2/22021年北京市昌平區(qū)高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)本試卷共10頁(yè)，共100分。考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheDrumSetToGabe,everythingwasasadrum.Hebeatonthesofa.Hebeatonhisschooldesk.Hislifewasasteadybeatofdrumsounds.AllGabewantedwasadrumset,buthisparentscouldn’t____1____tobuyhimone.Then,onedayatschool,theclassbeganstudyinghowtoprotecttheEarthanditsresources.Mr.Gomez____2____threethingsthateveryonecoulddo:recycle,reuse,andreduce.Gabethoughtaboutwhatheandhisfamilyalreadydid.Theyrecycledbottles,cans,andpaper.Theydidn’twastealot,either.Gabe’snewjacketswere____3____new.Hiselderbrotherhadwornthoseyearsbefore.Theyalsoreduced.They____4____lightswheneverpossible.AsMr.Gomezspoke,abrilliant____5____hitGabe.NotonlycouldhehelpprotecttheEarth,buthecouldalsodosomethingtomakehimselfveryhappy!ThenMr.Gomeztoldtheclassaboutascienceproject.Gabedidn’tneedanymore____6____.Healreadyknewwhathewoulddo.He____7____bigballoonsfromhisbirthdayparty,foundoldcansofdifferentsizes,and____8____sometapefromhisfather.Thenhecutoffthenarrowendofeachballoon,stretchedaballoonoverthetopofeachcanandtapeditonthesideofthecan.Hetriedouthisdrumsetbybeatingonthemonebyonewithchopsticks.Eachdrummadea____9____sound.Itsoundedprettygood!ThesciencepresentationswereheldonMonday.Whenhefinishedhis____10____withhisdrumset,hisclassmatesclappedandcheered!Finally,Gabewaschosentobeamemberoftheschoolband.1.A.afford B.refuse C.apply D.remember2.A.ignored B.explained C.admitted D.guessed3.A.already B.almost C.never D.just4.A.turnedto B.turnedover C.turnedon D.turnedoff5.A.image B.idea C.suggestion D.success6.A.encouragement B.surprise C.comfort D.energy7.A.blew B.changed C.gathered D.bought8.A.saved B.sorted C.created D.borrowed9.A.familiar B.different C.distant D.strange10.A.performance B.test C.experiment D.exploration【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.D5.B6.A7.C8.D9.B10.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Gabe很喜歡打鼓，但是父母給他買不起架子鼓。一次課上，老師要求同學(xué)們用回收的東西做科學(xué)項(xiàng)目，Gabe于是用回收的氣球，和罐子做了一個(gè)架子鼓，在表演時(shí)，他用筷子敲擊每一個(gè)鼓，每個(gè)鼓都發(fā)出不同的聲音，很好聽(tīng)，這不僅深受同學(xué)們喜歡，而且Gabe也被選為學(xué)校樂(lè)隊(duì)一員。【1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Gabe只想要一套架子鼓，但他父母買不起。A.afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起；B.refuse拒絕；C.apply應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；D.remember記得。由下文“Theyrecycledbottles,cans,andpaper.Theydidn’twastealot,either.”可知，Gabe和他的家人回收瓶子、罐子和紙，他們也沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)太多，由此可知，Gabe家不是很富裕，所以他父母負(fù)擔(dān)不起一套架子鼓，故選A。【2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Gomez老師解釋了每個(gè)人都可以做的三件事:回收、再利用和減少浪費(fèi)。A.ignored忽視；B.explained解釋；C.admitted承認(rèn)；D.guessed猜測(cè)。由上文“Then,onedayatschool,theclassbeganstudyinghowtoprotecttheEarthanditsresources.”可知，課上，老師教學(xué)生們?nèi)绾伪Ｗo(hù)地球及其資源，由此可知，此處指Gomez老師就如何保護(hù)地球及其資源，解釋了每個(gè)人都可以做的三件事。故選B。【3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Gabe的新夾克從來(lái)都不是新的。A.already已經(jīng)；B.almost幾乎；C.never從不；D.just只是；僅僅。由上文“Theyrecycledbottles,cans,andpaper.Theydidn’twastealot,either.”和下文“Hiselderbrotherhadwornthoseyearsbefore.”可知，Gabe和家人很節(jié)儉，Gabe的夾克從來(lái)都不是新的，都是他哥哥穿了很多年的，故選C。【4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：他們盡可能地關(guān)燈。A.turnedto求助；B.turnedover轉(zhuǎn)交給；C.turnedon打開(kāi)；D.turnedoff關(guān)上。由上文“Theyalsoreduced.”可知，Gabe和家人也減少浪費(fèi)，他們盡可能地關(guān)上燈，故選D。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在Gomez老師說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，Gabe想到了一個(gè)絕妙的主意。A.image圖像；B.idea主意；C.suggestion建議；D.success成功。由上下文“AsMr.Gomezspoke,abrilliant____5___hitGabe.”和下文“NotonlycouldhehelpprotecttheEarth,buthecouldalsodosomethingtomakehimselfveryhappy!”可知，Gabe想到了一個(gè)絕妙的主意，讓他不僅可以保護(hù)地球，而且還能讓他做一些事情使自己很快樂(lè)！故選B。6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Gabe不需要任何鼓勵(lì)。A.encouragement鼓勵(lì)；B.surprise驚訝；C.comfort舒服；安慰；D.energy能量。由上文“ThenMr.Gomeztoldtheclassaboutascienceproject.”和下文“Healreadyknewwhathewoulddo.”可知，Gomez告訴同學(xué)們要做一個(gè)科學(xué)項(xiàng)目，Gabe已經(jīng)知道該怎么做，所以他不需要老師的鼓勵(lì)，故選A。【7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他從生日聚會(huì)上收集了一些大氣球，找到了一些大小不一的舊罐頭，還向父親借了一些膠帶。A.blew刮；吹；B.changed改變；C.gathered聚集；D.bought買。由下文“bigballoonsfromhisbirthdayparty”可知，Gabe從生日聚會(huì)上收集了一些大氣球，故選C。【8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他從生日聚會(huì)上收集了一些大氣球，找到了一些大小不一的舊罐頭，還向父親借了一些膠帶。A.saved節(jié)省；B.sorted把……分類；C.created制作；D.borrowed借。由下文“sometapefromhisfather.”可知，Gabe的膠帶是從父親那里借來(lái)的，故選D。【9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)鼓都發(fā)出不同的聲音。A.familiar熟悉的；B.different不同的；C.distant遙遠(yuǎn)的；D.strange陌生的。由上文“Hetriedouthisdrumsetbybeatingonthemonebyonewithchopsticks.”和“Itsoundedprettygood!”可知，Gabe用筷子敲擊每一個(gè)鼓，每個(gè)鼓都發(fā)出不同的聲音，很好聽(tīng)，故選B。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他用他自己做的架子鼓結(jié)束他的表演時(shí)，他的同學(xué)都鼓掌歡呼！A.performance表演；B.test測(cè)試；C.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；D.exploration探索。由上文“ThesciencepresentationswereheldonMonday.”可知，在科學(xué)演示上，Gabe用自己制作的架子鼓表演，故選A。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TuYouyou,84,wasthefirstChinesefemalescientisttowinaNobelPrizeinscience.She____11____(honor)fordevelopingartemisinin（青蒿素）thathassavedmillionsoflivesworldwide.Tuandhercolleaguesjoinedagovernmentproject____12____(find)anewmalariadruginthelate1960s.In1971,aftermorethan190failures,Tu’steam____13____(final)foundachemicalthatwas100percenteffectiveagainstmalaria—artemisinin.In2001,theWorldHealthOrganizationmadeartemisininitsfirstchoiceinthetreatmentofmalaria.【答案】11.was##ishonored12.tofind13.finally【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。84歲的屠呦呦是首位獲得諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)女科學(xué)家。她因研制青蒿素拯救了全世界數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命而受到表彰。屠呦呦和她的同事在20世紀(jì)60年代末加入了一個(gè)政府項(xiàng)目，尋找一種新的瘧疾藥物。1971年，在經(jīng)歷了190多次失敗后，屠呦呦的團(tuán)隊(duì)終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種100%有效的抗瘧疾藥物——青蒿素。2001年，世界衛(wèi)生組織將青蒿素作為治療瘧疾的首選藥物。【11題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：她因研制青蒿素拯救了全世界數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命而受到表彰。結(jié)合句意表示“因……受到表彰”短語(yǔ)為behonoredfor，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was/ishonored。【12題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：屠呦呦和她的同事在20世紀(jì)60年代末加入了一個(gè)政府項(xiàng)目，尋找一種新的瘧疾藥物。find在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)，用不定式。故填tofind。【13題詳解】考查副詞。句意：1971年，在經(jīng)歷了190多次失敗后，屠呦呦的團(tuán)隊(duì)終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種100%有效的抗瘧疾藥物——青蒿素。修飾動(dòng)詞found應(yīng)用副詞finally，作狀語(yǔ)。故填finally。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。BeethovenwroteSymphonyNo.9intheearly1820s.It____14____(stand)forBeethoven’sbeliefthatallpeopleshouldbebrothers.Butthisisjustoneofhismanyinspiringworks.InhisSymphonyNo.5,alsoknownasFate,heshowshowhestruggledwithahardlife,buteventuallymoved____15____darknesstolight.Despitehispainfulexperienceofbecomingdeafandlosinghislovers.Beethovenalwaysputjoyandhappinessatthecenterofhismusic.Beethovenremindsusthatjoyisnotaluxury(奢侈品).It’sacourageousactinaworldofpainandsuffering.ThespiritwhichispresentinBeethoven’smusicmightbethe____16____(good)gifthecouldhavegivenus.【答案】14.stands15.from16.best【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是貝多芬的偉大成就。【14題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：它代表了貝多芬的信念，即所有人都應(yīng)該是兄弟。空處為主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句子描述客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)It是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此空格處用第三人稱單數(shù)stands。故填stands。【15題詳解】考查介詞。句意：在被稱為《命運(yùn)》第五交響曲中，他講述了自己如何在艱難的生活中掙扎，但最終從黑暗走向光明。由“darknesstolight”可知，句子表示“從黑暗走向光明”，from...to...意為“從……到……”，因此空格處用介詞from，故填from。【16題詳解】考查最高級(jí)。句意：貝多芬音樂(lè)中的精神可能是他能給我們的最好的禮物。根據(jù)空前的the和空后的“hecouldhavegivenus”可知，空格處用最高級(jí)best。故填best。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Asyoucansee,thereason____17____I’mheretotellthestoryisthatImadetherightdecision.Sometime____18____Ilefttheboat,withmybrotherinit,itwaspulledintothebottomofthewhirlpool.Soon,afterthat,thewhirlpool____19____(become)lesswild.Thentheskywasclear,thewindcalmer,andthemoonwasshining.Iwasstilltiedtothebarrelandthewavessooncarriedmetoanarea____20____theotherfishermenwere.Intheend,aboatpickedmeup.Iwasverytired.Thefishermenweremyoldfriends,buttheywereunabletorecogniseme.WhenItoldthemmystory,theydidnotbelieveit.NowIhavetoldyou,andIcannotexpectyoutobelievemeanymorethanthefishermendid.【答案】17.why18.after19.became20.where【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者離開(kāi)船不久后，船就被拖進(jìn)了漩渦的底部，隨后作者被海浪吹到了漁民所在的地方，最終作者得救的故事。【17題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：如你所見(jiàn)，我來(lái)這里講故事的原因是因?yàn)槲易隽苏_的決定。空處引導(dǎo)的句子“I’mheretotellthestory”是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是reason，指原因，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少原因狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞why來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故填why。【18題詳解】考查連詞。句意：在我離開(kāi)船不久后，船被拖進(jìn)了漩渦的底部，但是我的哥哥還在船里。此處表示“在……之后”應(yīng)用連詞after，故填after。【19題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：不久之后，漩渦變得不那么狂暴了。句子描述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，所以系動(dòng)詞become應(yīng)用過(guò)去式became，故填became。【20題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我仍然被綁在桶上，海浪很快把我?guī)У搅艘粋€(gè)其他漁民都在的地方。空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是area，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故填where。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADearAuntVal,Iamwritingforadvice.Iaminmysecondyearatcollegenow,studyingEnglishLiterature.Thingsaregoingwell.AlthoughIhaveaheavyworkload,myloveofbooksmeansthatisnothardforme.Anyway,Ihavedecidedtorunforoffice.Ihopetobecomethestudentpresidentinmycollege.Asyou’vebeenrunningyourcompanyforthreeyears,Iwashopingyoucouldadvisemeonhowtobeagoodleader.Iconsideritmostimportanttohaveprinciplesandconfidence.Inthefirstplace,leadershavetosticktotheirbeliefs.Ifyoudon’tdothat,peoplewon’tunderstandwhatyouareofferingthem.Secondly,ifyoucan’tpresentyourideaswithconfidence,nobodywillhavefaiththatyoucanachieveanything.AuntVal,ifyouhaveanymoretosayonthesematters,I’dreallyappreciateit.Thankyou.EddieRothDearEddie,It’sgreattohearfromyou.You’retakingabigstep!I’llhavetowatchoutformyjob.Youmaytrytotakeitsoon!Seriously,though,Iagreewithyourtwopoints.Theyarebothimportantcharacteristicsofanelectedleader.Butwhatisabsolutelynecessary,inmyopinion,ishonesty.It’snoteasyforsomeonetoremainhonest.Thereisafeelingthatifyouaretooopenabouteverything,yourcompetitorscanusetheinformationtoharmyou.However,honestyisthebasisofthetwopointsyoumentioned.Voterswilltrustandrespecthonestleaders.Asaresult,whenanunavoidablemistakeoccurs,youwillgetthebenefitofthetrustfromthepublic,whounderstandyourmotivation.Letmeknowyourthoughtsaboutthis,andwecancontinuethisemaildiscussion.Bestwishes,ValMcDermott21.WhatcanwelearnaboutEddieRothfromthee-mails?A.Hemadesomeunavoidablemistakes. B.HehastroublestudyingEnglishliterature.C.Hewilltakehisaunt’sjobaftergraduation. D.HeshowsstronginterestinStudentUnion.22.WhichofthefollowingdoesAuntValvaluemost?A.Honesty. B.Principles. C.Motivation. D.Confidence.23.WhatisthepurposeofAuntVal’se-mail?A.Tosuggestasimplewayofwinningtheposition.B.Tosharethebasicqualityofbeingagoodleader.C.Tostressthereasonwhyit’shardtobeagoodleader.D.Totelltheimportanceofattendingthecollegeactivities.【答案】21.D22.A23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是EddieRoth和ValMcDermott阿姨的書(shū)信，信中ValMcDermott阿姨分享了成為一個(gè)好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的基本素質(zhì)。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一封信中第四段“Ihopetobecomethestudentpresidentinmycollege.(我希望成為我所在學(xué)院的學(xué)生主席)”可知，EddieRoth對(duì)學(xué)生會(huì)表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的興趣。故選D。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二封信中第二段“Butwhatisabsolutelynecessary,inmyopinion,ishonesty.(但在我看來(lái)，絕對(duì)必要的是誠(chéng)實(shí))”可知，Val阿姨最重視誠(chéng)實(shí)。故選A。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一封信中第二段“Asyou’vebeenrunningyourcompanyforthreeyears,Iwashopingyoucouldadvisemeonhowtobeagoodleader.(由于您已經(jīng)經(jīng)營(yíng)貴公司三年了，我希望您能就如何成為一名優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)給我一些建議)”以及第二封信中第二段“Seriously,though,Iagreewithyourtwopoints.Theyarebothimportantcharacteristicsofanelectedleader.Butwhatisabsolutelynecessary,inmyopinion,ishonesty.(說(shuō)真的，我同意你的兩點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn)。它們都是民選領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的重要特征。但在我看來(lái)，絕對(duì)必要的是誠(chéng)實(shí)。)”可知，Val阿姨發(fā)郵件的目的是分享做一個(gè)好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的基本素質(zhì)。故選B。BBettertoBeDifferentHeroicdeedscomeinallshapesandsizes.Someofthemrequirebraveryinthefaceofdanger,othersresultfromasimpleactofkindness.NatalieFernandowastakingher5-year-oldautistic(患孤獨(dú)癥的)sonRudyforaseasidewalkwhenthelittleboysuddenlybrokedown.“Mysonlovestowalk,buthehatestoturnaroundandwalkback.Weusuallytrytowalkinacircletoavoidthis,butonhisfavouritewalkwiththeboatswehavenochoicebuttoturnback.Thiswilloftenleadtoabreakdown,whichIcannormallyhandle,buttodaywastoomuchforhimandme,”Fernandoexplainedonherblog.ThewalkingareaatSouthend-on-SeaisaverypopularwalkingplaceinEssex,England.KnowingsheandRudyweredrawingattentionandthatherson’sbreakdownmightgoonforanhour,Fernandowasapologetic,butshesoonfoundherselfexposedtounfavorablelooksandcommentsofpassersby.That’swhenatotalstrangernamedIanstoppedtoaskifshewasokay.WhenFernandoexplainedwhatwasgoingon,asifitwasthemostnaturalthingintheworldtodo,IanlaydownonthegroundclosetoRudyandengagedhiminconversation.Thecalmingactionquicklyturnedthesituationaround.AfterRudyrecovered,IanwalkedRudyandhismombacktotheircar.“IwishthereweremoreofthismanaroundandIambeyondthankful,”Fernandosaid.“Iwillnotforgethiskindness.”Inadditiontohergratitude,FernandohopesIan’sunselfishbehaviormightinspireotherstolookdeeperbeforemakingsocialjudgmentsthemselves.“It’ssaidalotatthemoment,‘Inaworldwhereyoucanbeanything,bekind.’”shewrote.“Wordsareeasy,buttheseactionsarenotalwayssoeasy.ThismanislivingthewordsandIcouldn’tbemoregrateful.”“We’reallwalkingourownpathanddirectingthejourneythebestwecan.Sometimesittakesamomentofkindnessfromacompletestrangertocompletelychangeyourday.”24.WhatwasFernando’sreactionwhenRudybrokedown?A.Sheturnedback. B.Shefeltverysorry.C.Shegavehimahug. D.Sheexplainedtopassersby.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AstrangerhelpedRudycalmdown.B.ApasserbysatdowntotalkwithRudy.C.IandroveRudyandmomhomesafely.D.Rudy’ssuddenbehaviorlastedforonehour.26.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeIan?A.Brave B.Generous C.Humorous D.Caring【答案】24.B25.A26.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是娜塔莉·費(fèi)爾南多帶著她5歲的自閉癥兒子魯?shù)先ズ＿吷⒉剑蝗恍∧泻⒈罎⒘耍粋€(gè)叫伊恩的陌生人善良地幫助了他們，這讓娜塔莉非常感激。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“KnowingsheandRudyweredrawingattentionandthatherson’sbreakdownmightgoonforanhour,Fernandowasapologetic,butshesoonfoundherselfexposedtounfavorablelooksandcommentsofpassersby.(費(fèi)爾南多知道她和魯?shù)弦鹆巳藗兊淖⒁猓齼鹤拥木癖罎⒖赡軙?huì)持續(xù)一個(gè)小時(shí)，她感到很抱歉，但她很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己暴露在路人不友好的目光和評(píng)論中。)”可知，當(dāng)魯?shù)媳罎r(shí)，費(fèi)爾南多感到很抱歉。故選B。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“That’swhenatotalstrangernamedIanstoppedtoaskifshewasokay.WhenFernandoexplainedwhatwasgoingon,asifitwasthemostnaturalthingintheworldtodo,IanlaydownonthegroundclosetoRudyandengagedhiminconversation.(這時(shí)，一個(gè)叫伊恩的陌生人停下來(lái)問(wèn)她是否還好。當(dāng)費(fèi)爾南多解釋了發(fā)生了什么，就好像這是世界上最自然的事情一樣，伊恩躺在地上，靠近魯?shù)希退徽勂饋?lái)。)”和第六段的“Thecalmingactionquicklyturnedthesituationaround.(平息行動(dòng)迅速扭轉(zhuǎn)了局勢(shì)。)”可知，我們從文中可以了解到一個(gè)陌生人幫助魯?shù)侠潇o下來(lái)。故選A。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“That’swhenatotalstrangernamedIanstoppedtoaskifshewasokay.WhenFernandoexplainedwhatwasgoingon,asifitwasthemostnaturalthingintheworldtodo,IanlaydownonthegroundclosetoRudyandengagedhiminconversation.(這時(shí)，一個(gè)叫伊恩的陌生人停下來(lái)問(wèn)她是否還好。當(dāng)費(fèi)爾南多解釋了發(fā)生了什么，就好像這是世界上最自然的事情一樣，伊恩躺在地上，靠近魯?shù)希退徽勂饋?lái)。)”可知，Ian作為陌生人，停下來(lái)幫助魯?shù)希f(shuō)明他是關(guān)心人的，可用caring描述Ian，故選D。CDoTreesTalktoEachOther?Didyouknowthattreescancommunicatewitheachother?SurammeSimard,aprofessorofforestecologyattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,hasconductedresearchintothecooperativeandsocialbehavioroftrees.GrowingupintheforestsofCanada,Simardobservedhowlogging(伐木)companieswouldcutdowndiverseforestsandreplacethemwithasingletreespecies.Loggersbelievedthatbyremovingcompetition,thenewlyplantedtreeswouldthrive,astheywouldreceivemorespace,water,andsunlight.However,Simardnoticedthesetreeswereactuallymorelikelytosufferdiseaseandenvironmentalstress.Assheinvestigatedthisquestion,Simardrealizedthattreecommunicationwastheanswertothis.Treescommunicatethroughundergroundnetworksofhelperfungi(真菌).Thefungiconnectwithtreeroots,forminglinks,whichcanconnecttreesofdifferentkindsacrossaforest.Thefungitransportwaterandnutrientstothetrees.Inreturn,treesprovidefungicarbon-basedsugars.Thefunginotonlyallowfortree-fungicooperationbutalsoforcommunication.Treescantransportcarbon,water,nutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)),chemicalwarningsigns,andhormones.Thissystemallowsthemtobalanceresourcesandwarnneighboringtreesofdanger.Treesarealsoconnectedthroughthe“mother”trees,whicharetheoldestandlargesttrees.Throughthisconnection,youngtreescangettheresourceandinformationnetwork.Thesefindingshavemanyeffects,includingthewaywestructureourownsocietiesandecologicalpractices.Mothertreesarekeyforprovidingtheinformation,medicinal,andresourcecapacitytofuturegenerationsoftrees.AlsoSimardbelievesthatwithclimatechangestressingoutplantsandthreateningthesurvivalofspecies,humansmayneedtostepintohelp—perhapsevenbymovingsomespeciestocoolerclimatesastheworldwarms.WhileSimardwholeheartedlybelievesinthecooperativenatureoftrees,otherscientistsarguethatcompetitionisstillthemainreasonwhythesetreesendupsharingresources.Thefungithattransportresourcesmightactuallybesendingnutrientstoresource-poortreesbecausetheycandemandmorecarbon-basedsugarsinreturnfromplantsontheedgeofsurvival.Regardlessofwhethercooperationorcompetitiondrivestreebehavior,strongerevidenceofforestcommunicationandnetworksisanexcitingdiscoverywithmuchtolearn!27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thrive”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Becomeremovable. B.Communicatefreely.C.Growstronger D.Sharemoreresources.28.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinparagraph3?A.Thefunctionoffungi. B.Thewidenetworkofwood.C.Thetransportationofnutrients. D.Thestrongeffectof“mother”trees.29.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Effortsshouldbemadetoprotectmothertrees.B.Thefungistopmothertreesfromsharingresources.C.Simardprovescompetitionandcooperationworktogether.D.Someendangeredplantshavebeenmovedtocoolerplaces.30.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefinding?A.Surprised. B.Confused. C.Inspired. D.Uninterested.【答案】27.C28.B29.A30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了不列顛哥倫比亞大學(xué)的森林生態(tài)學(xué)教授SurammeSimard發(fā)現(xiàn)，樹(shù)木可以互相交流，同時(shí)對(duì)樹(shù)木的合作和社會(huì)行為進(jìn)行了研究。【27題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“astheywouldreceivemorespace,water,andsunlight.(因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)得到更多的空間、水和陽(yáng)光)”可知，新種的樹(shù)因?yàn)闀?huì)得到更多的空間、水和陽(yáng)光，所以會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好，由此推知，劃線單詞“thrive”與C項(xiàng)“Growstronger(長(zhǎng)得更壯)”意思接近。故選C。【28題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Treescommunicatethroughundergroundnetworksofhelperfungi(真菌).Thefungiconnectwithtreeroots,forminglinks,whichcanconnecttreesofdifferentkindsacrossaforest.Thefungitransportwaterandnutrientstothetrees.Inreturn,treesprovidefungicarbon-basedsugars.Thefunginotonlyallowfortree-fungicooperationbutalsoforcommunication.(樹(shù)木在真菌的幫助下，通過(guò)地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行交流。真菌與樹(shù)根相連，形成連接，可以連接整個(gè)森林中不同種類的樹(shù)木。真菌將水和養(yǎng)分輸送到樹(shù)上。作為回報(bào)，樹(shù)木提供真菌碳基糖。這種真菌不僅可以讓樹(shù)和真菌合作，還可以讓它們交流)”可知，第三段主要介紹了樹(shù)木之間廣泛的網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系。故選B。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Mothertreesarekeyforprovidingtheinformation,medicinal,andresourcecapacitytofuturegenerationsoftrees.(母樹(shù)是為后代樹(shù)木提供信息、藥用和資源能力關(guān)鍵)”可知，母樹(shù)是為后代樹(shù)木提供信息、藥用和資源能力的關(guān)鍵，所以要我們要努力保護(hù)母樹(shù)。故選A。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Regardlessofwhethercooperationorcompetitiondrivestreebehavior,strongerevidenceofforestcommunicationandnetworksisanexcitingdiscoverywithmuchtolearn!(無(wú)論是合作還是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)驅(qū)動(dòng)樹(shù)木的行為，關(guān)于樹(shù)木之間能進(jìn)行溝通，樹(shù)木之間存在網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系的更強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，這是令人興奮的，對(duì)于這一發(fā)現(xiàn)還有很多要學(xué)習(xí)！)”可知，作者認(rèn)為這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是令人興奮的，且還有很多要去學(xué)習(xí)。由此推知，作者認(rèn)為這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是鼓舞人心的。故選C。DAMissiontoRemoveSpaceJunkInvideogamesandmovies,weoftenimaginespaceshipsavoidinggiantasteroids(小行星)inthesolarsystem.However,agreaterconcernforourworldisspacedebris.Spacedebrisreferstothe8,000metrictonsofjunkthatorbitsaroundtheEarth.Thesemillionsofpiecesfloatinginspacethreatentodestroysatellitesandmachinerythatarenecessaryforweatherforecasting,GPS,andtelecommunication.Alongwithothereffortstominimizespacedebris,thecompanyAstroscalehaslaunchedEnd-of-LifeServicebyAstroscale,orElsa-D.Itaimstomodelaspacedebrisremovalsystemandincludestwospacecraft:aservicerandaclient.Let’slookatthedangerofspacedebrisandhowAstroscale’stechnologywouldwork.WhatReallyIsSpaceDebris?SpacedebrisformswhenoldsatelliteandspaceshippartsgatherinthelowEarthorbit.Thisbuild-upofwastecanrangefromlargerocketpartsallthewaytosmallpiecesofmetalthatformwhenthepartsexplodeorhit.Becauseallthepiecestravelathighspeedsof28,000km/hinorbit,theyposeathreattoactivesatellites.Itisreportedthatatleast26,000piecesofspacejunkareassmallasasoftball,yettheycould“destroyasatelliteonimpact.”O(jiān)ver500,000piecesofdebriscoulddamageprotectivesystems,fueltanks,andspacecraftcabins.Morecommonly,over100millionpiecesofspacedebrisareassmallasagrainofsalt.Thesepiecesaredangerousastheycouldbreakspacesuitsandthreatenthesafetyofthecrew.Scientistsareabletotrackdebrisparticles(微粒)largerthan10cm,butpiecesnear1cminsizeareveydifficulttomonitor.Asaresult,theremovalofspacedebrisisessentialtoensurethatnewsatelliteswillnothitoldones.TheEuropeanSpaceAgencyreportsthat3,600satellitesarecurrentlyoperatingwith28,000piecesofdebrisbeingtracked.Inthenextdecade,10,000newsatelliteswillorbitEarth.Theneedforaneffectivespacedebrisremovalsystemisgrowing.AstroscalehopestodevelopasystemwherethespacecraftattachestodeadsatellitesanddirectthemtowardsEarthtoburnupintheatmosphere.Thetechnologywouldbeusedonfuturesatellites,notdeadsatellitesthatarealreadyinorbit.Thepurposeofthisspecificmissionistoshowhowthecapturesystemwillwork.Theclientspacecraftwillplayapieceofspacedebris.TheservicerspacecraftwilluseGPSsensorsandmagnetic(磁對(duì)接)dockingtechnologytocapturetheclientspacecraft.Likeacatandmouse,theservicerwillcaptureandreleasetheclientseveraltimesover6monthsandthetaskswillbecomemoredifficult.Astroscalehopesthatallsatellitesbeingdevelopedinthefuturewillincludethemagneticdockingplatewhichallowstheservicertocapturethedebris.Ascompaniesandgovernmentstakeonmorespaceprojects,asystemtoremovewasteinspaceisgoingtobeincreasinglyimportant.31.Whatdoweknowaboutspacewaste?A.Rocketbodiesarethemainsourceofspacedebris.B.Spacewasteremovalwasfruitfulinthepastdecades.C.Thepiecesnear1cminsizecanbewatchedandchecked.D.Apieceofsoftball-sizedspacedebriscandestroyasatellite.32.WhatdoweknowabouttheAstroscale?A.Itaimstorecyclethedeadsatellites.B.Itlaunchedaspaceshipcarryingcatsandmice.C.Ithopestoreducethespaceprojects.D.Ittriestogetridofthefuturedeadsatellites.33.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?A.TheNewTechnology B.TheFutureSpaceSatellitesC.WhereDoesSpaceJunkCome? D.WhyDoWeRemoveWasteinSpace?34.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheprojectofAstroscale?A.Itmaycausetroublesinspace. B.Ithasclearedsomespacewaste.C.Itischallengingbutworthwhile. D.Itwillbeputintousesoon.【答案】31.D32.D33.A34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了什么是太空碎片，太空碎片的危害，以及Astroscale公司清理太空碎片的項(xiàng)目。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Itisreportedthatatleast26,000piecesofspacejunkareassmallasasoftball,yettheycould“destroyasatelliteonimpact.”(據(jù)報(bào)道，至少有26000塊太空垃圾小如壘球，卻可以“撞毀一顆衛(wèi)星”)”可知，一塊壘球大小的太空碎片可以摧毀一顆衛(wèi)星。故選D。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“AstroscalehopestodevelopasystemwherethespacecraftattachestodeadsatellitesanddirectthemtowardsEarthtoburnupintheatmosphere.(Astrocale公司希望開(kāi)發(fā)一種系統(tǒng)，使航天器與廢棄的衛(wèi)星相連，并將它們引向地球，在大氣層中燃燒。)”可知，Astrocale公司試圖去掉未來(lái)廢棄的衛(wèi)星。故選D。【33題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)三段“AstroscalehopestodevelopasystemwherethespacecraftattachestodeadsatellitesanddirectthemtowardsEarthtoburnupintheatmosphere.Thetechnologywouldbeusedonfuturesatellites,notdeadsatellitesthatarealreadyinorbit.Thepurposeofthisspecificmissionistoshowhowthecapturesystemwillwork.Theclientspacecraftwillplayapieceofspacedebris.TheservicerspacecraftwilluseGPSsensorsandmagnetic(磁對(duì)接)dockingtechnologytocapturetheclientspacecraft.Likeacatandmouse,theservicerwillcaptureandreleasetheclientseveraltimesover6monthsandthetaskswillbecomemoredifficult.Astroscalehopesthatallsatellitesbeingdevelopedinthefuturewillincludethemagneticdockingplatewhichallowstheservicertocapturethedebris.Ascompaniesandgovernmentstakeonmorespaceprojects,asystemtoremovewasteinspaceisgoingtobeincreasinglyimportant.(Astrocale公司希望開(kāi)發(fā)一種系統(tǒng)，使航天器與廢棄的衛(wèi)星相連，并將它們引向地球，在大氣層中燃燒。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)將用于未來(lái)的衛(wèi)星，而不是已經(jīng)在軌道上的廢棄衛(wèi)星。這次任務(wù)的目的是展示捕捉系統(tǒng)的工作原理。服務(wù)航天器將使用GPS傳感器和磁對(duì)接技術(shù)捕獲客戶航天器。就像貓和老鼠一樣，服務(wù)器將在6個(gè)月內(nèi)捕獲并釋放客戶端數(shù)次，這項(xiàng)任務(wù)將變得更加困難。Astrocale希望未來(lái)所有正在開(kāi)發(fā)的衛(wèi)星都將包括磁性對(duì)接板，使服務(wù)器能夠捕獲碎片。隨著企業(yè)和政府承擔(dān)更多的太空項(xiàng)目，清除太空垃圾的系統(tǒng)將變得越來(lái)越重要。)”可知，倒數(shù)三段主要講述了Astrocale公司將開(kāi)發(fā)一種系統(tǒng)來(lái)擺脫未來(lái)廢棄的衛(wèi)星，以及介紹了該系統(tǒng)的目的，工作原理和意義，即介紹一種新技術(shù)，由此可知，A項(xiàng)“TheNewTechnology(一種新技術(shù))”適合做最后三段的標(biāo)題，故選A。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中“Scientistsareabletotrackdebrisparticles(微粒)largerthan10cm,butpiecesnear1cminsizeareveydifficulttomonitor.Asaresult,theremovalofspacedebrisisessentialtoensurethatnewsatelliteswillnothitoldones.(科學(xué)家能夠跟蹤大于10厘米的碎片顆粒，但是大小接近1厘米的碎片很難監(jiān)測(cè)。因此，清除空間碎片對(duì)于確保新衛(wèi)星不會(huì)撞擊舊衛(wèi)星至關(guān)重要。)”和最后一段中“Ascompaniesandgovernmentstakeonmorespaceprojects,asystemtoremovewasteinspaceisgoingtobeincreasinglyimportant.(隨著企業(yè)和政府承擔(dān)更多的太空項(xiàng)目，清除太空垃圾的系統(tǒng)將變得越來(lái)越重要。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為清理空間碎片是很難的，但是卻很重要，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為Astroscale公司的項(xiàng)目是有挑戰(zhàn)性但是值得做的，故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。PuttingPentoPaper:TheHistoryofBallpointPensBallpointpensmaynotseemlikeanythingspecial,butthey’vemadeourlivesmoreconvenientthanyoumightrealize.Thestorybehindtheirinventionmayalsosurpriseyou.LászlóBíró,aHungarianjournalist,issaidtohaveinventedtheballpointpenin1938.Beforetheballpointpen,peopleusedfountainpens.Theseold-fashionedpenshadtoberefilledoften,andtheyleakedandeasilymadepaperdirty.____35____ManyinventorshadtriedtodesignsimilartypesofpensbeforeBíró,butnonehadsucceeded.Bíró’sballpointpendesignusedasmallballinsteadofanib（鋼筆尖）.Whentheballispressedontopaper,itrollstopickupinkinsidethepenandtransferitontopaper.Theinspirationforthisdesigncamefromanunexpectedsource.Oneday,Bíróhappenedtoseechildrenplayingwithmarbles（彈珠游戲）.Aboyrolledamarblethroughapuddle,creatingalineofwateronthestreetandgivingBírótheideafortheballpointdesign.____36____.Hedevelopedathick,fast-dryinginkforBíró’spen.BíróbegansellinghispeninArgentina,whereheandhisbrotherhadfledto