詞源解讀

在古歐洲，能解決爭端的書或文章等都是有權威的，而能寫出這些書籍和文章的人即作者也都是很有權威的人。在歷史發展過程中，由“有權威的篇章”這一具體的概念衍生出抽象釋義“權威；權力”等。authority的各層釋義都與“權威”有關，故基本義為“權威”。author(n

作者)+-ityauthorityn

[C]權威人士；專家；泰斗(specialist)：Heisanauthorityonvocabulary.

[U]權威；權力；當權thepowertogiveorderstopeople：Teenagers,whentheygrowup,begintoquestiontheirparents’authorityandwisdom.InSingapore,rankisimportantandauthorityisrespected.2014浙江改CouldIspeaktosomeonein

authority

(=whohasapositionofpower)here,please?

[U]（正式的）許可；授權theofficialrightorpermissiontodosth：Noonemayenterwithoutmyauthority.

[C]［常用復數］官方；當局：healthauthorities

Wereportedthetrainaccidenttotheauthorities.外國人在中國居住和工作，需要有居留許可證（residencepermit）、就業證（employmentpermit）。如果你在外國留學期間工作，也需要有許可證。residencepermit居留許可證employmentpermit就業證permit&permission同根詞：

admit:

ad-(to去)+mit(toletgo,send放行，送)→容許……進入

commit:

com-(together一起)

+mit(tosend送)→將人送去承擔義務等

→（使）承擔義務；（使）作出保證permit詞源解讀per-(through通過)+mit(tosend送)→送其過去使通過→許可；準許permitv[正式用語]

vt

許可；準許toallowsthtohappenorsbtodosth反forbidMobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereinthelibrary.2013

天津①permitsbsth:Pleasepermitmeafewwords.②permitsbtodosth:Hepermittedmetoretakethetest,andIpulledmygradetoanA.

vi&vt（使）成為可能：I’llpickyouupattheairportiftimepermits.We’llstarttomorrow,weatherpermitting(=iftheweatherisgoodenough).Cashmachinespermit

you

towithdrawmoneyatanytime.注：permit和allow的用法相似，permit是正式用語；指天氣、時間等客觀因素允許時，只能用permit。permit

n[C]許可證；執照：aresidence/parkingpermit【詞匯拓展】permission

n[C]許可；準許：askpermissionHeenteredtheroomwithoutpermission.Withyourpermission,I’dliketotalktoyoursonalone.permissiontodosth:Giveyourselfpermissiontorestwhenyou’retired.2010安徽注意動詞和名詞發音不同友誼是一種甜蜜的責任，絕不是一種機會。 ——紀伯倫紀·哈·紀伯倫（KahlilGibran,1883

—1931）黎巴嫩作家、詩人、畫家，阿拉伯文學的主要奠基人，20世紀阿拉伯新文學道路的開拓者之一，被稱為藝術天才、黎巴嫩文壇驕子。其主要作品有《淚與笑》(ATearandaSmile)，《先知》(TheProphet)，《沙與沫》(SandandFoam)等，紀伯倫、魯迅和泰戈爾是近代東方文學走向世界的先驅。

[U]&[C]責任；職責：

shoulder(a)responsibilityThemediahasamoralresponsibilitytoreportnewstruthfully.Itisourresponsibility/Wehavearesponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment.—OK,I’vehadenoughofit.Igiveup.—Youcan’trunawayfrom/escapeyourresponsibilities.2012江蘇改

[U]（對不良事件所負的）責任：Takingresponsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamarkofgreatmaturity.

2010天津Nooneiswillingtoacceptresponsibilityfortheaccident.responsibilitynresponsible+-ityhavearesponsibilityfor(doing)sth/todosthaccept/assume/bear/shoulder/takeresponsibilityforsthresponsibilityfallsonsbshareresponsibilityavoid/escaperesponsibilityabig/heavy/hugeresponsibilityfull/totalresponsibilitycollective/sharedresponsibilitysocialresponsibilityasenseofresponsibilityresponsibility的搭配declare

vt

宣布；聲明tosaysthofficiallyorpublicly：InSeptember1939,BritaindeclaredwaronGermanyafterGermanyinvadedPoland.①declare+that從句:Thecourtdeclaredthatstrikeactionwasillegal.②declaresth/sb(tobe)sth:Theareahasbeendeclaredanationalpark.③declaresth+adj:Thechairmandeclaredtheceremonyopen;allofuspresentcheered.de-(表示強調)+clare(toclarify澄清；闡明)→說清楚；講明白→宣布；聲稱declare

聲稱；宣稱tostatesthfirmlyandclearly：HedeclaredthathewouldputhumansonMarsinlessthanadecade.Elladeclaredherself(tobe)happyandsatisfied.

申報（納稅品等）：Ifyouhavenothingtodeclare,gothroughtheGreenChannel.?declarationn[C]&[U]聲明；宣告；宣言：TheDeclarationofIndependence《獨立宣言》（TheDeclarationofIndependence）是一份于1776年7月4日由托馬斯·杰斐遜起草，并由其它13個殖民地代表簽署的最初聲明美國從英國獨立的文件。publishv

vt出版；發行：Thecompanyhaspublishedallofthatauthor’sworks.

vt&vi刊登/發表（作品）：TheresultsofhisexperimentswerepublishedinChinain1966.?

publishingn[U]出版（業）?

publishern[C]出版商publish詞源同public，詞源義為“makepubliclyknown”→使（作品等）公開化→出版；發表publish詞源解讀本單元的詞根詞綴說出下列單詞的詞根詞綴的漢語釋義。1.Thechairmansteppedontotheplatformanddeclaredthemeetingopen.declare：de-（表示強調）+clare（toclarify澄清；___________）→說清楚、講明白→___________2.Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.（2016浙江）credit：cred（totrust）+-it（名詞后綴）→被___________能還款的狀態→___________3.Mobilephoneconversationsarenotpermittedanywhereinthelibrary.（2013天津）permit：per-（through完全、始終）+mit（toletgo/send放出、送出）→完全___________→___________說清楚宣布信任信用放出許可/允許4.HeraisedhisglassandindicatedthatIshoulddothesame.indicate：in-（toward向、對著）+dic（tosay說）+-ate（動詞后綴）→對著人說→__________5.Ibecameinterestedinplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.（2019全國）accident：ac-（to向、朝）+cid（tofall___________）+-ent（名詞后綴）→突然落向人的事→_________6.Youmayrealisethatheorshewasactingoutofignorance,fearandevenlove.ignorance：i-（in-不）+gnor（toknow）+-ance（名詞后綴）→不知道→_________指示/示意英語單詞構詞法的核心部分在于詞根，詞根決定單詞的意思。詞根可以單獨構成單詞，也可以通過添加前綴或后綴構成新詞。了解詞根意思，掌握構詞規律，有助于準確、高效記憶詞匯。落下意外無知本單元金句匯總1.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.2014福建2.Childrencangetalotoutofbeinginvolvedinvolunteerwork.3.Ican’ttakeallthecredit

for

theshow’ssuccess—itwasateameffort.4.IamwritingtoapplyforthepostofvolunteerforourschoolEnglishassociation.2018浙江書面表達5.Itisourresponsibility/Wehavearesponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment.6.Takingresponsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamarkofgreatmaturity.

2010天津7.Thechairmandeclaredtheceremonyopen;allofuspresentcheered.隨堂檢測involve一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesin

communityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.（2014福建）___________2.Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspendingquitealotoftimewithstudents.（2013福建） ___________3.“Genius”isacomplicatedconcept（復雜的概念）,involvingmanydifferentfactors.（2012上海） ___________4.Thetestwillinvolveansweringquestionsaboutaphoto. ___________參加

需要

涉及

包含二、根據所給漢語，用適當的詞塊完成下列句子。1.Parentsshould______________________（參與）theirchild’seducation.2.Morethan100people______________________（參與）theproject.3.Iwasso______________________（全神貫注地看書）thatIdidn’thearyouknock.involvethemselvesinwereinvolvedininvolvedinmybook寫出下列句子中credit的漢語釋義。1.Givingpubliccredit

tosomeonewhohasearneditisthebestleadershiptechniqueintheworld.（2005廣東）

__________2.WordthatIwastrustworthyandhard-workinggotaroundtown.AlocalclothingstoreofferedmecreditalthoughIwasonlyinseventhgrade.（2003北京） __________3.Thelibraryhaslockersforstudentstostorethings.Whenyouhavegotatleast40credits,youmayrentalocker.（2013天津改） __________4.Itwashardtocreditsomeofthestoriesweheardabouther.__________5.Heisagreatyoungmanwhoisacredittohisfamilyandtohisschool. __________6.What’sthecreditlimit

onyourcreditcard? __________credit贊揚賒賬學分信任；相信為……增光信用額度漢譯英。1.申請志愿者的工作________________________________2.將所學用于實踐________________________________3.涂抹化妝品_______________4.施壓/用力____________________5.Benwoulddowellifonlyhe____________________（努力）.

(apply)applyforajobasavolunteerapplywhatonehaslearnedtopracticeapplymake-upapplypressure/forceappliedhimselfapply6.我的申請若能得到您的批準，我將感激不盡。（2011重慶書面表達）_____________________________________________________7.這些規定對所有人都適用，包括你。______________________________________________________8.我正在申請一家外企的暑期兼職工作，剛剛寫完了求職信和簡歷。（2016全國書面表達改）______________________________________________________Iwouldappreciateitifmyapplicationcouldgetyourapproval.Therulesapplytoeveryone,includingyou.I’mapplyingforapart-timejobataforeigncompanyduringthesummervacation,andIhavejustcompletedmyapplicationletterandresume.authority寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Theauthoritieshaverefusedtolethimenterthecountry. __________2.Weneedtogetthesupportofsomeoneinauthority. __________3.Hehastheauthorityforhandlingthismatter. __________4.Sheisoneoftheworld’sleadingauthoritiesonfish. __________5.I’llgivemylawyersauthoritytoactonmybehalf. __________當局權威權利專家授權一、在空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。1.Nopetsexceptfish____________(permit)instudentrooms.（2015天津）2.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather__________(permit).（2012全國改）3.Passengersarepermitted_______(carry)onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.（2011天津改）4.IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter_______________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.（2016全國）arepermitted

permitting

tocarry

(tobe)permitted

permit5.—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—Itdepends.Iftime___________(permit),ImaygotoShanghaiwithmyfriends.（2012福建）6.VisitorswishingtoleavetheCastleforrefreshments（點心）inthetownmayobtainre-entry___________(permit)fromthecastleshops.（2010天津）7.Youmustask__