河南省南陽(yáng)地區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末適應(yīng)性考試英語(yǔ)試題一、第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Somepeopleareinterestedinvolunteerservice,andherearefourprogramsforvolunteerservice.Withjustaclickofthemouse,youwillgetmoredetailedinformation.VolunteerBoardPosition—SecretaryWelcometoGoSinergy,whereweareworkinghardtomaketheworldbetter.Asanon-profitorganization,GoSinergyisdevotedtoempoweringcommunitiesthroughavarietyofeducationalandcommunityrichnessprograms.AtGoSinergy,weworktogethertopromoteequalityforallanduseourstrengthstosupportandteach.Ourpositiveapproachensureswelearnfromeverysituationtoimprovegrowthandbuildalargecommunitythatisfocusedoncreatingpositivechange.Adoption(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))AssistanceCoordinatorThevolunteersneedtoworkwithpetownerswhoneedtogiveuptheirpetstofindthemnewhomesthroughouradoptionassistanceprogram.Thepositioninvolvesorganizingmeetingsandgreetsbetweenownersandpossibleadopters,organizingmeetingsofanimalsforpersonalitymatchingandsoon.AStudyZoneReadingBuddyattheNewcastleLibraryHelpstudentspracticeandgetexcitedaboutreading!StudyZoneprovidesmanyacademicsupportsforK-12studentsinthelibraryandonlineandweneedvolunteerstohelpushostourprograms.ReadingBuddydutiesinclude:Sharee-booksonscreenandlookthroughthepagesasstudentsread;coach1-2studentsatatimeonpronunciation,pace,comprehension,etc;keeptrackofstudents'readingtime.MathTutors—Summer(ElementaryMathtoCalculus)Remote(遠(yuǎn)程的)mathtutorsforthesummercanhelpstudentsfromelementarythroughhighschoollevels,focusingonsubjectsincludingPre-Algebra(預(yù)備代數(shù)),Algebra1,Algebra2,Calculusandsoon.Thisplanaimstoreducetheeducationalstopscausedbycertainreasonsorbyprovidingstudentswiththesupportandprofessionalknowledgeneededtobeverygoodinmathematics.1．WhatarethevolunteersinAdoptionAssistanceCoordinatorrequiredtodo?A．Educateownersgivinguptheirpets.B．Findnewhomesforpets.C．Organizegatheringsamongpetowners.D．Arrangemeetingsbetweenthepetsandtheirowners.2．WhichprogramismostsuitableforavolunteerdoingwellinPre-Algebra?A．VolunteerBoardPosition—Secretary.第1頁(yè)B．AdoptionAssistanceCoordinator.C．AStudyZoneReadingBuddyattheNewcastleLibrary.D．MathTutors—Summer(ElementaryMathtoCalculus).3．Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A．Inaliteraturebook.B．Onawebsite.D．Inaresearchpaper.C．Inatravelbrochure.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ThevastmajorityofSpain'strainswillbefreeuntiltheendoftheyearinanewprogram.PeoplevisitingtheWestEuropeancountrycannowwhizz(飛速行駛)acrossitintherelativeluxuryofoneofitstrainsforzerocost.Aswellasbeingmuchbetterfortheenvironmentthanairtravel,sittingonatrainandwatchingthecountrysideslipbyistheperfectwaytogettoknowacountry.UnderSpain'snewprogram,allshortandmediumtrainridesarefree—withtherightticket—providingtheperfectopportunitytoseeCatalonia,AndaluciaandtheBasqueCountry.Touristscantakeadvantageofthediscounts,whichhavebeenbroughtintohelpthepopulationdealwiththecostoflivingcrisis,iftheybuymulti-journeytickets."I'dlikethepeopleofSpaintoknowthatI'mfullyawareofthedailydifficultiesthatmostpeoplehave,"aseniorofficialsaid."Iknowsalariescoverlessandlessandthatit'sdifficulttogettotheendofthemonth."Thecountry'sMinistryofTransportsaidthemeasurewouldhelppeoplegettoworksafelyasfuelpricescontinuetorisesharply.SpainjoinsGermanyincuttingthepriceofpublictransport,withthelattercountrylaunchingaticketcosting€9whichgivesafullmonthoftravelfromJuneuntiltheendofAugust.Austriahasstartedofferingaclimateticket,whichallowspeopletocompletejourneysforjust€3.Whenitwasfirstlaunchedlastyear,thepopularityoftheticketalmostcauseditswebsitetocrash.TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel.4．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheprogram?A．Itisofbenefittotheenvironment.B．Peoplestillhavedoubtaboutit.C．ThetrainsinSpainarecompletelyfreenow.D．SpainistheonlycountryinEuropetocuttransportcosts.5．Whatisthemainpurposeofintroducingtheprogram?A．Tolowerfuelprices.B．Torelievethestressofairlinebusiness.C．TopromotetourismandbenefitpeopleofSpain.D．Toshowthegovernment'sconcernforthepublic.第2頁(yè)6．WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheUKgovernment'spractice?A．Negative.B．Admiring.C．Inattentive.D．Praiseworthy.7．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Thepopularityoftheclimateticket.B．Theeconomicbenefitsoftheprogram.C．Theprogram'sgreatbenefitstohealth.D．Thepracticesonpublictransportinsomecountries.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Today,manypeoplespendalotoftimereadingonline.Whetherreadingnewsore-books,peoplearespendingmoretimestaringatscreens.Whileonlinereadingopensupagreatdealofknowledgetopeople,therearesomedisadvantagestoo,suchastiredeyes,headaches,aswellasdifficultyinfocusingonthetext.Nowanewreadingsystem,BionicReadingdevelopedbyaSwisscompany,canhelppeopleovercometheseissues,andmostimportantly,itaimstohelppeoplereadfasteronlineanddevelopamorein-depthunderstandingofthecontent.Thereadingsystemimprovesthereadingprocessbyguidingtheeyesthroughthetextwithartificialfixationpoints.Inshort,somepartsofthewordsaredisplayedinbold(粗體的).Asaresult,thereaderonlyfocusesonthehighlightedlettersandletsthebraincentercompletetherest.Yourbraincan"read"fasterthanyoureyes,sobyreducingthenumberoflettersyoureyeneedstolookat,youcanreadfasterwhilestillpreservingthefullcontext.Thecompanydiscoveredthesystembyaccident.Theywereworkingondesigningabookinaforeignlanguageandrealizedtheycouldreaditiftheysectioneditoff.TheyworkedforsixyearstodevelopBionicReadingandarestillworkingtoadjustit.Anearlystudywasconductedbutmoreresearchisneededbeforeitcanbedefinitivelyshownthatthesystemimprovesreading.SomepeoplewithADHD(注意缺陷多動(dòng)障礙)haveprovedthatBionicReadinghelpsthemfocusandunderstandwhattheyarereading.Otherpeopledon'tseemtonoticeabigdifferencecomparedtotheregulartext.There'salsonoevidencetosuggestBionicReadingisanybetterthantheregulartext.ThebestwaytoknowifBionicReadinghelpsyoureadbetteronlineistotryityourself.8．WhatisthemainpurposeofBionicReading?A．Tomakeonlinereadingmoreinteresting.B．Tofigureoutseveralonlinereadingproblems.C．Toimproveonlinereadingspeedandunderstanding.D．Tostudytheeffectsofonlinereadingonthebrain.9．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Theeffectofcurrentonlinereading.第3頁(yè)B．ThecreationstoryofBionicReading.C．TheadvantagesofBionicReading.D．TheprincipleofBionicReading.10．WhatcanweinferaboutBionicReadingfromthelastparagraph?A．Itonlyhelpswithforeignlanguages.B．Itseffectvariesamongdifferentindividuals.C．Itisbetterthantraditionalreadingmethods.D．Researchprovesitworksforeveryone.11．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．OnlineReadingIsOfGreatBenefitB．ANewSystemImprovesOnlineReadingC．TraditionalReadingFacesNewChallengesD．BionicReadingChangesOurReadingHabits閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Organic(不使用化肥的)farmersproducefoodwithleasthelpfrompesticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑),butinlimitingtheuseofchemicalsontheirownland,theymaybeunknowinglycausinganincreaseinpesticideuseovertheirneighbour'sfence(柵欄).AshleyLarsenattheUniversityofCaliforniaandhercolleagueslookedintoland-useandpesticidedataacross14,000fieldsinKernCounty,California.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenorganicfarmlandissurroundedbyconventional(傳統(tǒng)的)agriculture,neighbouringfarmersseemtoincreasetheirpesticideuse,witha10%riseinorganiccroplandbeinglinkedtoa0.3%increaseintotalpesticideuseonconventionalfields.Mostofthisisdrivenbygreateruseofpesticides,theresearchersfound.Thismaybebecausemoreinsectstendtoliveonorganiclandandspilloverintoneighbouringfields,causingconventionalfarmerstheretoincreasepesticideuse,accordingtoLarsen.Theeffectappearsstrongestwhenneighbouringfieldsarewithin2.5kilometresoftheorganic"focalfield".However,theresearchersnotedthatthepresenceoforganicfarmlandislinkedtoareductioninpesticideuseonneighbouringorganicfields,witha10%increaseintheareaofnearbyorganiccroplandbeingrelatedtoa3%decreaseintotalpesticideuseonorganicfocalfields.Thismaybebecausethelargerareaoforganicfarmlandallowsforabiggerandmorestable(穩(wěn)定的)communityofbeneficialinsects.Whenorganicagriculturemakesupahighrateoffarmland—perhaps20%ormore—netpesticideusedecreasesnomatterwheretheorganicfieldsaresited,saytheresearchers.Butwhensmallareasoforganicfarmland—likeinKernCounty,whereabout5.5%ofagriculturallandisorganic—evenlyspreadthroughthelandscape,netpesticideusemayinfactbehigherthanwhennoorganicfarmingispresent.第4頁(yè)However,thisimpactcanbesoftenedbybunchinguporganicfarmland.Larsensaid,"Itmightbeworthconsideringhowtoencouragetheconcentrationofneworganicfieldstobasicallytakefulladvantageofitspestcontrolbenefitsandlimitthecostsofbeingorganictoconventionalgrowers.12．What'stheinfluenceoforganicfarmlandonneighbouringconventionalfields?A．Adecreaseinproduction.B．Anincreaseinpesticideuse.C．Adecreaseininsectpopulation.D．Anincreaseinbeneficialinsects.13．Whatiskeytoreducingtotalpesticideuseinanareaaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Thestabilityandpopulationofbeneficialinsects.B．Thefarmers'choiceofcropstogrow.C．Thelocationofthesmallestorganicfarmland.D．Thepopulationoforganicfarmers.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"bunchingup"inthelastparagraphmean?A．Lookinginto.B．Clearingaway.C．Settingup.D．Joiningtogether.15．Whatistheprimaryfocusoftheresearchers'studymentionedinthetext?A．Theeconomicimpactoforganicfarming.B．Theenvironmentalbenefitsoforganicfarming.C．Therelationshipbetweenorganicfarmingandpesticideuse.D．Thevalueoforganicproducecomparedwiththeconventional.二、第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Gettingangryisanormalemotionthateveryoneexperiences.However,regularorcontinuedangercanharmyourhealthinmorewaysthanyoumightthink.Whenyougetangry,yourbodyreactsinwaysthatcancauseproblems.Forexample,astudyfoundthatangercanincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Thisisbecauseangeraffectshowwellyourbloodvessels(血管)work,makingitharderforbloodtoflowproperly.?16．?.Angeralsoaffectsyourstomachanddigestive(和消化有關(guān)的)system.Whenyou'remad,yourbodycanslowdowndigestionandcausestomachpain.Worse,yourbrainsuffersfromtoomuchangeraswell.?17．a(chǎn)ffectsyourabilitytothinkclearlyandrememberthings,possiblyleadingtolong-termcognitive(認(rèn)知的)issues.Sohowcanyoumanageyourangerbetter?Hereareseveraleffectivestrategieswhichcanhelpyouleada?Thishealthierlife.第5頁(yè)Recognizeandacceptyouranger.?18．?Whileoccasionalangerisnormal,long-termangermayindicateadeeperissuethatrequiresattention.?19．?Practicessuchasdeepbreathingexercisesandtalktherapy(療法)canreducethephysicalimpactofangeronthebody.Deepbreathinghelpscalmthenervoussystem,whilediscussingyourfeelingswithaprofessionalcanprovidevaluableviewsandcopingways.Useanger-managementtechniques.Forinstance,insteadofyelling,calmlyexplainthecauseofyourangerandwhatyouneedtofeelbetter.?20．?.A.Identifythecauseofyouranger.B.Takepartinmental-healthexercises.C.Overtime,thiscanleadtoheartdisease.D.Itcandamagesomesystemsofthebrain.E.Itcanaffectyourrelationshipswithyourfriends.F.It'simportanttobeawareofhowoftenyourangeroccurs.G.Calmexpressionofangercanpreventitfromcausingmoreseriousissues.三、第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ShizoKanakuri,atalentedrunner,participatedinthe1912SummerOlympicsmarathonheldinStockholm.Theweatherwasunusually21．,causingmanyathletestostrugglewiththeheat.Likethem,Shizopushedhimselftothelimit,buthisbody22．.Aroundthe30-kilometermark,hegaveintotheheatexhaustionandhadtocouldnotbearthe23．therace.However,dueto24．a(chǎn)ndhurry,he25．toinformtheorganizersofthereasonforhiswithdrawal.Therefore,atthattime,peoplementality.26．himandassumedthathelackedabilityorhadabadYearspassed,andtheworldchangedgreatly.Itwasn'tuntil1966thatSwedishauthoritiesfinally27．whathadhappenedtoShizo.Theydiscoveredthathehadbecomeacoach.They28．backtocompletethemarathonhehadstartedsolongago.Attheageof76,Shizo29．toStockholmandfinishedthemarathon.Histimewas54years,8months,5days,32minutes,and20.3seconds—theslowestmarathontimeeverrecorded.Despitethelengthoftimeittookhim,Shizo30．hisgoalandprovedthatit'snevertoo31．tofinishwhatyou'vestarted.Thenexttimesomeonetellsyouit'stoolatetopursueadreamorcompletea(n)32．,rememberthe33．ofShizoKanakuri.His34．journeyteachesusthatdetermination,perseverance(毅力),andbeliefeventhemostchallengingcircumstances.invitedhiminoneselfcan35．21．A．hotB．wetC．windyD．mild第6頁(yè)22．A．burden23．A．throwoutofC．burstoutof24．A．overconsumptionC．overactB．stressC．tirednessB．dropoutofD．lookoutofB．overdevelopmentD．overproductionC．forgotD．weather25．A．refused26．A．concernedC．misledB．a(chǎn)dmittedD．hopedB．misunderstoodD．a(chǎn)dmiredC．selectedC．usually27．A．explained28．A．definitely29．A．returned30．A．a(chǎn)ttached31．A．ongoing32．A．souvenir33．A．poetry34．A．incredible35．A．biteB．a(chǎn)rguedB．dependentlyB．turnedB．a(chǎn)chievedB．giantD．learnedD．sincerelyD．a(chǎn)ppliedD．recycledD．neatC．a(chǎn)daptedC．a(chǎn)rguedC．lateB．taskC．a(chǎn)ccessoryC．storyD．formB．journalB．sufficientB．replaceD．comicD．sensibleD．defeatC．reliableC．a(chǎn)ppoint四、第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AstheBeijingDanceAcademycelebratesits70thanniversarythisyear,theestablisheddanceschoolhasannouncedthefirstnationwidetourofaselectionofstandoutentriesfromthe13theditionof"TaoliCup"NationalDancingEducationPerformanceofChina.Thenationalevent,launchedbytheacademyin1985,?36．?(hold)everythreeyearssofar.The13th"TaoliCup"featured250programsin?37．?(vary)styles,includingclassicalChinesedance,Chinesefolkdance,ballet,andcontemporarydance.Apart?38．invitingscholarsandexpertstodiscussboththedevelopment?39．thepast40years.?liveperformances,thetouris?achievementsofdanceeducationoverStudentsfrom64schoolsacross27citiesandprovincesparticipated,?40．?(make)itthelargesteventinthecup'shistory.Notably,forthefirsttime,thecompetitionfeaturedcontemporarydance,?41．?isarelativelynewstyleinChinacomparedtotraditionalChinesedanceandChinesefolkdance.ForanyyoungstudentmajoringindanceinChina,the"TaoliCup"isasymbolofsuccessandacleargoal?42．?(pursue).Afterwinningthecompetition,manyyoungChinesedancershavebecomeleading?43．?(figure)inthedanceworldtoday.Theyhavetakenmajorrolesintheaterproductionsandcreated?第7頁(yè)44．?(they)ownworks,promotingthedevelopmentofthedancesceneinChinabygrowingalargefanbase?(especial)amongtheyoung.fortheart,?45．五、第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分46．假定你是李華，你的交換生朋友Tom對(duì)你校最近成立的航天社團(tuán)(aerospaceclub)很感興趣，特發(fā)郵件向你詢問(wèn)。請(qǐng)你給他回一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.社團(tuán)簡(jiǎn)介；2.邀請(qǐng)加入。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearTom,Yours,LiHua六、第二節(jié)(滿分25分47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。TherewasalivelyyoungboynamedJimmywhohadabitofanangerproblem.Hegotangryveryeasily.Wheneversomethingdidn'tgohisway,Jimmywouldshout,stamphisfeet,andsaysomemeanwordstopeople.Forexample,onedayatschool,Jimmy'sclassmateaccidentallyknockedoverhislunchtray(托盤).Jimmyyelledathisclassmate,ignoringthetraythathadfallentothefloor,andstomped(邁著重重的步子走)angrilytothecornerofthecanteen.Anothertime,hislittlebrotherborrowedoneofhisfavoritebookswithoutasking.WhenJimmyfoundout,hescreamedathisbrother,seizedthebookback,andthrewitacrosstheroom,whichmadehisbrothercry.Suchbehaviorworriedhisparents,whowantedtohelpJimmylearntocontrolhistemper(脾氣).Onenight,theysathimdownandhandedhimaspecialnotebookandasetofcolorfulpens."Jimmy,"hismothersaid,"everytimeyoufeelangry,Iwantyoutowriteaboutitinthisnotebook.Writedownwhathappened,howyoufelt,andwhatyoudid."Jimmythoughtthiswasastrangerequest.Helookedatthenotebookandpens."Writingaboutmyanger?"hethought.Butheagreed.Thenextday,whenJimmywasatschool,hisfriendaccidentallybumped(撞)intohim,causinghimtodrophisbooks.Jimmyfeltthefamiliarincreaseofangerrisinginsidehim.Hewasjustabouttoshoutwhenherememberedthenotebookinhisbackpack.Hetookitout,satdown,andbegantowrite.Hewroteaboutthebump,howitmadehimfeel,andwhathewantedtodo.Bythetimehefinishedwriting,hefeltmuchcalmer.Thiscontinuedeveryday.Atfirst,hisnotebookfilledupquicklywithannoyingincidents.Butasthedayspassed,thenotebooksawfewerandfewerintensestories.Jimmyfoundthatwritingdownhisfeelingshelpedhimtocontrolhistemper.Bytheendofthemonth,Jimmynoticedhewaswritinginhisnotebooklessandless.第8頁(yè)注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Oneday,Jimmyrealizedhehadn'twrittenanythinginthenotebookallweekandtoldittohisparents.Jimmywassurprisedtobeaskedtowritesomethingpositiveinhisnotebook.第9頁(yè)答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．D3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四個(gè)志愿服務(wù)項(xiàng)目?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Adoption(領(lǐng)養(yǎng))AssistanceCoordinator部分中的"Thevolunteersneedtoworkwithpetownerswhoneedtogiveuptheirpetstofindthemnewhomesthroughouradoptionassistanceprogram."志愿者需要與需要放棄寵物的寵物主人合作，通過(guò)我們的收養(yǎng)援助計(jì)劃為他們找到新的家?？芍?，AdoptionAssistanceCoordinator的志愿者需要幫助寵物找到新家。故選B。2．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)MathTutors—Summer(ElementaryMathtoCalculus)部分中的"Remote(遠(yuǎn)程的)mathtutorsforthesummercanhelpstudentsfromelementarythroughhighschoollevels,focusingonsubjectsincludingPre-Algebra(預(yù)備代數(shù)),Algebra1,Algebra2,Calculusandsoon."夏季的遠(yuǎn)程數(shù)學(xué)輔導(dǎo)可以幫助從小學(xué)到高中的學(xué)生，重點(diǎn)包括預(yù)備代數(shù)、代數(shù)1、代數(shù)2、微積分等科目?？芍瞄L(zhǎng)預(yù)備代數(shù)的志愿者最適合參加MathTutors—Summer(ElementaryMathtoCalculus)項(xiàng)目。故選D。3．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段"Somepeopleareinterestedinvolunteerservice,andherearefourprogramsforvolunteerservice.Withjustaclickofthemouse,youwillgetmoredetailedinformation."有些人對(duì)志愿服務(wù)感興趣，這里有四個(gè)志愿服務(wù)項(xiàng)目。只需點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)，您將獲得更詳細(xì)的信息。可知，本文介紹了四個(gè)志愿服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，并提到只需點(diǎn)擊鼠標(biāo)就可以獲得更多詳細(xì)信息，可推知，這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)站上。故選B。【答案】4．A5．C6．A7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，報(bào)道了西班牙推出的一項(xiàng)新政策，即年內(nèi)大部分火車乘坐將免費(fèi)，旨在為民眾提供應(yīng)對(duì)生活成本危機(jī)的幫助，同時(shí)也有助于環(huán)保和減少通勤成本。同時(shí)還提及了德國(guó)和奧地利在公共交通票價(jià)上的類似減免措施，并指出英國(guó)政府尚未推出鼓勵(lì)使用火車的計(jì)劃?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和段落大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"ThevastmajorityofSpain'strainswillbefreeuntiltheendoftheyearinanewprogram."根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新計(jì)劃，到今年年底，西班牙絕大多數(shù)火車都將免費(fèi)；以及"Aswellasbeingmuchbetterfortheenvironmentthanairtravel,sittingonatrainandwatchingthecountrysideslipbyistheperfectwayto第10頁(yè)gettoknowacountry."乘火車比乘飛機(jī)旅行對(duì)環(huán)境更有好處，坐在火車上，看著鄉(xiāng)村的景色掠過(guò)，是了解一個(gè)國(guó)家的最佳方式。可推知，這個(gè)計(jì)劃對(duì)環(huán)境是有好處的。故選A。5．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"UnderSpain'snewprogram,allshortandmediumtrainridesarefree—withtherightticket—providingtheperfectopportunitytoseeCatalonia,AndaluciaandtheBasqueCountry.Touristscantakeadvantageofthediscounts,whichhavebeenbroughtintohelpthepopulationdealwiththecostoflivingcrisis,iftheybuymulti-journeytickets."根據(jù)西班牙的新計(jì)劃，所有的中短途火車都是免費(fèi)的——只要你買對(duì)了票——這為你提供了游覽加泰羅尼亞、安達(dá)盧西亞和巴斯克地區(qū)的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)。如果購(gòu)買多次旅行的車票，游客可以利用折扣，這些折扣是為了幫助人們應(yīng)對(duì)生活成本危機(jī)而推出的?？芍?，該計(jì)劃可以促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展；以及"‘I'dlikethepeopleofSpaintoknowthatI'mfullyawareofthedailydifficultiesthatmostpeoplehave,'aseniorofficialsaid.‘Iknowsalariescoverlessandlessandthatit'sdifficulttogettotheendofthemonth.'Thecountry'sMinistryofTransportsaidthemeasurewouldhelppeoplegettoworksafelyasfuelpricescontinuetorisesharply."一位高級(jí)官員表示："我希望西班牙人民知道，我完全了解大多數(shù)人每天面臨的困難。我知道工資越來(lái)越少，而且很難撐到月底。"該國(guó)交通運(yùn)輸部表示，在燃油價(jià)格持續(xù)大幅上漲的情況下，這項(xiàng)措施將幫助人們安全上班。可知，該計(jì)劃還可以讓西班牙普通民眾受益?？赏浦?，這一計(jì)劃的目的是促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展，造福西班牙人民。故選C。6．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel."盡管氣候危機(jī)的嚴(yán)重性以及汽油和柴油汽車造成的損害，但英國(guó)政府尚未宣布任何鼓勵(lì)使用火車的計(jì)劃。相反，政府在3月份將燃油稅下調(diào)了5%，為期12個(gè)月，鼓勵(lì)更多的人開(kāi)車。可知，作者認(rèn)為英國(guó)政府未能像西班牙、德國(guó)和奧地利一樣降低公共交通價(jià)格，而且英國(guó)政府鼓勵(lì)更多的人開(kāi)車也與應(yīng)對(duì)氣候危機(jī)背道而馳?？赏浦髡邔?duì)英國(guó)政府的做法持否定態(tài)度。故選A。7．考查段落大意。根據(jù)最后一段"SpainjoinsGermanyincuttingthepriceofpublictransport,withthelattercountrylaunchingaticketcosting€9whichgivesafullmonthoftravelfromJuneuntiltheendofAugust.Austriahasstartedofferingaclimateticket,whichallowspeopletocompletejourneysforjust€3.Whenitwasfirstlaunchedlastyear,thepopularityoftheticketalmostcauseditswebsitetocrash.TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel."西班牙加入了德國(guó)的行列，開(kāi)始降低公共交通價(jià)格，德國(guó)推出了一張9歐元的車票，從6月到8月底可以坐一個(gè)月的車。奧地利已經(jīng)開(kāi)始提供氣候票，人們只需花3歐元就能完成旅程。去年該彩票首次推出時(shí)，其受歡迎程度幾乎導(dǎo)致其網(wǎng)站崩潰。盡管氣候危機(jī)嚴(yán)重，汽油和柴油汽車造成的破壞也很嚴(yán)重，但英國(guó)政府尚未宣布任何鼓勵(lì)使用火車的計(jì)劃。相反，政府在3月份將燃油稅下調(diào)了5%，為期12個(gè)月，鼓勵(lì)更第11頁(yè)多的人開(kāi)車?？芍径沃饕榻B了其他國(guó)家在公共交通方面的做法，如德國(guó)降低了公共交通的價(jià)格，奧地利開(kāi)始提供氣候票，而英國(guó)政府卻沒(méi)有宣布任何鼓勵(lì)使用火車的計(jì)劃?？赏浦?，最后一段主要介紹了一些國(guó)家在公共交通方面的做法。故選D。【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一種名為"仿生閱讀"（BionicReading）的新型在線閱讀系統(tǒng)。這種系統(tǒng)由瑞士一家公司開(kāi)發(fā)，旨在幫助人們克服長(zhǎng)時(shí)間盯著屏幕閱讀帶來(lái)的視力疲勞、頭痛和注意力難以集中等問(wèn)題，并通過(guò)引導(dǎo)眼睛通過(guò)人工注視點(diǎn)來(lái)提高閱讀速度和理解深度?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，段落大意和標(biāo)題歸納四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Nowanewreadingsystem,BionicReadingdevelopedbyaSwisscompany,canhelppeopleovercometheseissues,andmostimportantly,itaimstohelppeoplereadfasteronlineanddevelopamorein-depthunderstandingofthecontent."現(xiàn)在，一家瑞士公司開(kāi)發(fā)的一種新的閱讀系統(tǒng)仿生閱讀可以幫助人們克服這些問(wèn)題，最重要的是，它旨在幫助人們更快地在線閱讀，并對(duì)內(nèi)容有更深入的理解?？芍律喿x系統(tǒng)旨在幫助人們更快地在線閱讀并更深入地理解內(nèi)容。故選C。9．考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段"Thereadingsystemimprovesthereadingprocessbyguidingtheeyesthroughthetextwithartificialfixationpoints.Inshort,somepartsofthewordsaredisplayedinbold(粗體的).Asaresult,thereaderonlyfocusesonthehighlightedlettersandletsthebraincentercompletetherest.Yourbraincan‘read'fasterthanyoureyes,sobyreducingthenumberoflettersyoureyeneedstolookat,youcanreadfasterwhilestillpreservingthefullcontext."閱讀系統(tǒng)通過(guò)人工注視點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)眼睛通過(guò)文本，從而改善閱讀過(guò)程。簡(jiǎn)而言之，單詞的某些部分以粗體顯示。因此，讀者只關(guān)注突出顯示的字母，而讓大腦中心完成其余的部分。大腦的"閱讀"速度比眼睛快，所以通過(guò)減少眼睛需要看的字母數(shù)量，你可以在保持全文的同時(shí)讀得更快?？芍径沃饕枋隽朔律喿x是如何通過(guò)人工注視點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)眼睛閱讀文本，以及如何通過(guò)突出顯示部分字母來(lái)減少眼睛需要查看的字母數(shù)量，從而提高閱讀速度，即主要講述了仿生閱讀的原理。故選D。10．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"SomepeoplewithADHD(注意缺陷多動(dòng)障礙)haveprovedthatBionicReadinghelpsthemfocusandunderstandwhattheyarereading.Otherpeopledon'tseemtonoticeabigdifferencecomparedtotheregulartext.There'salsonoevidencetosuggestBionicReadingisanybetterthantheregulartext."一些患有多動(dòng)癥的人已經(jīng)證明，仿生閱讀可以幫助他們集中注意力并理解他們正在閱讀的內(nèi)容。其他人似乎沒(méi)有注意到與常規(guī)文本相比有很大的不同。也沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明仿生閱讀比常規(guī)文本更好?？芍詈笠欢翁岬降?2頁(yè)一些人，特別是患有ADHD的人，發(fā)現(xiàn)仿生閱讀有助于他們集中注意力和理解所讀內(nèi)容，而其他人則沒(méi)有明顯感覺(jué)到與常規(guī)文本的差異，即推斷出仿生閱讀的效果因人而異。故選B。11．考查標(biāo)題歸納。根據(jù)第一段中的"Nowanewreadingsystem,BionicReadingdevelopedbyaSwisscompany,canhelppeopleovercometheseissues,andmostimportantly,itaimstohelppeoplereadfasteronlineanddevelopamorein-depthunderstandingofthecontent."現(xiàn)在，一家瑞士公司開(kāi)發(fā)的一種新的閱讀系統(tǒng)仿生閱讀可以幫助人們克服這些問(wèn)題，最重要的是，它旨在幫助人們更快地在線閱讀，并對(duì)內(nèi)容有更深入的理解；以及通讀全文，文章主要介紹了仿生閱讀系統(tǒng)如何幫助改善在線閱讀體驗(yàn)，包括提高閱讀速度和理解能力。"新系統(tǒng)改善在線閱讀"概括文章主要內(nèi)容，符合作文章標(biāo)題。故選B。【答案】12．B13．A14．D15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，分析了有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)周圍農(nóng)田農(nóng)藥使用的影響，基于加州大學(xué)的研究數(shù)據(jù)，探討了有機(jī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)與周圍傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)農(nóng)藥使用之間的關(guān)系?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。12．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Theresearchersfoundthatwhenorganicfarmlandissurroundedbyconventional(傳統(tǒng)的)agriculture,neighbouringfarmersseemtoincreasetheirpesticideuse,witha10%riseinorganiccroplandbeinglinkedtoa0.3%increaseintotalpesticideuseonconventionalfields."研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)有機(jī)農(nóng)田被傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)所包圍時(shí)，鄰近的農(nóng)民似乎會(huì)增加他們的農(nóng)藥使用量，有機(jī)農(nóng)田每增加10%，傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)田的農(nóng)藥使用量就會(huì)增加0.3%?？芍?dāng)有機(jī)農(nóng)田被傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)包圍時(shí)，鄰近的農(nóng)民似乎會(huì)增加他們的農(nóng)藥使用，有機(jī)農(nóng)田增加10%與常規(guī)農(nóng)田農(nóng)藥總使用量增加0.3%相關(guān)。這意味著有機(jī)農(nóng)田對(duì)鄰近的常規(guī)農(nóng)田產(chǎn)生了農(nóng)藥使用量增加的影響。故選B。13．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Thismaybebecausethelargerareaoforganicfarmlandallowsforabiggerandmorestable(穩(wěn)定的)communityofbeneficialinsects."這可能是因?yàn)橛袡C(jī)農(nóng)田的更大面積允許有更大和更穩(wěn)定的有益昆蟲(chóng)群落?？芍?，在有機(jī)農(nóng)田面積較大的情況下，有益昆蟲(chóng)的數(shù)量和穩(wěn)定性增加，這有助于減少農(nóng)藥的使用。故選A。14．考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Larsensaid,‘Itmightbeworthconsideringhowtoencouragetheconcentrationofneworganicfieldstobasicallytakefulladvantageofitspestcontrolbenefitsandlimitthecostsofbeingorganictoconventionalgrowers.'"Larsen說(shuō)："也許值得考慮的是，如何鼓勵(lì)新的有機(jī)農(nóng)田集中種植，以充分利用其防治害蟲(chóng)的好處，并限制傳統(tǒng)種植者種植有機(jī)作物的成本。"可知，Larsen建議可將有機(jī)農(nóng)田集中種植。可推測(cè)，劃線詞bunchingup的意思是"聚集"之意，故選D。第13頁(yè)15．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段"Organic(不使用化肥的)farmersproducefoodwithleasthelpfrompesticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑),butinlimitingtheuseofchemicalsontheirownland,theymaybeunknowinglycausinganincreaseinpesticideuseovertheirneighbour'sfence(柵欄)."不使用化肥的農(nóng)民在生產(chǎn)糧食時(shí)很少使用殺蟲(chóng)劑，但在限制自己土地上使用化學(xué)品的過(guò)程中，他們可能在不知不覺(jué)中導(dǎo)致了鄰居?xùn)艡谏限r(nóng)藥使用量的增加?？芍谝欢尉兔鞔_提出了不使用化肥的農(nóng)民在限制自己土地上化學(xué)品使用的同時(shí)，可能無(wú)意中增加了鄰居農(nóng)田的農(nóng)藥使用量。接下來(lái)的段落進(jìn)一步詳細(xì)分析了這種關(guān)系，包括有機(jī)農(nóng)田對(duì)周圍傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)田農(nóng)藥使用量的影響，以及有機(jī)農(nóng)田聚集在一起時(shí)如何減輕這種影響。因此，研究的主要焦點(diǎn)是有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)與農(nóng)藥使用之間的關(guān)系。故選C?！敬鸢浮?6．C；17．D；18．F；19．B；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了憤怒對(duì)健康的影響，詳細(xì)闡述了憤怒對(duì)心臟、胃和大腦的影響，并給出了一些有效管理憤怒的策略。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查七選五，本文是一篇健康類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空前"Whenyougetangry,yourbodyreactsinwaysthatcancauseproblems.Forexample,astudyfoundthatangercanincreaset