PAGEPAGE28北京2024中考英語閱讀理解（二）專題十八閱讀理解第2講北京東城一模閱讀理解CD篇教學目標教學目標1.駕馭本篇閱讀理解中出現的高頻詞及長難句。2.駕馭閱讀理解的解題技巧,并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運用到的解題技巧。3.通過閱讀理解高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累,及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習,敏捷應對各種閱讀理解題。C篇名師點撥名師點撥學問篇“巧婦難為無米之炊”,在英語學習的過程中,語料的積累至關重要。對于閱讀理解高頻詞和長難句的梳理,能夠為我們今后的學習和提升打下良好的基礎。敬愛的同學,老師已經為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句,快來看看你駕馭了嗎？高頻詞（課前檢測學生的詞匯量儲備,以老師提問的形式進行。能夠精確翻譯的為優,模糊翻譯的良,不會翻譯的為差。）單詞/短語詞性詞義拓展駕馭狀況優良差normaladj.正常的differentadj.不同的describev.描述frightenedadj.膽怯 的v.frightenterribleadj.可怕的，很糟的decidev.確定rudeadj.粗魯的，無理的changev.變更completelyadv.完全的adj.completeexcellentadj.極好的excitingadj.令人興奮的popularadj.受歡迎的discussionn.探討v.discusslookforwardto期盼，盼望長難句（課前檢測學生的句型儲備,以老師提問的形式進行。能夠精確翻譯的為優,模糊翻譯的良,不會翻譯的為差。）1.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.（優良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：我不想描述我長什么樣子。本句為賓語從句，whatIlooklike作describe的賓語，要留意翻譯時的語序。2.Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.（優良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：這本書講解并描述了一個會使你感覺到很多不憐憫感的令人興奮的故事。本句為定語從句，由that引導的從句修飾先行詞story.初中閱讀中會遇到大量的定語從句，翻譯是要留意語序，同時它也是中學英語的語法重點。方法篇“方法得當,事半功倍。”只有語料的積累,沒有好方法的協助也是不夠的。對于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理,能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯,在有足夠語料積累的基礎上,能夠幫助我們爭取高分。敬愛的同學,老師已經為你細心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧,快來看看你駕馭了多少？一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速閱讀全文，了解文章也許。閱讀時要留意以下句子：每段的開頭和結尾，重要的情節句子，假如遇到未學或不相識的單詞或不理解的句子，可以依據上下文揣測，切不行停留而放慢速度。其次步閱讀問題，明確要求。把文章后每個題目內容看明白，這樣又能協助進一步理解文章的主要內容，詳細做題時就能對號入座，找到文章中準確表達所要回答問題的關鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分打算。第四步逐條分析，對號入座。把須要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對號入座。一般來說，出題者問題設計都是依據文章內容自上到下依次設計的，依據難度先解決簡單的，最終解決深層次的理解題。第五步復讀全文，驗證答案。全部題目做完后，必需再細致閱讀一遍全文，進一步加深對文章理解，核實所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧初中英語選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細微環節理解題，推理推斷題，揣測詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來我們將從這四種題型的定義，設題方式和解題技巧三方面進行介紹。題型題型一：細微環節理解題說明本類試題主要考察學生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細微環節或文章的主要事實的理解實力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時間（when）、地點（where）、緣由（cause）、結果（effect）、文中的數據（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等經常考察這些細微環節。設題方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解題技巧1.細心審題，干脆就題找答案2.變通理解，間接轉述找答案3.多點歸納，綜合事實找答案典題精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurt B.giveupcutting C.feelawkward D.changetheirtools本題可以運用到解題技巧1.細心審題，干脆就題找答案閱讀題干，確定關鍵短語為cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，閱讀段落，確定關鍵句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.“假如你是一個習慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。假如你感到別扭并不讓人驚異。”，依據句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。題型題型二：推理推斷題說明推理推斷題著重考察學生的邏輯思維實力，即要求學生依據文章的邏輯關系進行推理推斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、看法等。設題方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解題技巧1.通過文章陳述的事實進行推斷2.依據文章所供應的的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言進行推斷3.依據作者的意圖和看法進行推斷典題精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本題可以運用到解題技巧2.依據文章所供應的的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言進行推斷題干意為“作者談論Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個段落很長，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個人物的看法，第一段中關鍵句為awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意為“MeeraSyal說無聊幫助她發展了她的思想”，其次段關鍵句為Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意為“他變得主動，因為他能夠自由思索”，由這兩句關鍵句可知兩個人都認為“無聊可以發展創建力，”，故選D。題型題型三：詞義揣測題說明單詞的揣測實力是閱讀理解實力的主要組成部分，是考查對文中關鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要依據文中語境來推斷。設題方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解題技巧1.通過因果關系揣測詞義2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關系揣測詞義3.通過構詞法揣測詞義4.通過定義或釋義說明來揣測詞義5.通過描述揣測詞義6.用學問和生活閱歷揣測詞義7.依據上下文的指代關系揣測詞義典題精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keepupwith. C.Gobeyond. D.Giveriseto.本題可以運用到解題技巧2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關系揣測詞義閱讀本段，會發覺本段中存在轉折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無聊能給他們發展創建力的機會”，所以while之前的句意應當與之相反，進一步推想詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導致”，故選A。題型題型四：主旨大意題說明考查學生對文章主題或中心思想的領悟和理解實力。設題方式1.問標題：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.問中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.問目的，看法：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解題技巧1.閱讀文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.閱讀全文，抓住關鍵字眼，把握主旨3.以駕馭主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣及寫作意圖典題精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本題可以運用到解題技巧2.閱讀全文，抓住關鍵字眼，把握主旨本題考察的是其次段段落大意，要首先鎖定其次段的關鍵詞but，but之前的關鍵詞inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明白在過去人們認為運用左手是驚奇的，but之后的關鍵詞thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明白現在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講解并描述了人們關于慣用左手的人的看法上的轉變。可以判定答案為Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故選D。語篇精講語篇精講閱讀問題（抓住題干及選項中的關鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章）題號題干及選項1HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?（細微環節理解題）A.Hisnameisspecial. B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool. D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.2Whydoesn’tAuggiewanttogotoschoolatfirst?（細微環節理解題）A.Becausehehastostayinhospital.B.Becausehismotherteachesbetterthanteachers.C.Becausehedoesn’tthinkheshouldgotoschool.D.Becauseheisafraidotherstudentsmaymakefunofhim.3Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?（推理推斷題）A.Ittellsthestoryofarealfamily.B.Manyschoolsuseittoeducatestudents.C.Adultslikethebookmorethanchildren.D.Theemotionsofthestoryarehardtounderstand.通篇尋讀（通讀文章，依據問題中的關鍵詞標記出文章中的重點詞，短語或句子，為逐題分析做打算）話題體裁字數建議用時實際用時正確率星級日常生活類記敘文3667分鐘__/3★★★Wonderisabookaboutaten-year-oldboycalledAugust,orAuggie,whofeelsnormalbutlooksverydifferent.What’sWonderabout?AuggieliveswithhisparentsandsisterinNewYork.Heisanormalboyinmanyways.HeridesabikeandlikesplayingwithhisXbox.ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.Atthestartofthebook,hetellsus"MynameisAugust.Iwon'tdescribewhatIlooklike.Whateveryou'rethinking,it’sprobablyworse."Inthestreet,peoplelookatAuggieandarefrightened.Auggiehasneverbeentoschoolbecausehehasspentalotoftimeinhospital.Hismotherteacheshimathome.Butnowhe’sten,shethinksheshouldgotoschool.Atfirst,Auggiedoesn’twanttogo.Heworriesthatotherstudentswilllookathimandsayterriblethings.Butwhenhevisitsaschoolwithhismum,helikestheheadteacheranddecidestogo.Auggie’sfirstyearatschoolhasgoodtimesandbadtimes.Hemakessomegoodfriendsbutotherchildrenarerudetohim.Attheendoftheyear,Auggiegoesonaschooltripandafrighteningeventtherechangesthingscompletely.Isitagoodbook?Wonderisanexcellentbook,Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.ItiseasytolikeAuggie.Hehasagoodsenseofhumour,sothebookhasagoodmixoffunnyandsadmoments.Butthebookisn’tjustaboutAuggie.Wealsolearnwhatlifeforhissister,andhisfriend,Jack.Wonderispopularwithpeopleofallages.Pre-teens,teenagersandadultsalllovethebook.AbestsellerWonderisRJPalacio’sfirstbook.Onherwebsite,sheexplainsthatshehadtheideaforWonderafterseeingagirlwithdeformitiesonthestreetoneday.Manyschoolsusethebooktostartdiscussionsaboutbullying,friendshipandbeingdifferent.Thebookisverypopularandhaswonprizes.ManypeoplearelookingforwardtoseeingwhatRJPalaciowritesnext.逐題分析語篇解讀：本篇文章是一篇日常生活類的記敘文。主要介紹了Wonder這本書主要內容，闡述的道理及價值。1.HowisAuggiedifferentfromotherboys?A.Hisnameisspecial. B.Hisfaceshapeisnotnormal.C.Hedoesn’tgotoschool. D.HelikesplayingwithhisXbox.解析：B.細微環節理解題。依據題干關鍵短語differentfromotherboys可將答案鎖定在原文其次段中。依據其次段關鍵句ButAuggiehasdeformities(畸形）ofthefaceandlooksverydifferentfromotherchildren.“但是Auggie有著畸形的臉，看起來和其它的男孩有很大的不同。”，A項意為“他的名字是特別的”；B項意為“他的臉型不是正常的”，C項意為“他不想去上學”，D項意為“他喜愛玩他的Xbox。”即可推斷出正確答案。2.Whydoesn’tAuggiewanttogotoschoolatfirst?A.Becausehehastostayinhospital.B.Becausehismotherteachesbetterthanteachers.C.Becausehedoesn’tthinkheshouldgotoschool.D.Becauseheisafraidotherstudentsmaymakefunofhim.解析：D.細微環節理解題。本題詢問的是“Auggi起初不想去上學的緣由”。依據題干可將答案鎖定在文章第三段中，依據關鍵句“Atfirst,Auggiedoesn’twanttogo.Heworriesthatotherstudentswilllookathimandsayterriblethings.”可知他擔憂其他的學生會看他并說一些糟糕的事情。即可推斷出正確答案。3.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?A.Ittellsthestoryofarealfamily.B.Manyschoolsuseittoeducatestudents.C.Adultslikethebookmorethanchildren.D.Theemotionsofthestoryarehardtounderstand.解析：B.推理推斷題。本題詢問的是“我們能夠從這本書中得知什么？”A項意為“它告知我們一個真實家庭的故事。”，依據最終一段中Onherwebsite,sheexplainsthatshehadtheideaforWonderafterseeingagirlwithdeformitiesonthestreetoneday.可知這個故事的想法是來源于一個面部畸形的女孩，而不是真實的故事。B項意為“很多學校用這本書去教化學生”，依據最終一段Manyschoolsusethebooktostartdiscussionsaboutbullying,friendshipandbeingdifferent.可判定此項和文中表述一樣；C項意為“成年人比兒童更喜愛這本書”，依據“Wonderispopularwithpeopleofallages.Pre-teens,teenagersandadultsalllovethebook.”可判定此項錯誤；D項意為“故事的情感很難理解”，依據“Wonderisanexcellentbook,Ittellsanexcitingstorythatmakesyoufeelmanydifferentemotions.”可知在這本書中你能感受到很多不同的情感，所以此項錯誤，故選B。精講筆記（學生在老師的指導下,回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的學問和方法）語篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個）單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運用（激勵學生用所學詞匯造句）語篇中的學到的方法（至少駕馭2種）細微環節理解題1、2推理推斷題3詞義揣測題主旨大意題實力提升實力提升基礎過關一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯★單詞/短語詞性詞義normaladj.adj.不同的describev.frightenedadj.adj.可怕的，很糟的v.確定adj.粗魯的，無理的pletelyadv.excellentadj.adj.令人興奮的adj.受歡迎的discussionn.lookforwardto二、句子英漢互譯★★1.你知道是誰贏得了嬉戲嗎？_____________________________________________.2.你能告知我怎樣用這個新的電腦嗎？______________________________________________.3.Wealsolearnwhatlifeforhissister,andhisfriend,Jack.______________________________________________.4.ManypeoplearelookingforwardtoseeingwhatRJPalaciowritesnext.______________________________________________.5.ThemanwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisanAmericanfriend.______________________________________________.閱讀練習話題體裁字數建議用時實際用時正確率星級日常生活類記敘文3737分鐘__/4★★★AlexisMartinisathree-year-oldgirlfromArizona.Shehasn’tstartedkindergarten（幼兒園）yet,butshehasanIQabove160,whichiswellabovetheaverage（一般的）people’sIQ.So,thereisnowonderthatshehasbecometheyoungestmemberofMensa,thelargestandoldesthighIQsocietyintheworld.MensaisaninternationalclubwhosemembershaveanIQscoreinthetop2%oftheworld.Currently,Mensahas3,300membersundertheageof18intheU.S.Alexisisoneofthem.TheaveragepeoplegenerallyhaveanIQscoreof100points,butMartinscored160points,thehighestscoreonthetest.ThedoctorswhotestedAlexissaidshescoredsohighthattheycouldn’tevenworkoutherIQexactly.Theythinksheisevensmarterthan99.9%oftheworldpopulation.Actually,shematchedtheIQsoftalentslikeAlbertEinstein,StephenHawkingandBillGates.IanMartin,Alexis’father,saidhisdaughtershowedsignsofsomeuniqueabilitiesattheageofoneandshebeganreadingbooksforpupilswhenshewasjusttwoyearsold.Nowattheageofthree,Alexisisreadingonafifthgradelevel.“From12monthsold,we’dbedrivingaroundinthecarandshewouldrepeatherbedtimestoriesfromthenightbefore,”hesaid.“Shedidn’tjustrepeatthem.Shecouldremembereverywordofthemexactly.”IanMartinthinkshisdaughteralsostandsoutwhenitcomestolearningnewlanguages.“Anytimeshelearnsawordandjustpicksitupthroughanything,shenevereverusesitintheincorrectsituation,ever,”Iansaid.WhileAlexis’sparentsareproudthattheirthree-year-olddaughterhasbecomeamemberinMensa,theyarealsoawareofthepricethatcomeswitheverygift.ThedoctorssayAlexisshouldneverattendanormalschoolandchildrenwithherlevelofintelligence（智力）oftenexperiencehighanxiety（焦慮）unlessthey’rearoundsimilarlygiftedboysandgirls.Herparentsdecidetofollowtheadviceandtrytolookforproperwaystohelphergetinvolvedintosociety.1.Mensaonlyaccepts__________.（細微環節理解題）A.teenagersunder18intheU.S.B.peoplewithIQsabove160intheU.S.C.talentsintheworldlikeAlbertEinsteinD.peoplewithIQsinthetop2%oftheworld2.Fromthepassage,weknowthatAlexis’IQis__________.（細微環節理解題）A.gettinghigherthroughtrainingB.beyondthelimitoftheIQtestC.abovetheIQofStephenHawkingD.growingtoofasttogetanexactscore 3.OneofAlexis’specialabilitiesisthat__________.（細微環節理解題）A.shecouldreadstoriesattheageofoneB.shecouldwritebooksforpupilsattheageoftwoC.shecanremembereverywordofwhatherparentssaidD.shecanlearnnewwordsquicklyandusethemproperly4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?（推理推斷題）A.Alexisissuretoexperienceanxietyinthefuture.B.Alexis’parentscan’taffordthegiftsthatshechooses.C.Alexis’parentswon’tbeabletofindheranormalschool.D.Alexismayfeelithardtogetalongwiththeaveragepeople.參考答案基礎過關一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯單詞/短語詞性詞義normaladj.正常的differentadj.不同的describev.描述frightenedadj.膽怯 的terribleadj.可怕的，很糟的decidev.確定rudeadj.粗魯的，無理的changev.變更completelyadv.完全地excellentadj.極好的excitingadj.令人興奮的popularadj.受歡迎的discussionn.探討lookforwardto期盼，盼望二、句子英漢互譯。1.Doyouknowwhohaswonthegame?2.Couldyoupleasetellmehowtousethenewcomputer?3.我們也了解到了他妹妹和他摯友杰克的生活。4.很多人盼望看到RJPalacio接下來寫的作品。5.昨天參觀我們學校的那個男人是一個美國摯友。閱讀練習1.D2.B3.D4.DD篇名師點撥名師點撥學問篇高頻詞單詞/短語詞性詞義拓展駕馭狀況優良差possibilityn.可能性adj.possibleopp.impossibleconvenientadj.便利的calmdown安靜下來relaxedadj.放松的necessaryadj.必要的opp.unnecessaryhealthyadj.健康的opp.unhealthyaloneadj.單獨的spendv.度過，花費informationn.信息separate…from…把…與…分開長難句1.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber.（優良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：我可以通過Viber給我住在洛杉磯的妹妹打電話。本句為who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞sister。2.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped（包袱）upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(認可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.（優良差）_________________________________________________________________________________________________句意：這是一個我們能得到很多關于其他人生活的表面信息的時代，但是被別人所做的事情包袱起來或是總是考慮得到別人的認可可能是特別不健康的。本句的前半部分是一個由when引導的定語從句修飾先行詞age，后半句是動名詞短語作主語的句子。方法篇“方法得當,事半功倍。”只有語料的積累,沒有好方法的協助也是不夠的。對于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理,能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯,在有足夠語料積累的基礎上,能夠幫助我們爭取高分。敬愛的同學,老師已經為你細心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧,快來看看你駕馭了多少？一、閱讀理解解題步驟第一步快速閱讀全文，了解文章也許。閱讀時要留意以下句子：每段的開頭和結尾，重要的情節句子，假如遇到未學或不相識的單詞或不理解的句子，可以依據上下文揣測，切不行停留而放慢速度。其次步閱讀問題，明確要求。把文章后每個題目內容看明白，這樣又能協助進一步理解文章的主要內容，詳細做題時就能對號入座，找到文章中準確表達所要回答問題的關鍵句子。第三步通篇尋讀，確定段落。也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分打算。第四步逐條分析，對號入座。把須要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對號入座。一般來說，出題者問題設計都是依據文章內容自上到下依次設計的，依據難度先解決簡單的，最終解決深層次的理解題。第五步復讀全文，驗證答案。全部題目做完后，必需再細致閱讀一遍全文，進一步加深對文章理解，核實所選答案是否正確。二、閱讀理解解題技巧初中英語選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細微環節理解題，推理推斷題，揣測詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來我們將從這四種題型的定義，設題方式和解題技巧三方面進行介紹。題型題型一：細微環節理解題說明本類試題主要考察學生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細微環節或文章的主要事實的理解實力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時間（when）、地點（where）、緣由（cause）、結果（effect）、文中的數據（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等經常考察這些細微環節。設題方式1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/false?2.Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?3.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc)…?解題技巧1.細心審題，干脆就題找答案2.變通理解，間接轉述找答案3.多點歸納，綜合事實找答案典題精析Whichhanddoyouusewhenwrite?About8to15percentofpeoplearelefthanded.Theyoftenhavetousetoolsthataredesignedforright-handedpeople.Soitisdifficultforleft-handerstousemosttools.Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.Ifright-handerscutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand,theywill.A.gethurt B.giveupcutting C.feelawkward D.changetheirtools本題可以運用到解題技巧1.細心審題，干脆就題找答案閱讀題干，確定關鍵短語為cutuppotatoeswiththeirlefthand，閱讀段落，確定關鍵句Ifyouarerighthanded,trythisexperiment:Takeaknifewithyourlefthandandtrycuttingapotatointopieces.Don’tbesurprisedifyoufeelawkward（別扭的）.“假如你是一個習慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。假如你感到別扭并不讓人驚異。”，依據句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。題型題型二：推理推斷題說明推理推斷題著重考察學生的邏輯思維實力，即要求學生依據文章的邏輯關系進行推理推斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、看法等。設題方式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.2.Fromthetextweknowthat_____.3.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree?4.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma_____.解題技巧1.通過文章陳述的事實進行推斷2.依據文章所供應的的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言進行推斷3.依據作者的意圖和看法進行推斷典題精析Boredomisoftenlinkedwithloneliness,butawriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.Shetoldresearchersaboutherchildhood.Havingfewthingstodo,Syaloftentalkedwithherneighbors.Shealsotriedtodothingslikelearningtobakecakes.“Butimportantly,IThoughtandwrotealot,becauseIwasbored,”Syalsaid.Shekeptadiary,fillinghertimewithshortstoriesandpoemsshemadeup.GraysonPerry,anartist,grewupinafamilywithlittlemoney.Heenjoyedhimselfbymakingupstories,drawingpicturesforhisstoriesandreadingmanybooksinthelibrary.Boredbutfree,hespenthourslookingoutofthewindow,watchingthechangingcloudsandseasons.Perryfilleduphisfreetimewithwhatheliked.Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.ThewritertalksaboutSyalandPerryto.A.stressthegreatdifferencesbetweenthemB.introduceapopularwriterandafamousartistC.suggestgoodwaysofgoingthroughboredomD.showeffectsofboredomondevelopingcreativity本題可以運用到解題技巧2.依據文章所供應的的背景，人物的表情，動作和語言進行推斷題干意為“作者談論Syal和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個段落很長，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個人物的看法，第一段中關鍵句為awriternamedMeeraSyalsaidboredomhadhelpedherindevelopinghermind.意為“MeeraSyal說無聊幫助她發展了她的思想”，其次段關鍵句為Hebecamecreative,becausehecouldthinkfreely.意為“他變得主動，因為他能夠自由思索”，由這兩句關鍵句可知兩個人都認為“無聊可以發展創建力，”，故選D。題型題型三：詞義揣測題說明單詞的揣測實力是閱讀理解實力的主要組成部分，是考查對文中關鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要依據文中語境來推斷。設題方式1.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans______.2.Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_____.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解題技巧1.通過因果關系揣測詞義2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關系揣測詞義3.通過構詞法揣測詞義4.通過定義或釋義說明來揣測詞義5.通過描述揣測詞義6.用學問和生活閱歷揣測詞義7.依據上下文的指代關系揣測詞義典題精析Childrenareexpectedbytheirparentstobereadingatextbookallthetime.However,researchshowsthatitmayhamperthedevelopmentoftheirimagination,whileboredomcangivethemopportunitiestodevelopcreativity.Whatdoestheword“hamper”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown. B.Keepupwith. C.Gobeyond. D.Giveriseto.本題可以運用到解題技巧2.通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關系揣測詞義閱讀本段，會發覺本段中存在轉折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無聊能給他們發展創建力的機會”，所以while之前的句意應當與之相反，進一步推想詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導致”，故選A。題型題型四：主旨大意題說明考查學生對文章主題或中心思想的領悟和理解實力。設題方式1.問標題：Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?/Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.2.問中心：Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____./Thepassageismostlyabout_____.3.問目的，看法：Theauthorwantstotell_____./Thepurposeofthisarticleisto_____.解題技巧1.閱讀文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句2.閱讀全文，抓住關鍵字眼，把握主旨3.以駕馭主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣及寫作意圖典題精析Inthepast,peoplethoughtitwasstrangetousethelefthand.Youngstudentslookeddownupontheirleft-handedclassmates.Somechildrenwereevenpunishedforusingtheirlefthandtowrite.Butthesedaysparentsandteachershaveacceptedthat.Inalmosteveryschoolintheworld,left-handedstudentscanusetheirlefthandtowrite.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofbeinglefthanded.B.Encouragementtoleft-handersC.Punishmentforusingthelefthand.D.Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.本題可以運用到解題技巧2.閱讀全文，抓住關鍵字眼，把握主旨本題考察的是其次段段落大意，要首先鎖定其次段的關鍵詞but，but之前的關鍵詞inthepast和itwasstrangetousethelefthand表明白在過去人們認為運用左手是驚奇的，but之后的關鍵詞thesedays和haveacceptedthat表明白現在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講解并描述了人們關于慣用左手的人的看法上的轉變。可以判定答案為Changesinopinionsonleft-handers.，故選D。語篇精講語篇精講閱讀問題（抓住題干及選項中的關鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章）題號題干及選項1Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?（詞義揣測題）A.Interruptive B.Helpful.C.Unsatisfactory. D.Important.2Whatdoesthewriterthinkofbeingaloneproperly?（細微環節理解題）A.It’stheonlywaytogetrelaxed.B.Itmakesotherpeoplefeelupset.C.It’snecessaryandhealthyforpeople.D.Itmakesout-goingpeoplefeellonely.3Thewriteragrees .（推理推斷題）A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselveswithothersC.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselvesD.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly4What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?（主旨大意題）A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?通篇尋讀話題體裁字數建議用時實際用時正確率星級社會現象類爭論文3737分鐘__/4★★★★Thesedaystherearelotofpossibilitiestobealwaysconnectedtofamilyandfriends.NowthatIhavejustmovedloFrance,thiscanbeveryconvenient.IcanringmysisterwholivesinLosAngelesonViber,orIcanSkypemyparentsorfriendsbackinEnglandforachat.However,sometimestheconvenientanddependabilityoftechnologycanbeintrusive.Eventhemostout-goingpeopleneedsome“downtime”tocalmdownontheirownandgetrelaxed.ThisissomethingthatIconsidernecessaryandhealthy.Afterall,youhavetolivewithyourselffortherestofyourlife,soyou’dbetterknowhowtoenjoyyourowncompany.Itcanbeagoodthingtohavetimetoyourselftocollectyourthoughtsandfreeyourfeelings.TodayIwentforawalkbymyselfaroundthelakeandjustday-dreamed.Itwassorelaxingandenjoyableandhelpedmeletgoofmybademotions.However,somehowitseemsrudeorperhapsmakespeoplefeelthatyou'reupsettosaytopeople“I'mgoingtogoandspendsometimebymyself.”Andoftenwhenwearespendingtime‘alone’,weareactuallyconnectedwithapieceofelectricalequipment.WetrytomakesomethingintoaFacebookoraTweettoattractourfriends,orwescroll(滾屏)throughFacebooknosingintootherpeople’slivesorseeingwhatfriendsareupto.Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline,sowecantellhowmuchfuntheyarehavingcomparedtous.Thisisanagewhenwecangetsomuchsurfaceinformationaboutotherpeople'slives,butbeingwrapped（包袱）upinwhatotherpeoplearedoingoralwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(認可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.Perhapsthesedaysforgetaboutthesimplepleasureofspendingtimejustforus.Havingsaidallthat,Ialsothinkthatspendingtoomuchtimebyyourselfcanseparateyoufromothers.Isupposeitisimportanttofindagoodbalancebetweenspendingvaluabletimebyyourselfandwithotherpeople.逐題分析語篇解讀：本篇文章是社會現象類的爭論文。本文主要描述的是當今社會人們大部分時間都在關注別人的生活或在意別人對自己的看法，很少有自己獨處的時間這一社會現象。闡述了我們應當平衡留給自己的時間和與他人交往的時間這一觀點。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intrusive”probablymean?A.Interruptive B.Helpful.C.Unsatisfactory. D.Important.解析：A詞義揣測題。劃線詞匯出現在文章中的第一段，閱讀本段，會發覺本段中存在轉折連詞however“然而”，however之前闡述的是thiscanbeveryconvenient，即與家人聯系是特別便利的，故however后的句子應是與其意思相反的，是消極詞匯，所以解除B和D。依據其次段第一句中的calmdown“冷靜下來”，可以知道劃線詞匯為它的反義詞，A意為“打攪的”；C意為“不滿足”，故選A。2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofbeingaloneproperly?A.It’stheonlywaytogetrelaxed.B.Itmakesotherpeoplefeelupset.C.It’snecessaryandhealthyforpeople.D.Itmakesout-goingpeoplefeellonely.解析：C細微環節理解題。題干意為“作者認為合理的保持孤獨怎么樣？”，閱讀全文，可將答案鎖定在文章其次段中，依據其次段關鍵句“ThisissomethingthatIconsidernecessaryandhealthy.”“我認為是必要的和健康的”，可以判定正確答案為C。3.Thewriteragrees . A.It’simportanttoknowwhatotherpeoplethinkofusB.itsharmfultoalwayscompareourselveswithothersC.technologyhelpsustojudgeandimproveourselvesD.technologyhelpsustoknowaboutotherpeopleclearly解析：B推理推斷題。本文須要我們選擇符合作者觀點的選項。A項意為“知道別對我們的看法是很重要的”，依據第三段倒數其次行句子“alwaysthinkingaboutotherpeople’srecognition(認可)ofuscanbequiteunhealthy.”可以判定此項是錯誤的。B項意為“總是將別和我們自己作比較是有害的”，本句話關鍵詞出現在第三段Wejudgeourselvesandotherpeoplebythephotostheyputonline，因此可以判定選項與作者觀點一樣。CD兩項與文章探討的中心論點無關，解除，故選B。4.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Istechnologyreallygoodforus?B.Howcanwekeepintouchwithothers?C.Whatisthebestwaytoenjoyourselves?D.Dowespendenoughtimetrulybyourselves?解析：D主旨大意題。本篇文章作者所要表達的觀點是我們須要更多的時間獨處，A項意為“科技對我們真的有好處嗎？”；B項意為“我們怎樣能保持與其他人之間的聯系？”；C項意為“過得歡樂的最好方法是什么？”；D項意為“我們真的有足夠的獨處時間嗎？”，故選D。精講筆記語篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個）單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運用（激勵學生用所學詞匯造句）語篇中的學到的方法（至少駕馭2種）細微環節理解題2推理推斷題3詞義揣測題1主旨大意題4實力提升實力提升基礎過關一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯★單詞/短語詞性詞義possibilityn.convenientadj.安靜下來adj.放松的necessaryadj.adj.健康的adj.單獨的v.度過，花費informationn.separate…from…二、句子英漢互譯★★1.我怎能限制我自己？我無法冷靜下來。______________________________________________.2.在踢足球的男孩們是一班的。______________________________________________.3.Washinghandsbeforemealsisgoodforourhealth._________