英語語言學試題及答案

一、單項選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.“Thestudyofspeechsounds”iscalled______.A.morphologyB.phonologyC.semanticsD.pragmatics2.Whichofthefollowingisafreemorpheme?A.-tionB.un-C.bookD.-er3.Therelationshipbetween“animal”and“dog”is______.A.hyponymyB.synonymyC.antonymyD.homonymy4.Themeaningofawordisnotinfluencedby______.A.contextB.cultureC.spellingD.register5.“Isawamanwithatelescope”has______ambiguity.A.lexicalB.structuralC.semanticD.pragmatic6.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofco-operativeprincipleviolation?A.A:Whattimeisit?B:It's3o'clock.B.A:Howdoyoulikemynewdress?B:Thecolorisnice.C.A:Where'sJohn?B:SomewhereinthesouthofFrance.D.A:Doyouwanttogotothemovies?B:It'scoldoutside.7.Thesmallestunitofmeaninginalanguageis______.A.wordB.morphemeC.phonemeD.grapheme8.Thefunctionoflanguagethatcanchangethesocialstatusofpeopleis______.A.informativefunctionB.interpersonalfunctionC.performativefunctionD.phaticfunction9.“PIN”in“PINnumber”isanexampleof______.A.redundancyB.loanwordC.euphemismD.jargon10.ThebasicwordorderinEnglishis______.A.SOVB.VSOC.SVOD.OSV二、多項選擇題（每題2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingaresuprasegmentalfeatures?A.stressB.intonationC.toneD.phoneme2.Morphemescanbeclassifiedinto______.A.freemorphemesB.boundmorphemesC.rootmorphemesD.affixmorphemes3.Semanticrelationsinclude______.A.synonymyB.antonymyC.hyponymyD.homonymy4.Typesofcontextinclude______.A.linguisticcontextB.situationalcontextC.culturalcontextD.physicalcontext5.Conversationalimplicatureisbasedon______.A.theco-operativeprincipleB.maximsofqualityC.maximsofquantityD.maximsofrelationandmanner6.LanguagefunctionsproposedbyHallidayinclude______.A.ideationalfunctionB.interpersonalfunctionC.textualfunctionD.informativefunction7.Whichofthefollowingaremorphologicalprocesses?A.compoundingB.derivationC.inflectionD.blending8.Thecomponentsofaspeechacttheoryare______.A.locutionaryactB.illocutionaryactC.perlocutionaryactD.speechact9.Whichofthefollowingaretypesofantonymy?A.gradableantonymsB.complementaryantonymsC.relationalantonymsD.semanticantonyms10.Thecharacteristicsoflanguageinclude______.A.arbitrarinessB.dualityC.creativityD.displacement三、判斷題（每題2分，共20分）1.Phoneticsstudiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,andsequenceofspeechsounds.()2.Acompoundwordconsistsofmorethanonefreemorpheme.()3.Synonymsarewordswithexactlythesamemeaning.()4.Contexthasnoinfluenceontheunderstandingofwordmeaning.()5.Allsentenceswithtwoormoreinterpretationsaresemanticallyambiguous.()6.Theviolationoftheco-operativeprinciplealwaysleadstomisunderstanding.()7.Theideationalfunctionoflanguageismainlyconcernedwithinteractionbetweenpeople.()8.Blendingisawayofcreatingnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwoormorewords.()9.ThedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadebySaussure.()10.ToneisanimportantsuprasegmentalfeatureinEnglish.()四、簡答題（每題5分，共20分）1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?Phoneticsstudiesspeechsoundsfromaphysicalandphysiologicalperspective,focusingonhowsoundsareproduced,transmitted,andperceived.Phonology,however,studiesthesoundpatternsandsystemsinalanguage,dealingwithhowsoundsfunctiontodistinguishmeaning.2.Explaintheconceptofhyponymy.Hyponymyisasemanticrelation.Ahyponymisawordwhosemeaningisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword(superordinate).Forexample,“rose”and“lily”arehyponymsof“flower”.3.Whatistheperformativefunctionoflanguage?Theperformativefunctionallowsspeakerstoperformactionsthroughwords.Forexample,whenajudgesays“Isentenceyoutofiveyearsinprison,”theactofsentencingiscarriedoutbytheutteranceitself.4.Whatarethemaintypesofmorphemes?Themaintypesarefreemorphemeswhichcanstandaloneaswords(e.g.,“book”),andboundmorphemeswhichcannotstandalone.Boundmorphemesincludeprefixes,suffixes,andsomerootsthatneedaffixestoformwords.五、討論題（每題5分，共20分）1.Discusstheimportanceofcontextinunderstandinglanguage.Contexthelpsdisambiguatewordsandsentences.Itprovidesextrainformationtodeterminetheintendedmeaning.Forexample,theword“bank”canmeandifferentthings.Inaconversationaboutfishing,it'slikelytomeanthesideofariver,whileinafinancialdiscussion,itreferstoafinancialinstitution.2.Howdoeslanguagereflectculture?Languagereflectscultureinmanyways.Vocabularymayincludewordsuniquetoaculture.Forexample,Chinesehastermsrelatedtotraditionalfestivals.Grammaranddiscoursepatternscanalsobeinfluencedbyculturalvalues.Forinstance,thewaypeopleexpressrespectindifferentlanguagesvariesaccordingtoculturalnorms.3.Whyistheco-operativeprincipleimportantincommunication?Theco-operativeprincipleensuressmoothcommunication.Whenspeakersfollowitsmaxims(quantity,quality,relation,manner),messagesareclearlyconveyed.Violationmayleadtoimplicature,butunderstandingtheprinciplehelpslistenersinfertheintendedmeaning.Withoutit,misunderstandingswouldbemorefre