高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1陜西省咸陽市2025屆高三下學期三模英語試題第一部分：聽力（略）第二部分：閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATexasisastaterichinattractionsforfamilies,fromdinosaurtrackstoearlysettlements.HerearefourhotelsthatprovideeasyaccesstothebestofwhatTexasoffers.LaPalmilla,GlenRoseLaPalmillaisaboutique(精品)hotelinthetownofGlenRose.Withbrightandwhitewashedrooms,thehotelofferstwoandthree-bedroomsequippedwithlivinganddiningareasandfullkitchens.NearbyDinosaurValleyStateParkfeaturespreserveddinosaurfootprintsfromtheCretaceousAge,visibleintheriverbed.Canoeingandfishingarealsoallowedintheriver.HotelPasoDelNorte,ElPasoSinceitsopeningin1912,HotelPasoDelNortehashostedmanynotableguests,includingmoviestarsandformerpresidents.Thehistoriclobby,withitsblue-greencolored-glassdomeandwalls,isamust-see.RoomsfacingtheFranklinMountainsofferbreathtakingviews.Familiescanenjoyvisitingthefarmersmarket,andanotherhighlightisnearbyWhiteSandNationalPark,wherekidscansleddownsoftdunes(沙丘).AlbertHotel,FredericksburgTheAlbertHotel,locatedinTexasHillCountry,isacozy105-roomhotelwhichcombineshistoriccharmwithmodernconstruction.Familieswillenjoytheinvitingroomsandon-siteartisanalmarket.Anotherhighlightisthehotel’sapproachtothePioneerMuseum,whichprovidesaglimpseintothetown’searlydaysasaGermansettlement.FourSeasons,HoustonTheFourSeasonsHotelHoustonwith404-roomispopularamongfamiliesforitsattentiontodetailandservice.Thehotelfeatureschildren’sfacilitiesandtwoTop-golfgamesimulator(模擬器)areasonthefirstfloor.AvisittoNASA’sJohnsonSpaceCenter,justbeyondthecitylimits,offersachancetotouranastronauttrainingfacilityusedduringtheApollomissions.1.WhatcanfamiliesdonearbyLaPalmillainGlenRose?A.VisitaGermansettlement. B.Viewdinosaurfootprints.C.TourtheApollomissions. D.Viewthefarmersmarket.2.WhatmakesHotelPasoDelNorteinElPasofamous?A.Historiccharmandmodernconstruction. B.Children’sfacilitiesandfarmersmarket.C.Historiclobbywithstained-glassdome. D.AvisittoNASA’sJohnsonSpaceCenter.3.Whichhotelisthebestchoiceforafamilyinterestedinspaceexploration?A.AlbertHotel,Fredericksburg. B.LaPalmilla,GlenRose.C.HotelPasoDelNorte,ElPaso. D.FourSeasons,Houston.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹了德克薩斯州四家適合家庭入住的酒店，涵蓋其特色與周邊景點，為家庭游客提供出行參考。【1題詳析】細節理解題。根據“LaPalmilla,GlenRose”部分中的“NearbyDinosaurValleyStateParkfeaturespreserveddinosaurfootprintsfromtheCretaceousAge,visibleintheriverbed.(附近的恐龍谷州立公園有保存完好的白堊紀恐龍腳印，在河床中清晰可見。)”可知，在格倫羅斯的拉帕爾米拉酒店附近，家庭游客可以觀看恐龍腳印。故選B項。【2題詳析】細節理解題。根據“HotelPasoDelNorte,ElPaso”部分中的“Sinceitsopeningin1912,HotelPasoDelNortehashostedmanynotableguests,includingmoviestarsandformerpresidents.Thehistoriclobby,withitsblue-greencolored-glassdomeandwalls,isamust-see.(自1912年開業以來，帕索德爾諾特酒店接待了許多知名客人，包括電影明星和前總統。具有藍綠色彩色玻璃圓頂和墻壁的歷史悠久的大堂是必看之處。)”可知，埃爾帕索的帕索德爾諾特酒店因帶有彩色玻璃圓頂的歷史大堂而聞名。故選C項。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據“FourSeasons,Houston”部分中的“AvisittoNASA’sJohnsonSpaceCenter,justbeyondthecitylimits,offersachancetotouranastronauttrainingfacilityusedduringtheApollomissions.(參觀位于城市邊界外的美國國家航空航天局約翰遜航天中心，為游客提供了一個參觀阿波羅任務期間使用的宇航員訓練設施的機會。)”可知，對于對太空探索感興趣的家庭來說，休斯頓的四季酒店是最佳選擇，因為可以去參觀美國國家航空航天局約翰遜航天中心。故選D項。BWhenpianistZhangJialin,aprofessorattheCentralConservatoryofMusicinBeijing,wastaskedin2018withselectingpiecesfortheentranceexamforthemaster’sprograminvocalaccompaniment,hecameacrossahiddentreasure:artsongsbytheGermancomposerEllinorValesby(1894—1969).ThepieceswerecomposedusingChineseclassicalpoetry,andimmediatelysparkedZhang’sinterest.Artsongiswrittenforsolovoiceandpianoaccompaniment,andcombinespoetryandmusic.Oneofthepieces,Wave-washingSand:RainMurmursFromAcrosstheCurtain,basedonapoembyLiYu—thelastemperoroftheSouthernTangDynastyduringtheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsperiod—capturedZhang’simagination.“Iplayeditonthepianoandwasstruckbyitsbeauty,”hesays.“Themelodywasgraceful,theharmonywasdelicate,andtheoverallfeelingwassopoetic.Ithadaperfectlevelofdifficulty—nottooeasy,nortoohard—makingitidealfortheexam,and,moreimportantly,unfamiliarenoughtoensurefairnessforthecandidates.”AshedovedeeperintoValesby’sworkandtheworldofearlyChineseartsongs,heuncoveredamusicallandscapefullofforgottenmasterpieces.OnMarch8,heandhiswife,singerGanLulu,releasedtheirnewalbum,TreasuresFromthePastCentury.ItfeaturesnotonlycompositionsbyValesby,butalsobynotableChinesecomposers.ThecoupleperformedtracksfromthealbumattheNationalCentreforthePerformingArtsinBeijing,sharingtheirrediscovery.ZhangandGanhavebeentouringChinasinceJune2023,performingandpromotingthesongs.Theirconcertshavebeenmetwithgreatenthusiasm.“Manypeoplearehearingthesepiecesforthefirsttime,buttheyarecompletelyattractedandtheyletthemusictakethemonajourney,”Gansays.InbringingtheseearlyChineseartsongsbacktolife,ZhangandGanarenotjustbreathingnewlifeintoforgottenmusic—theyarereconnectinglistenerstoaculturalheritagethathaslongbeenoverlooked.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“captured”inParagraph2mean?A.Lost. B.Caught. C.Created. D.Expressed.5.WhatwasthekeyreasonwhyZhangchoseWave-washingSandfortheentranceexam?A.Itsmelody. B.Itsdifficulty. C.Itspopularity. D.Itsunfamiliarity.6.WhatcanweknowaboutZhangJialinandGanLulu’sconcerts?A.Short-lived. B.Little-known. C.Well-received. D.New-fashioned.7.WhatisthemainpurposeofZhangJialinandGanLulu’swork?A.Tocreatenewartsongs. B.Togainmorereputation.C.Toreawakenforgottenmusic. D.Toshowtheirmusicaltalents.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了鋼琴家張佳林在為考試選曲時，發現了德國作曲家根據中國古典詩詞創作的藝術歌曲。他與妻子甘璐璐發行專輯并巡回演出，推廣這些被遺忘的作品，讓聽眾重連被忽視的文化遺產。【4題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據第二段劃線詞前的“Oneofthepieces,Wave-washingSand:RainMurmursFromAcrosstheCurtain,basedonapoembyLiYu—thelastemperoroftheSouthernTangDynastyduringtheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsperiod(其中一首作品《浪淘沙?簾外雨潺潺》，是根據五代十國時期南唐末代皇帝李煜的一首詞改編的。)”以及第三段前兩句““Iplayeditonthepianoandwasstruckbyitsbeauty,”hesays.“Themelodywasgraceful,theharmonywasdelicate,andtheoverallfeelingwassopoetic.(“我用鋼琴彈奏了它，被它的美所震撼，”他說。“旋律優美，和聲細膩，整體感覺充滿詩意。”)”可知，這首曲子吸引了張佳林，讓他產生了興趣。所以“captured”意思與“caught(吸引)”相近。故選B項。【5題詳析】細節理解題。根據第三段第三句“Ithadaperfectlevelofdifficulty—nottooeasy,nortoohard—makingitidealfortheexam,and,moreimportantly,unfamiliarenoughtoensurefairnessforthecandidates.(它的難度恰到好處——既不太容易，也不太難——非常適合考試，更重要的是，它足夠陌生，以確保考生的公平性。)”可知，張佳林選擇《浪淘沙》作為入學考試曲目，關鍵原因是它的陌生性，這樣能保證考試的公平性。故選D項。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第五段“ZhangandGanhavebeentouringChinasinceJune2023,performingandpromotingthesongs.Theirconcertshavebeenmetwithgreatenthusiasm.“Manypeoplearehearingthesepiecesforthefirsttime,buttheyarecompletelyattractedandtheyletthemusictakethemonajourney,”Gansays.(張佳林和甘璐璐自2023年6月以來一直在中國巡回演出，表演并推廣這些歌曲。他們的音樂會受到了極大的歡迎。甘璐璐說：“很多人都是第一次聽到這些曲子，但他們完全被吸引住了，他們讓音樂帶他們踏上了一段旅程。”)”可知，他們的音樂會受到了觀眾的熱烈歡迎。故選C項。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“InbringingtheseearlyChineseartsongsbacktolife,ZhangandGanarenotjustbreathingnewlifeintoforgottenmusic—theyarereconnectinglistenerstoaculturalheritagethathaslongbeenoverlooked.(在讓這些早期的中國藝術歌曲重獲生機的過程中，張佳林和甘璐璐不僅為被遺忘的音樂注入了新的活力，還讓聽眾重新連接起了長期被忽視的文化遺產。)”可知，張佳林和甘璐璐工作的主要目的是讓被遺忘的音樂重新煥發生機。故選C項。CAccordingtoalandmarkstudypublishedinthejournalScience,totalbutterflyabundanceintheU.S.hasdeclinedby22percentacrossallspeciesbetween2000and2020.“Thisisawake-upcall.Peopleshouldbeseeingthisnumberandbeingvery,veryconcerned,notjustaboutbutterflies,butaboutthestateofinsectsingeneral,”saysElizaGrames,aconservationbiologistatBinghamtonUniversityinNewYorkandcoauthorofthestudy.Initially,Gramessayssheexpectedtoseedeclinesformanyspecies,butthatonceallthedatawasexpandedtocovertheentirenation,shealsoexpectedtoseeenoughincreasestowashoutthebadnews.Unfortunately,thatwasnotthecase.“It’skindofanoverwhelmingamountoflossanddecline,”shesays.Forfearthatyouthinkthewidespreaddeclinesonlyinvolveahandfuloflittle-knownspeciesthatwerealreadyclosetoextinction,thescientistsfoundthat13timesasmanybutterflyspecieswereindeclinecomparedtothosethatwereincreasing.Morethan100speciessawdropsgreaterthan50percentoverthetwenty-yeartimeperiod.Thisincludes22speciesthathavedeclinedmorethan90percent,includingsomeofthecommonestandmost-lovedspecies.Scientistssaythebutterflylossescanresultfrommanyfactors,includinghabitatloss,climatechange,andpesticideuse.Whileclimatechangeoragriculturalpesticideuserequirebigsocietyshifts,therearesomethingseachofuscandotohelpbutterflies.“Becauseinsectshaveshortgenerationspans,evenmodestchangestotheenvironment—suchasplantingnativeflowersorcreatinghabitat—canhaveahugeimpactonthepopulation,”saysGrames.“Ifyou’reimprovinghabitatforelephants,let’ssay,you’regoingtobewaitingdecadesbeforeyouseeresultsofthat,”shesays.“Ifyouimprovehabitatsforbutterfliesthatcanhaveonetothreegenerationsperyear,you’regoingtoseeaprettyimmediateincreaseinpopulation.”“Ithinkthat’soneofthemostoptimisticthings,”saysGrames.Butterflies“dohavetheabilitytobounceback,ifweputtheeffortintoconservationactions.”8.InParagraph1,theauthorpresents________.A.apopularbelief B.aworryingwarningC.acommon-heldview D.atheoreticalassumption9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3abouttheresearch?A.Themost-lovedspeciesareextinct. B.Evencommonspeciesareintrouble.C.Mostbutterflyspeciesareontherise. D.Thestudymainlyfocusesonrarespecies.10.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexplainbymentioningelephants?A.Toillustratethedifficultyofelephantconservation.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhabitatimprovement.C.Tohighlighttherapidrecoverypotentialofbutterflies.D.Toshowthesimilaritybetweenelephantsandbutterflies.11.WhatdoesGramesthinkofthefutureofbutterflies?A.Eventful. B.Uncertain. C.Promising. D.Insignificant.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項發表于《科學》雜志的具有里程碑意義的研究，研究顯示2000年至2020年間美國所有蝴蝶物種的總體數量下降了22%，分析了蝴蝶數量下降的原因，并指出人們可以通過改善蝴蝶棲息地等助力其種群恢復，蝴蝶數量仍有回升希望。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段“AccordingtoalandmarkstudypublishedinthejournalScience,totalbutterflyabundanceintheU.S.hasdeclinedby22percentacrossallspeciesbetween2000and2020.“Thisisawake-upcall.Peopleshouldbeseeingthisnumberandbeingvery,veryconcerned,notjustaboutbutterflies,butaboutthestateofinsectsingeneral,”saysElizaGrames,aconservationbiologistatBinghamtonUniversityinNewYorkandcoauthorofthestudy.(根據發表在《科學》雜志上的一項具有里程碑意義的研究，在2000年至2020年間，美國所有蝴蝶物種的總體數量減少了22%。紐約賓厄姆頓大學的保護生物學家、該研究的合著者伊莉莎?格雷姆斯（ElizaGrames）表示：“這是一個警鐘。人們看到這個數字時應該感到非常非常擔憂，不僅是為蝴蝶擔憂，也應該為整個昆蟲界的狀況感到擔憂。”)”可知，作者在第一段呈現了一個令人擔憂的警告。故選B項。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段后兩句“Morethan100speciessawdropsgreaterthan50percentoverthetwenty-yeartimeperiod.Thisincludes22speciesthathavedeclinedmorethan90percent,includingsomeofthecommonestandmost-lovedspecies.(在這20年里，超過100個物種的數量下降幅度超過了50%。其中包括22個數量下降超過90%的物種，這其中就有一些最常見、最受喜愛的物種。)”可推知，即使是常見的蝴蝶物種也面臨著困境。故選B項。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段““Becauseinsectshaveshortgenerationspans,evenmodestchangestotheenvironment—suchasplantingnativeflowersorcreatinghabitat—canhaveahugeimpactonthepopulation,”saysGrames.“Ifyou’reimprovinghabitatforelephants,let’ssay,you’regoingtobewaitingdecadesbeforeyouseeresultsofthat,”shesays.“Ifyouimprovehabitatsforbutterfliesthatcanhaveonetothreegenerationsperyear,you’regoingtoseeaprettyimmediateincreaseinpopulation.”(“因為昆蟲的世代周期很短，所以即使是對環境進行適度的改變——比如種植本土花卉或創造棲息地——也會對其種群數量產生巨大影響，”格雷姆斯說。“比如說，如果你在改善大象的棲息地，那你要等上幾十年才能看到成效，”她說。“如果你改善蝴蝶的棲息地，蝴蝶每年可以繁殖一到三代，你很快就會看到其數量顯著增加。”)”可知，作者提到大象是為了通過對比，突出蝴蝶具有快速恢復種群數量的潛力。故選C項。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段““Ithinkthat’soneofthemostoptimisticthings,”saysGrames.Butterflies“dohavetheabilitytobounceback,ifweputtheeffortintoconservationactions.”(“我認為這是最樂觀的事情之一，”格雷姆斯說。如果我們努力采取保護行動，蝴蝶“確實有能力恢復數量。”)”可知，格雷姆斯認為蝴蝶的未來是有希望的。故選C項。DInapioneeringachievement,scientistshavesuccessfullytransformedlightintoa“supersolid,”astateofmatterthatexhibitscharacteristicsofbothsolidsandliquidsinthemeantime.Thisremarkablediscovery,publishedinthejournalScience,pavesthewayfornoveladvancementsincondensed-matter(凝聚態物)physics.Asupersolidisauniquestateofmattergovernedbytheprinciplesofquantummechanics.Inthisstate,particlesformanorganized,crystalstructurelikeasolid,yettheycanmovefreelyandfluidlylikealiquidwithoutstickness.Thelackofsticknessmeansthatsupersolidscanquicklypipethemselvesoutofanycontainers.Ordinarysolidsaretypicallystaticanddonotmoveontheirown.However,supersolidspossesstheabilitytochangedirectionanddensitybasedonparticleinteractionswhilestillkeepinganorderlynetworkstructure.Theformationofsupersolidsrequiresextremelylowtemperatures,usuallyclosetoabsolutezero(minus459.67degreesFahrenheitorminus273.15degreesCelsius).Whilesupersolidshavebeenpreviouslycreatedfromatomicgases,therecentresearchemployedanovelmechanisminvolving“polariton(極化子)“systems.Polaritonsaremultipleparticlesformedbythestrongcouplingoflightandquasiparticles(準粒子)throughelectromagneticinteractions.Thesepolaritonscanconcentrateintothelowestpossibleenergystate,similartocertainatomicgases.Namely,lightiscombinedwithmatter,andtogether,theycanbecondensedintoasupersolid.Thestudyofsupersolidsiscrucialbecauseitallowsustoobservetheeffectsoftinyinteractionsbetweenparticleswithouttheinterferenceoftemperature.Byexaminingthebehaviorandcharacteristicsofsupersolids,wegaininsightsintothefundamentalwaysinwhichatomsandparticlesareorganized.Thisknowledgehelpsusunderstandtheworldatabasiclevel.Withfurtherresearchanddevelopment,supersolidsholdgreatpotentialforvariousapplications.Theycouldbeusedinquantumcomputing,superconductors,frictionlessoils,andpotentiallymanyotherapplicationsthatwehaveyettoimagine.Thecreationofasupersolidfromlightrepresentsasignificantleapforwardinthisfield.12.Whatisasupersolidaccordingtothepassage?A.Astateofmatterthatexistsonlyatextremelyhightemperatures.B.Astateofmatterthatisbothsolidandliquidatthesametime.C.Astateofmatterthatiscompletelysolidwithoutliquidproperties.D.Astateofmatterthatiscompletelyliquidwithoutsolidproperties.13.Whatisoneoftheuniquecharacteristicsofsupersolidscomparedtoordinarysolids?A.Supersolidscanmoveontheirown. B.Supersolidsarealwaysinaliquidstate.C.Supersolidsrequirehightemperaturestoform. D.Supersolidscannotchangedirectionordensity.14.WhatistheroleofpolaritonsincreatingthesupersolidsinParagraph4?A.Polaritonsprovidethenecessaryheattoformthesupersolid.B.Polaritonsallowlighttobecondensedintoasupersolidstate.C.Polaritonsareusedtocreateastrongerelectromagneticfield.D.Polaritonsareusedtoincreasethesticknessofthesupersolid,15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theimportanceoffurtherresearchintosupersolids.B.Theprocessoftransforminglightintoasupersolid.C.Thefeaturesandpotentialapplicationsofsupersolids.D.Thehistoryandpotentialvalueofsupersolidresearch.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了科學家成功將光轉化為“超固體”這一開創性成果。文章闡述了超固體的定義、特性，介紹了此次研究中利用極化子系統創造超固體的機制，還說明了研究超固體的重要性以及其在量子計算等領域的潛在應用。【12題詳析】細節理解題。根據第一段第一句“Inapioneeringachievement,scientistshavesuccessfullytransformedlightintoa“supersolid,”astateofmatterthatexhibitscharacteristicsofbothsolidsandliquidsinthemeantime.(在一項開創性的成果中，科學家們成功地將光轉化為一種“超固體”，這是一種同時具有固體和液體特性的物質狀態。)”以及第二段前兩句“Asupersolidisauniquestateofmattergovernedbytheprinciplesofquantummechanics.Inthisstate,particlesformanorganized,crystalstructurelikeasolid,yettheycanmovefreelyandfluidlylikealiquidwithoutstickness.(超固體是一種由量子力學原理支配的獨特物質狀態。在這種狀態下，粒子形成像固體一樣有組織的晶體結構，但它們可以像液體一樣自由流暢地移動而沒有粘性。)”可知，超固體是一種同時具有固體和液體特性的物質狀態。故選B項。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第三段前兩句“Ordinarysolidsaretypicallystaticanddonotmoveontheirown.However,supersolidspossesstheabilitytochangedirectionanddensitybasedonparticleinteractionswhilestillkeepinganorderlynetworkstructure.(普通固體通常是靜態的，不會自行移動。然而，超固體具有根據粒子間的相互作用改變方向和密度的能力，同時仍保持有序的網絡結構。)”可知，與普通固體相比，超固體的獨特特征之一是它可以自行移動。故選A項。【14題詳析】細節理解題。根據第四段“Whilesupersolidshavebeenpreviouslycreatedfromatomicgases,therecentresearchemployedanovelmechanisminvolving“polariton(極化子)“systems.Polaritonsaremultipleparticlesformedbythestrongcouplingoflightandquasiparticles(準粒子)throughelectromagneticinteractions.Thesepolaritonscanconcentrateintothelowestpossibleenergystate,similartocertainatomicgases.Namely,lightiscombinedwithmatter,andtogether,theycanbecondensedintoasupersolid.(雖然以前超固體是由原子氣體形成的，但最近的研究采用了一種涉及“極化子”系統的新機制。極化子是由光和準粒子通過電磁相互作用強烈耦合形成的多種粒子。這些極化子可以聚集到盡可能低的能量狀態，類似于某些原子氣體。也就是說，光與物質結合在一起，它們可以凝聚成超固體。)”可知，極化子的作用是使光凝聚成超固體狀態。故選B項。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段介紹了科學家成功將光轉化為超固體這一成果，第二段和第三段介紹了超固體的定義和特性，第四段介紹了此次研究中利用極化子系統創造超固體的機制，第五段說明了研究超固體的重要性，第六段闡述了超固體在量子計算等領域的潛在應用。所以文章主要是關于超固體的特征和潛在應用。故選C項。第二節（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Iswalkingbackwardbetter?Walkingisoneofthesimplestandmostaccessiblewaystostayfit,butsomepeopleassumethattakingafewstepsinreverse(反向)couldunlockevengreaterbenefits.Thisseeminglyunconventionalmovement,knownasbackwardwalkingorretrowalking,isgainingattentionforimprovingbalance,strengtheningunderusedmuscles,andevensharpeningcognitivefunction.___16___Benefitsofwalkingbackward.Unlikeforwardwalking,whichprimarilyengagestheankles,walkingbackwardshiftstheworkloadtothehipsandknees.Thisminorchangeinmovementactivatesdifferentmusclegroups,offeringuniquebenefitsforstrengthandmobility.JanetDufek,anutritionsciencesprofessorattheUniversityofNevada,foundthatretrowalkingincreaseslowbackandlegflexibility,reduceslowbackpain,andimprovesbalanceandstability.___17___AccordingtotheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine,retrowalkingburns40percentmorecaloriesperminutethanlivelyforwardwalking.Aworkoutforthebraintoo.Emergingresearchsuggeststhatwalkingbackwarddoesmorethanstrengthenmuscles.___18___Thiswasprovedina2019studywhichfoundthatparticipantswhowalkedbackwardfor10to15minutesthreetofourtimesaweekshowedgreaterimprovementsincognitivefunctioningandmemorythanthosewhosteppedforwardorremainedinactive.___19___Noteveryoneisfullyconvincedaboutthebenefitsofretrowalking,though.“Theevidenceforbackwardwalkingtrainingmostlycomesfromphysicaltherapy,whereverysmallstudiesshowthatthistypeoftrainingmayhelppeoplewithkneeissueswhenaddedtoaregularphysicaltherapyprogram,”saysJonathanJarry,asciencecommunicatorinMcGillUniversity.“Fortherestofus,weareleftwithanodd-lookingexercisethatisunlikelytobebetterthanregularworkouts,andthatcomeswiththeaddeddangeroftrippingoverourselves.”Haasadds.___20___“Justbecarefulinyourpractice.Useofatreadmill(跑步機)canreducetheserisks,”saysDufek.“Ensurethatyourwalkingspaceissafewithouttripdanger.Youcanalwaysuseawalkingpartnertobeyour‘eye’whenyoucannotsee.”A.Italsosharpenscognitivefunction.B.Iswalkingbackwardreallybetter?C.Butthebenefitsgobeyondthese.D.Still,safetyiskeyforthosewillingtotryit.E.However,theimprovementinflexibilityisnotalwaysobvious.F.Herearesomepracticaltipstomakeretrowalkingpracticeaspleasantaspossible.G.Now,researchersareuncoveringjusthowinfluentialthissmallchangeinmovementcanbe.【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.B20.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了倒著走（retrowalking）的好處，同時也提到了一些人對此的不同看法以及倒著走時的安全注意事項。【16題詳析】根據上文“Walkingisoneofthesimplestandmostaccessiblewaystostayfit,butsomepeopleassumethattakingafewstepsinreversecouldunlockevengreaterbenefits.Thisseeminglyunconventionalmovement,knownasbackwardwalkingorretrowalking,isgainingattentionforimprovingbalance,strengtheningunderusedmuscles,andevensharpeningcognitivefunction.(散步是保持健康最簡單、最容易做到的方式之一，但有些人認為，倒著走幾步可能會帶來更大的益處。這種看似非傳統的運動，即倒走，因其有助于改善平衡、鍛煉較少使用的肌肉，甚至提高認知功能而受到關注。)”以及下文“Benefitsofwalkingbackward.(倒著走的好處。)”可知，此空需起到承上啟下的作用。G選項“Now,researchersareuncoveringjusthowinfluentialthissmallchangeinmovementcanbe.(現在，研究人員正在揭示這種運動上的小改變到底能有多大的影響。)”既承接了上文倒著走受關注的內容，又引出了下文對其好處的詳細說明。故選G項。【17題詳析】根據上文“JanetDufek,anutritionsciencesprofessorattheUniversityofNevada,foundthatretrowalkingincreaseslowbackandlegflexibility,reduceslowbackpain,andimprovesbalanceandstability.(內華達大學營養學教授珍妮特?杜菲克發現，倒著走能增強下背部和腿部的柔韌性，減輕下背部疼痛，并改善平衡和穩定性。)”以及下文“AccordingtotheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine,retrowalkingburns40percentmorecaloriesperminutethanlivelyforwardwalking.(根據美國運動醫學學院的研究，倒著走每分鐘燃燒的卡路里比輕快的正著走多40%。)”可知，此空應體現倒著走的好處還有其他方面。C選項“Butthebenefitsgobeyondthese.”（但好處不止這些）能夠承接上文已提及的好處，并引出下文新的好處。故選C項。【18題詳析】根據上文“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatwalkingbackwarddoesmorethanstrengthenmuscles.(新興研究表明，倒著走的益處不止于增強肌肉。)”以及下文“Thiswasprovedina2019studywhichfoundthatparticipantswhowalkedbackwardfor10to15minutesthreetofourtimesaweekshowedgreaterimprovementsincognitivefunctioningandmemorythanthosewhosteppedforwardorremainedinactive.(這在2019年的一項研究中得到了證實，該研究發現，每周三到四次倒著走10到15分鐘的參與者，在認知功能和記憶力方面的改善比正著走或不活動的參與者更大。)”可知，此空應具體說明倒著走在認知功能方面的作用。A選項“Italsosharpenscognitivefunction.(它還能提高認知功能。)”與上文“doesmorethanstrengthenmuscles”相呼應，且引出下文的研究證明。故選A項。【19題詳析】根據下文“Noteveryoneisfullyconvincedaboutthebenefitsofretrowalking,though.“Theevidenceforbackwardwalkingtrainingmostlycomesfromphysicaltherapy,whereverysmallstudiesshowthatthistypeoftrainingmayhelppeoplewithkneeissueswhenaddedtoaregularphysicaltherapyprogram,”saysJonathanJarry,asciencecommunicatorinMcGillUniversity.(不過，并非所有人都完全相信倒著走的益處。麥吉爾大學的科學傳播者喬納森?賈里表示：“倒走訓練的相關證據大多來自物理治療領域，一些規模非常小的研究表明，在常規物理治療方案中加入這種訓練，可能會對有膝蓋問題的人有所幫助。”)”和設空位置可知，此空應作為段落主題句引出對倒著走好處存在的不同看法。B選項“Iswalkingbackwardreallybetter?(倒著走真的更好嗎？)”以問句形式引出了對倒著走好處的探討。故選B項。【20題詳析】根據上文““Fortherestofus,weareleftwithanodd-lookingexercisethatisunlikelytobebetterthanregularworkouts,andthatcomeswiththeaddeddangeroftrippingoverourselves.”Haasadds.(哈斯補充道：“對于我們其他人來說，這是一項看起來很奇怪的鍛煉，不太可能比常規鍛煉效果更好，而且還增加了絆倒自己的風險。”)”以及下文““Justbecarefulinyourpractice.Useofatreadmill(跑步機)canreducetheserisks,”saysDufek.“Ensurethatyourwalkingspaceissafewithouttripdanger.Youcanalwaysuseawalkingpartnertobeyour‘eye’whenyoucannotsee.”(杜菲克說：“訓練時一定要小心。使用跑步機可以降低這些風險。要確保你行走的空間安全，沒有絆倒的危險。當你看不見時，你可以找一個陪你走路的人來當你的‘眼睛’。”)”可知，此空應強調安全的重要性。D選項“Still,safetyiskeyforthosewillingtotryit.(不過，對于那些愿意嘗試的人來說，安全是關鍵。)”既承接了上文提到的危險，又引出了下文的安全建議，符合語境。故選D項。第三部分：語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Samuellovedanimalssincechildhood.Hegrewupinanenvironmentfullof___21___andreturnedhomeeverynightafterseeingthejungleanimalshehadalwaysloved.Hismotheroftencomplainedtohim,saying“Itisawasteofyourtimespendingwiththose!”Despitehismother’s___22___,Samuelwasemployedasagardenguardnearhishometown.Moreover,hecanearngoodmoney!Itwasadouble___23___forSamuel.SamuellovedLunaverymuch,theonlywhitetigerinthezoo,whodidnot___24___anyoneotherthanSamuel.Shebecamepregnantandwasaboutto___25___.Unfortunately,shedieddueto___26___duringchildbirth.Samuel___27___themalecubwiththesame___28___andpatiencethathegavetohismother,gradually___29___theheartofthelittletiger.Overtheyears,thelittletigernamedBlancagrew.Buthewassmallerthanothermaletigersand____30____triedto____31____withanimalsofthesametypelikeLuna.BlancaonlytrustedinSamuel.However,sadlySamuelhadtomovetoanothercitybecauseofhiswife’sjobandhecriedwhenthedayof____32____came.FiveyearspassedandhewaseagertomeetBlancawhenhereturnedtothezoo.OthertigerscuriouslyapproachedtoseeifSamuelhad____33____,buthecouldnotseeBlancaanywhere.Depressed,Samuelwas____34____ontheglassofthecagewhenheheardaloud____35____behindhim.Familiarandsurprised,heknewthateverythingwasfineandtheirbondremainedunbroken.21.A.disaster B.nature C.comfort D.adventure22.A.delight B.disappointment C.interest D.surprise23.A.headache B.standard C.victory D.target24.A.approach B.thank C.stretch D.switch25.A.lookround B.runover C.settledown D.givebirth26.A.complications B.substances C.opponents D.insights27.A.found B.gained C.treated D.demanded28.A.difficulty B.character C.affection D.blame29.A.breaking B.expecting C.helping D.opening30.A.frequently B.kindly C.largely D.rarely31.A.surpass B.interact C.outperform D.babysit32.A.separation B.reunion C.celebration D.arrival33.A.food B.fiction C.noodle D.mail34.A.standing B.lying C.leaning D.setting35.A.laughter B.sound C.music D.noise【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.A25.D26.A27.C28.C29.D30.D31.B32.A33.A34.C35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了從小熱愛動物的Samuel與動物園里的白虎Luna及其幼崽Blanca之間的故事，以及Samuel因妻子工作原因離開又回來后與Blanca重逢的情節。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他在一個充滿自然氣息的環境中長大，每天晚上在看過他一直喜愛的叢林動物后才回家。A.disaster災難；B.nature自然；C.comfort舒適；D.adventure冒險。根據下文“afterseeingthejungleanimalshehadalwaysloved”可知，他能看到叢林動物，說明他成長的環境充滿自然氣息。故選B項。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管母親感到失望，塞繆爾還是在家鄉附近找到了一份花園守衛的工作。A.delight高興；B.disappointment失望；