Unit2UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusage黃黎娜

株洲市南方中學黃黎娜全國教師基本功大賽一等獎株洲市高三教學資源組成員株洲市骨干教師培訓優秀成員2019年“一師一優課”部級優課KeypointsofrelativeclausesKeypointsofrelativeclausesWeusethat

inrestrictiverelativeclausesinsteadofnon-restrictiverelativeclausestoindicatepersonsorthings.Forexample,Initsbroadestsense,comfortfoodreferstoanyfoodthat

makesusfeelbetter.1Wecanleaveoutthat/who/whom/whichwhenitistheobjectinrestrictiverelativeclauses.Forexample,

Wearethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethings(that/which)weuseeveryday.Inthissentence,therelativepronounthat/which

isusedastheobjectintheclause,soitcanbeleftout.2However,innon-restrictiverelativeclauses,wedon'tomittherelativepronouns.Forexample,

ThisismyEnglishteacher,

whom

Ilikebest.Inthissentence,therelativepronounwhom

isusedastheobjectintheclause,butitcan'tbeleftout.Innon-restrictiverelativeclauses,therelativepronounwhichcannotonlyrefertoathingoragroupofthings,butalsothemainclauseasawhole.Forexample,Hemissedtheshow,whichwasapity.Inthissentence,whichmeansthesituationtalkedaboutinthemainclause－“hemissedtheshow”.3Whentheprepositionisbeforetherelativepronoun,weusetherelativepronounwhichorwhom,andtheycan'tbeomitted.Forexample,

Ihavebeentomanybigcities,allofwhichhaveleftadeepimpressiononme.

Iadmiremyfatheralot,fromwhom

Ilearnalot.4

Ihavethesamebookas

hehas.Inrestrictiverelativeclauses,wecanusetherelativepronounastorefertoapartofthemainclause,especiallyinthesentencepatternsas...as...,such...as...

andthesame...as....Forexample,5

As

isknowntoall,theMoontravelsaroundtheEarth.Innon-restrictiverelativeclauses,wecanusetherelativepronounastorefertothewholemainclause.As

canbeputatthebeginning,themiddleortheendoftheclause.Forexample,6

Inrestrictiverelativeclauses,weoftenuserelativepronounthatinsteadofwhich

inthefollowingcases:1.Theantecedentistheindefinitepronounlikeall,little,few,much,everything,anything,none,some...:

Doyouhaveanythingthat

youwanttotellme?2.Theantecedentismodifiedbythewordliketheonly,thevery,any,no,all,few,thelast...:

Thisistheverybook

that

I'mlookingfor.

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3.Theantecedentisthesuperlativeoritismodifiedbythesuperlative:

ThisisthemostbeautifulpaintingthatIhaveeverseen.4.Theantecedentistheordinaloritismodifiedbytheordinal:

Hewasthefirststudentthatfinishedthehomework.

5.Theantecedentsincludethethingandtheperson:

IwillneverforgetthethingsandpersonsthatImetinmyhighschool.6.Avoidrepetition:

Whichisthewalletthatyoulost?

Idon'tliketheway(inwhich/that)

youtalkwithyourparents.Whentheantecedentistheway,andthewayisusedastheadverbialintherelativeclause,wecanuseinwhich/that

astherelativewords,orwecanomitthem.Forexample,

8Let'sdosomeexercises!Exerciseone:Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structureswherenecessary.1.Iseetheseyoungpeopleasrolemodels________areactuallydoingtheirpartinmakingadifference.2.Whatreallypuzzledmewasnottheproblemitself,buttheway___________itwasputforward.3.Thereason___________somestudentsfailedthetestisthattheywerenotwellprepared.4.Newstudentsneedtolearnabouttheschoolrules,________iscommonpracticeinmanyplaces.5.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Ineedtorushtotheclassrooms________windowsareopen.

who/that(inwhich/that)why/forwhichwhichwhoseExerciseone:Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structureswherenecessary.6.Ifyouarenotsurehowtowriteanargumentativeessay,youcanrefertothethirdchapterofthewritingbook,____________thisissueisaddressed.7.Johnismybestfriendandheisoneofthepeople________Ihavecompleteconfidencein.8.Wearrivedhomethreehourslater,________thesnowhadcometoastop.9.

________youcansee,wecanlookataproblemfromdifferentangles.10.Thebookdiscussestheextent________people’sliveshavechangedoverthepast20years.

where/inwhichwho/whomwhenAstowhichExercisetwo:Fillintheblankswithoneword.1.

The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum_________openedin1759.(2020新高考，語法填空)

2.InancientChinalivedanartist________paitingswerealmostlifelike.(2020課標全國III，語法填空)3.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9a.m.to5p.m.dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.

(2019課標全國II，語法填空)4.Theywerealltrainedbytheirmasters________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019課標全國III，語法填空)

which/thatwhosewhichwho/thatExercisetwo:Fillintheblankswithoneword.5.

Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapilekitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,________itremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafytopaccide