PAGEPAGE1第3節(jié)五類題材集訓(xùn)題材一廣告宣揚(yáng)類考查要點(diǎn)方法技巧1.廣告宣揚(yáng)的目的。2．廣告中提及的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物。3．所介紹的事物、產(chǎn)品的特征。4．所宣揚(yáng)的活動(dòng)、項(xiàng)目的內(nèi)容及其作用。1.閱讀標(biāo)題，了解大意。2．找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵句，把握住細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。3．通過分析、對(duì)比，篩選出可用信息。A篇(2024·石家莊市模擬)InterestingExhibitionsHeldinFourDifferentMuseums◆Name:theBritishPhone：020－7323－8000Website：Openinghours：daily10a．m.－5：30p．m.Price:FreeThisexhibitionaimstoshowthemysteriesofmummification(干尸化)．Fromaking'sdaughtertoatempledoorkeeper，thedisplaysexploretheidentitiesofeightpeople，usingtheirbodiestodiscovercluesabouthowtheylived.Byusingnewmethods，suchasCTscanningand3Dvisualization，theBritishMuseumhasbeenabletobuildupapictureoflifeintheNilevalleyover4,000years，fromprehistoricEgypttoChristianSudan.◆Name：theFashionandTextilePhone：020－7407－8664Website：Openinghours:daily11a．m.－5:30p．m.Price:￡8.80adults，￡5.50studentsThisFashionandTextileMuseumishousingthefirst-everexhibitionoftheclassicMexicanshawl(披肩)，whichbecamefamousinthe20thcentury.Artists，photographersandfashionandtextiledesignerswillbeexhibitingtheircolorfulworksthere.◆Name：theVictoriaandAlbertPhone：020－7942－2000Website:vam.ac.ukOpeninghours：daily10a．m.－5：45p．m.；Fri.10a．m.－10p．m.Price：FreeTheVictoriaandAlbertMuseumhasdugoutsomeoftheirmostcharmingweddingdressestorecordtheirhistoryduringthepasttwocenturies.WhiteweddingdressesweremadepopularbyQueenVictoriainthenineteenthcentury.Seebeautifulweddingdressesmadebyfamousdesigners.◆Name：theSciencePhone：020－7942－4000Website:.ukOpeninghours:daily10a．m.－6p．m.Price:FreeThisfour-dayfestivaldisplaysthelatestexcitinggadgetsandintroducestheirinventors.Visitorscanexploreelectronics,buildrobots，gethands-onexperienceswithnewtechnologiesandhaveagoat3Dprinting.Therewillbedisplaystakingplacethroughoutthefestival，whichissuitableforanyoneagedtenandover.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)英國博物館的展覽，包括博物館的聯(lián)系電話、網(wǎng)址、展出時(shí)間、票價(jià)，重點(diǎn)介紹了展覽的內(nèi)容和特色。1．Whichnumberwouldyoucallifyou'reinterestedinexploringhistorywithmoderntechnologies?A．020－7323－8000. B．020－7407－8664.C．020－7942－2000. D．020－7942－4000.A[考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“exploringhistorywithmoderntechnologies”定位至第一部分最終一句“Byusingnewmethods，suchasCTscanningand3Dvisualization，theBritishMuseumhasbeenabletobuildupapictureoflifeintheNilevalleyover4,000years，fromprehistoricEgypttoChristianSudan”，據(jù)此可知，大英博物館的這一次展出訪用CT掃描、三維可視化等高科技手段探究四千年以來的尼羅河河谷生活風(fēng)貌；依據(jù)聯(lián)系電話可知A項(xiàng)正確。]2．Whichmuseumcanyouvisitifyouarefreeat8p．m.onFriday?A．TheBritishB．TheFashionandTextileC．TheVictoriaandAlbertD．TheScienceC[考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“at8p．m.onFriday”定位至每個(gè)展覽的時(shí)間介紹；依據(jù)第三部分中的“Openinghours：daily10a．m.－5：45p．m.；Fri.10a．m.－10p．m.”可知，該博物館在周五從上午十點(diǎn)到晚上十點(diǎn)都有展出；據(jù)此可知，在周五晚上八點(diǎn)可以去維多利亞和阿爾伯特博物館，故C項(xiàng)正確。]3．WhatcanwelearnabouttheScienceA．Theexhibitionwilllastaweek.B．ItdisplaysCTscanningtechnology.C．Visitorsthemselvescantrynewtechnologies.D．Moreinformationcanbefoundatvam.ac.uk.C[考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)最終一部分其次句“Visitorscanexploreelectronics，buildrobots，gethands-onexperienceswithnewtechnologiesandhaveagoat3Dprinting”可知，游客們可以探究電子設(shè)備、制造機(jī)器人、體驗(yàn)新技術(shù)、嘗試3D打印技術(shù)；據(jù)此可知，游客可以自己嘗試新技術(shù)，故C項(xiàng)正確。]B篇(2024·東北三省四市聯(lián)合模擬)EPPortableHeaterWeallknowthatthecostofheatingourhomeswillcontinuetobeasignificantburdenonthefamilybudget.NowmillionsofpeoplearesavingontheirheatingbillswiththeEPportableheater.WithoveronemillionsatisfiedcustomersaroundtheworldthenewEPheatsbetterandfaster，savesmoreonheatingbillsandrunsalmostsilent.TheEPhasnoexposedheatingpartsthatcancauseafire.TheoutsideoftheEPonlygetswarmtothetouchsothatitwillnotburnchildrenorpets.TheEPwillnotreduceoxygenintheroom.Withotherheatersyou'llnoticethatyougetsleepywhentheheatcomesonbecausetheyareburningupoxygen.TheadvancedEPalsoheatstheroomevenly,walltowallandfloortoceiling.Itcomfortablycoversanareaupto350squarefeet.Otherheatersheatroomsunevenlywithmostoftheheatconcentratedtothecenteroftheroom.Andtheyonlyheatanareaafewfeetaroundtheheater.WiththeEP，thetemperaturewillnotvaryinanypartoftheroom.TheEPcomeswitha3-yearwarranty(保修)anda60-day,noquestionsasked，satisfactionguarantee.Ifyouarenottotallysatisfied，returnitatourexpenseandyourmoneywillbegivenbacktoyou.Nowwehaveaspecialofferfor10days，duringwhichyoucanenjoyahalfpricediscountandafreedelivery.Ifyouorderafterthatwereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequestsatthediscountedprice.Takeactionrightnow!【語篇解讀】無可比擬的高強(qiáng)性能，無與倫比的優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)，無法想象的實(shí)惠價(jià)格，一款新型便攜式加熱器驚艷亮相！機(jī)不行失，時(shí)不再來，心動(dòng)不如行動(dòng)，此時(shí)不買，更待何時(shí)？4．WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?A．TheheatoftheEP.B．ThesafetyoftheEP.C．TheappearanceoftheEP.D．ThematerialoftheEP.B[考查段落主旨。本段提到這種加熱器沒有可以引起火災(zāi)的外露部件，它的外部不會(huì)燒傷孩子或?qū)櫸铮纱丝芍径沃饕接懙氖沁@種加熱器的平安性。]5．FromthepassagewecanlearnthattheEP.A．doesn'tburnupoxygenB．runswithoutanynoiseC．makespeoplegetsleepyD．isunsuitableforchildrenandpetsA[考查推理推斷。第三段第一句提到這種加熱器不會(huì)削減室內(nèi)的氧氣，下一句提到其他的加熱器會(huì)因燃燒掉氧氣而讓你感到昏昏欲睡，由此可推斷出這種加熱器不消耗氧氣，也不會(huì)讓人昏昏欲睡，故A項(xiàng)正確，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；依據(jù)第一段最終一句中的“runsalmostsilent”可推斷出B項(xiàng)不正確；依據(jù)其次段的最終一句可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選A。]6．Theunderlinedword“evenly”inParagraph4probablymeans.A．continuously B．separatelyC．quickly D．equallyD[考查詞義揣測(cè)。本段提到這種先進(jìn)的加熱器的覆蓋面積多達(dá)350平方英尺，而其他的加熱器的大部分熱量只集中在房屋的中心，再結(jié)合本段最終一句的內(nèi)容可推想出這種加熱器可以把熱量“均衡”地散發(fā)到房間中，故選D。]7．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.A．persuadepeopletobuytheproductB．a(chǎn)dvisepeopletosaveonheatingbillsC．reportthenewdevelopmentofportableheatersD．comparethefunctionsofdifferentheaterbrandsA[考查寫作意圖。文章先是敘述了這種加熱器的種種優(yōu)點(diǎn)，接著提到了優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)和價(jià)格折扣，再結(jié)合最終一段中的內(nèi)容可知，本文意在勸告人們購買這種產(chǎn)品。]C篇(2024·東莞市質(zhì)檢)BORDERCROSSINGSWhiletherearenorestrictionsontheamountofmoneythatyoucanbringacrosstheborder,youmustreporttoboththeUSandCanadianborderservicesamountsequaltoorgreaterthan$10,000.PERSONALEXEMPTIONS(免稅)ONPURCHASESAMERICANSRETURNINGTOTHEU．S.Lessthan48hours：U.S.$20048hoursormore：U.S.$800duty-freepersonalexemption.nextU．S.$1,000at3%Includingupto100cigarsand100cigarettes.CANADIANSRETURNINGTOCANADALessthan24hours:CAN$5048hoursormore:CAN$400Includingupto100cigarsand200cigarettes.7daysormore:CAN$750Includingupto100cigarsand200cigarettes.DOCUMENTATIONNEEDEDFORBORDERCROSSINGLANDORSEATOTHEUS(INCLUDINGFERRIES)Avalidpassportorpassportcard,oraNEXUScard.(ANEXUScardisaTrustedTravelerProgramthatprovidesquicktravelforpre-approved，lowrisktravelersthroughspeciallanes.)ArecentWashingtonState,Note:Children15yearsofageandyoungerrequireonlyabirthcertificateorcopy.(Certifiedcopiesarenotrequiredbutareadvised.)AIRTRAVELTOTHEU．S.Avalidpassport,anAirNEXUScard,oraU．S.CoastGuardMerchantMarineDocument.【語篇解讀】本文屬于廣告類短文，主要介紹了過邊疆時(shí)所要留意的諸多事項(xiàng)。8．IfaCanadianwhoisona7-daytriptoNewYorkbuysCAN$800worthofgoods,howmuchshouldhepaytaxonwhenreturninghome?A．CAN$800. B．CAN$750.C．CAN$400. D．CAN$50.D[考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文中CanadiansReturningToCanada的要求7daysormore：CAN$750Includingupto100cigarsand200cigarettes.$750CAN是免稅的，剩余的50加元的東西要交關(guān)稅。]9．ForanAmericancitizenona2-daytourofCanada,howmuchtaxdoeshehavetopayonU．S.$1,600worthofpurchaseswhenreturningtotheU．S.?A．U.S.$24. B．U.S.$48.C．U.S.$52. D．U.S.$200.A[考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文中AmericansReturningTotheUS的要求，$800US的物品可免稅，而由next$1,000USat3%可知除800以外的到1000以內(nèi)的物品需交3%的關(guān)稅，800×3%＝24。]10．Whatdocumentationshouldacouplewitha7-year-oldchildcarrywhentheydriveacarfromCanadatoAmerica?A．Adriver'slicense,anAirNEXUScard,andabirthcertificate.B．AnAirNEXUScard,aU．S.CoastGuardMerchantMarineDocumentandabirthcertificate.C.Twovalidpassportcardsandacertifiedcopyofabirthcertificate.D．ANEXUScard,aU．S.CoastGuardMerchantMarineDocument,andacertifiedcopyofabirthcertificate.C[考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)題目中theydriveacarfromCanadatoAmerica，用解除法可解除兩項(xiàng)A，B，而D錯(cuò)在acertifiedcopy。]1.mysteryn.神奇2.identityn.身份3.charmingadj.迷人的，有魅力的4.significantadj.意義重大的5.budgetn.預(yù)算6.squareadj.平方的7.concentratev.聚焦于8.bordern.邊疆9.restrictionn.限制10.certificaten.證書題材二社會(huì)文化類考查要點(diǎn)方法技巧1.人們工作、學(xué)習(xí)、社交的方式及其影響。2．社會(huì)生活中所遇到的各種機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。3．中西文化差異以及社會(huì)文化現(xiàn)象。特殊是傳承優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化。4．文化教化的發(fā)展、特點(diǎn)和功能。5．價(jià)值觀、道德觀、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的形成。1.抓住文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，理清脈絡(luò)，把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。2．定位關(guān)鍵信息詞，運(yùn)用歸納概括等方法得出文章的主題。3．明確事情的前因后果，推知文章的寓意。4．要有多元文化意識(shí)和國際視野，不能依據(jù)自己的傳統(tǒng)來理解其他地區(qū)的文化。A篇(2024·合肥市質(zhì)檢)Intoday'ssociety,languageplaysakeyroleindefininggender(性別)byvocabulary，andalsothenon-verbal(非語言的)vocabulary.Eachoneofthesedifferenttypesofwaysofcommunicatingisobviouslydifferentbetweenmenandwomen.Manydifferentstudiesshowthatmentendtotalkmuchmorethanwomen.Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen；thisisduetothefactthatwomentendtobeinterruptedmoreoftenthanmenare,andalsohavetheabilitytospeakmoreclearly，precisely，andmorequicklythanmen.Inonestudyitwasfoundthatwomenspokeforanaverageofthreeminutesdescribingapainting,asopposedtothethirteen-minuteaverageittookmentodescribeit.Menandwomenalsotendtohaveaverydifferentnon-verbalwayofcommunicating，whichcanalsomakeitveryhardforoneanothertounderstandwhattheoppositesexistryingtosay.Men'sbodylanguageismuchmorereservedwhentheyaretalkingtowomen.Mentendnottomakeasmucheyecontactandtheygenerallystayfartherawayfromwomenwhentalkingtothem.Menavoidotherpeople'sbodyspacewhiletalking，andtheyalsotendtositbackwhentalking.Allofthesehavegivenofftheimpressionofdisinterestorboredom.Womenarebyfarbetterlistenersandmuchmoreenjoyabletotalkwithandtheytendtoraisemoretopicsforconversation.Womenalsomakeitclearerwhetherornottheconversationisgoingsomewhereorjuststuckinneutral.Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother，Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating，whatfunwoulditbeifweallspokethesame“l(fā)anguage”？Thelittlegamesmenandwomenplaywitheachotherwhileconversingwouldbelost.Thequestioneveryoneaskshimselforherselfaftertalkingwithsomeoneoftheoppositesex,“Iwonderifthere'ssomethingthere？”wouldnolongerexist.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了男性和女性因性別差異而導(dǎo)致在溝通方式上也有所不同的現(xiàn)象。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?A．Thedifferencesbetweenmen'sandwomen'slanguages.B．Thedifferentspeedofmen'sandwomen'sspeech.C．Theabilityofmen'sandwomen'sspokenlanguage.D．Thenon-verbalvocabularyofmenandwomen.B[考查代詞指代。由this承接其次段中的“Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen”可推知，此處的this指代女性比男性說話快的現(xiàn)象，故選B。]2．Inwhatwaydomenandwomendifferaccordingtothethirdparagraph?A．Speedofunderstanding.B．Understandingofspeechroles.C．Politenessofcommunication.D．Applicationofbodylanguage.D[考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第三段的整體內(nèi)容，尤其是該段其次句“Men'sbodylanguageismuchmorereservedwhentheyaretalkingtowomen”可推知，本段主要講的是男性和女性在非語言表達(dá)方式上的不同，即肢體語言運(yùn)用上的差異，故選D。]3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothedifferencesbetweenmen'sandwomen'scommunication?A．Cautious. B．Favorable.C．Ambiguous. D．Skeptical.B[考查觀點(diǎn)看法。依據(jù)最終一段其次句和第三句“Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother，Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating，whatfunwoulditbeifweallspokethesame‘language’？Thelittlegamesmenandwomenplaywitheachotherwhileconversingwouldbelost”可推知，作者對(duì)男性和女性在溝通的差異性上持贊成看法，故選B。cautious“謹(jǐn)慎的”；favorable“贊成的”；ambiguous“模棱兩可的”；skeptical“懷疑的”。]4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Women，BornExcellentTalkersB．Men'sAndWomen'sSocialRolesC．VocabularyAndCommunicationD．OppositeGender，DifferentLanguageD[考查標(biāo)題推斷。依據(jù)第一段的話題導(dǎo)入，并結(jié)合全文的整體內(nèi)容可推知，本文主要講的是男性和女性因性別差異而導(dǎo)致在溝通方式上也有所不同，故選D。]B篇(2024·成都市診斷性檢測(cè))Manyyearsagoinazoo，Iwasshockedbyfindingthatchimpanzees(黑猩猩)couldbehaveinamorecivilmannerthanyouthswhileyouthscouldbehaveworsethanthem.Greatapes(類人猿)arealwaysoneofthefavouriteattractionsinanyzoo.Themainreasonforthisisthattheyaresosimilartous.ThissimilarityhaspersuadedagroupcalledtheGreatApeProject(GAP)tocampaignfortheseanimalstobeafforded“humanrights”．ThishasresultedinlegislationinNewZealand，whichcouldmeanthatgreatapeswouldbecomethefirstanimalsintheworldwithbasicrightsprotectedbythelaw.Noteverybodyishappywiththisidea，however.Scientistsusinganimalsforscientificresearchfearthatthisisjustthefirststageinaprocessthatwillleadtoabanonusingallanimalsforresearch.TheGAPdeclarationclaimsgreatapesshouldhave“humanrights”duetoscientificevidenceabouttheirabilities.Butifwecomparetheabilitiesofhumansandgreatapes，thenwhynottheabilitiesofgreatapesandmonkeys，monkeysandlemurs，andsoonuntilinsectsaregranted“humanrights”?Thisisnotfoolish.Therearepeoplewithoutfundamentalhumanrights.Howlongago，forexample，didwomennothavetherighttovote?Yetanotherargumentbythosewhodon'tsupportGAPisthatthehuman-likequalitiesofthegreatapeshavebeenexaggeratedforcertainreasons，andthatthishasledpeopletoexaggeratethesimilaritiesbutignorethedifferencesbetweenhumansandothergreatapes.Inafascinatingarticleentitled“WhatItMeanstoBe98%Chimpanzee:Apes,People,andTheirGenes”,JonathanMarkspointsoutthat，althoughahumanandadaffodil(水仙花)sharecommonancestryandtheirDNAmatchesmorethan25%ofthetime，itisplainlyridiculoustoclaimthatweareone-quarterdaffodils.Hegoesontodemonstratethat，iflookedatfromoneangle，itistruethatwearephylogenetically(動(dòng)植物演化史)apes,butalsofishfromphylogeneticallyanotherangle!“Doesn'tsoundquitesoprofoundnow，doesit？”【語篇解讀】本文主要探討了類人猿是否應(yīng)當(dāng)有人權(quán)的話題。5．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A．Theexperiencewasunforgettable.B．Chimpanzeesaresimilartohumans.C．Greatapesareverypopularinthezoo.D．Animalscouldbehavebetterthanhumans.B[考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容，尤其是最終一句“Themainreasonforthisisthattheyaresosimilartous”可推知，本段主要講的是黑猩猩和人類的相像性，故選B。]6．WhichofthefollowingwouldtheGreatApeProjectmostprobablyagreewith?A．Animalsshouldbefreefromanyscientificresearch.B．NewZealandshoulddomoretoprotecttherightsofgreatapes.C．Thedifferencesbetweenhumansandgreatapeshavebeenignored.D．Greatapeshaveadequatecharacteristicstobeincludedasourequals.D[考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段的內(nèi)容可知，由于類人猿和人類很相像，由此可以獲得類似于人的同等權(quán)利，故選D。]7．HowdoestheauthordevelophisideamainlyinParagraph5?A．Byreasoning.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bymakingacomparison.D．Byprovidingscientificevidence.A[考查推理推斷。第五段的內(nèi)容對(duì)GAP組織的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了理論上的批駁，屬于論證的方法，故選A。]8．WhatpointdoesJonathanMarkstrytomakeinhisarticle?A．Humansaremorethanone-quarterdaffodils.B．Greatapesandfisharephylogeneticallysimilar.C．Humansareassimilartofishastheyaretogreatapes.D．Being98%geneticallyidenticalmatterslessthanthought.D[考查推理推斷。依據(jù)最終兩段的內(nèi)容可知，只從生物的相像性就推斷其屬性相同是一種可笑的推斷，人與其他動(dòng)植物的最大差異還是在于其思想性，故選D。]1.obviouslyadv.明顯；自不待言2.interruptv.干擾3.preciselyadv.精確地4.describev.描述5.stuckv.卡住，陷入6.civiladj.文明的，有教養(yǎng)的7.campaignv.發(fā)起……活動(dòng)8.fundamentaladj.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的9.ignorev.忽視10.ridiculousadj.荒謬的，可笑的題材三人物故事類考查要點(diǎn)方法技巧1.故事的背景、經(jīng)過和結(jié)局。2．人物的特征、主要經(jīng)驗(yàn)和功績。3．情節(jié)、人物或事務(wù)之間的關(guān)系。4．故事的前因和后果。5．作者的意圖和看法。1.理清敘事的依次，是順敘、倒敘還是插敘。2．把握事務(wù)發(fā)生的時(shí)間、空間及依次。3．理清事情發(fā)生的背景、起因、過程及結(jié)果。4．感悟人物的情感和心理活動(dòng)。5．領(lǐng)悟故事細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)與主題的關(guān)系。A篇(2024·福建省質(zhì)檢)Whenwasthelasttimeyoutoldsomeoneheinspiredyoutogotoworkeachmorning?TeachersatOakParkHighSchoolinKansasCity，Missouri,didjustthatthisSeptember,whentheypulledindividualstudentsoutofclassestotellthemjusthowmuchtheyappreciatedthem.Thestudents'reactions，whichwerecaptured(捕獲)onvideoandsharedonYouTube,anowviralvideowebsite，rangedfromshythankstohugsandtears.“Ihavebeenchallengedtofindastudentwhomakesmewanttocometoschooleveryday，”saidoneteacherinthevideo，“andthat'syou.”JamieMcSparin,ateacherinchargeoftheschool'sacademyprogramforat-risksophomores(二年級(jí)學(xué)生)andjuniors，posedthechallenge，writesABCNews.“Initiallywhenwepulledthekidsout，theyallthoughttheywereintrouble，”McSparintoldABCNews.“Anyteacher-studentinteractionalwaysseemstobenegative(消極的)，andthatwassomethingthatbotheredmetoo.Whetherthey'regoodkidsortroublemakersoranything，theyalwaysthoughttheywereintrouble，”shesaid.McSparinsaidshegottheideafortheprojectafterattendingaprofessionaldevelopmentworkshopthissummercalled“thepowerofpositivity”．“Iliketheideaoflettingstudentsknowtheyareappreciated，because，wedoappreciatethem.Ijustdon'tthinkwesayitenough，”shetoldlocalnewsoutletWDAF-TV.It'ssafetosaythechallengewaseffective.“Ifeelspecial，”saidoneoftheboysinthevideo.“Youshould，”saidhisteacher.“Youarespecial.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講解并描述了美國一所高中的老師發(fā)起一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)，將學(xué)生單獨(dú)拉到教室外，向他們表達(dá)感謝之情的故事。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“posed”inParagraph5mean?A．Presented. B．Rejected.C．Ignored. D．Evaluated.A[考查詞義揣測(cè)。依據(jù)文章第五段和第六段可知，OakParkHighSchool的老師JamieMcSparin發(fā)起了這項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)，并參與其中。present意為“提出”，符合語境。]2．Howdidthestudentsprobablyfeelwhenpulledoutoftheclassroomatfirst?A．Nervous. B．Thrilled.C．Curious. D．Encouraged.A[考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第六段第一句中的“Initiallywhenwepulledthekidsout，theyallthoughttheywereintrouble”可知，最初把孩子們拉出來時(shí)，他們都認(rèn)為他們有麻煩了。因此可推斷出起初當(dāng)學(xué)生們被拉到教室外時(shí)他們感到很驚慌，故本題選A。B項(xiàng)意為“興奮的，興奮的”；C項(xiàng)意為“新奇的”；D項(xiàng)意為“受到鼓舞的”。]3．WhatinspiredMcSparintochallengetheproject?A．Thetroublecausedbystudents.B．Theneedofshootingthevideo.C．Aseminarnamed“thepowerofpositivity”．D．Aprogramrelatedtostudents'interactions.C[考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第七段“McSparinsaidshegottheideafortheprojectafterattendingaprofessionaldevelopmentworkshopthissummercalled‘thepowerofpositivity’”可知，McSparin說她是在今年夏天參與了一個(gè)叫作“主動(dòng)的力氣”的專業(yè)發(fā)展研討會(huì)之后才有了這個(gè)想法的，故選C。C項(xiàng)中的seminar與原文中的workshop是同義詞，意思是“研討會(huì)”；named與原文中的called是同義詞，此處屬于同義轉(zhuǎn)化現(xiàn)象。]4．Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?A．Challengeisunavoidableinlife.B．Everyoneneedstobeappreciated.C．Positivityoutweighsnegativity.D．Newsmediacontributetostudents'progress.B[考查主旨大意。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，老師將學(xué)生拉出教室，向他們表達(dá)感謝之情，是因?yàn)椤懊總€(gè)人都須要被感謝”。故選B。]B篇(2024·昆明市質(zhì)檢)MedhaGuptasometimesfeltworriedaboutmakingthe20-minutewalkfromthecornerwheretheschoolbusdroppedherofftoherhomeinHerndon，Va.—especiallyduringthecoldermonthsinwinter.Hermother，DivyaGuptahadasuggestion:writeanapp.Shewashalf-kidding，butMedhatookthechallengeseriously.Soshewenttowork.TheresultwasSafeTravel，anappdesignedbyMedhatohelpwalkersfeelmoresecurewhentheyaretravellingalone.UsingtheiPhone，apersoncanprogramittosendawarningtosomeoneheorshetrustsifheorshefailstoarriveatadestinationwithinacertaintime.ItwasthefirstiOSappthatMedhahadcreated.Whileshedidn'tthinkmuchaboutwhatwouldcomefromtheproject，hereffortcaughttheeyeofjudgesfortheannualCongressionalAppChallenge，whoselectedherasthewinnerforVirginia's10thDistrict.TheAppChallengeisdesignedtoencouragestudentstoconsidercareersinscience，technology，engineering，andmathbyexperimentingwithcodingandcomputerscience.WinningstudentsareinvitedtoattendareceptiononCapitolHillinAprilandalsoreceived$250inAmazonWebServicescredits.Medhasaidittookherabout40hourstodesign，programandtesttheapp.Asforhernextapp?Medha'snotcertain.Shetemporarilyhasherapp-developmentambitionsonholdbecauseshe'sbusyteachingherselfartificialintelligencetohelpdealwithimproperwordsonFacebook.Yes，sheknowsthatthereareteamsofengineersprobablydoingthesamething.Butshefiguresitcan'thurtherownpart，too.“Ifweseesomethingwrongwiththeworld，weshoulddosomethingaboutit，”shesaid.“Afterall，theonlyonestoppingusfromdoingsomethingisourselves.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講解并描述了MedhaGupta設(shè)計(jì)一款手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序的故事。5．WhydidMedhaGuptafeelworried?A．Ittookalongtimetowalkhome.B．Itwascolderthaneverinwinter.C．Itwasunsafetowalkhomealone.D．Itwasdifficulttowriteanapp.C[考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)首段的描述，以及第三段首句“TheresultwasSafeTravel，anappdesignedbyMedhatohelpwalkersfeelmoresecurewhentheyaretravellingalone”可知，Medha有時(shí)擔(dān)憂自己放學(xué)回家時(shí)的平安，由此她設(shè)計(jì)了應(yīng)用程序SafeTravel，它可以使出行者獨(dú)自出行時(shí)感覺更平安，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onhold”inParagraph6mean?A．Delayed. B．Developed.C．Suspected. D．Satisfied.A[考查詞義揣測(cè)。依據(jù)畫線詞后的“...becauseshe'sbusyteachingherselfartificialintelligencetohelpdealwithimproperwordsonFacebook”(因?yàn)樗诿χ詫W(xué)人工智能技術(shù)，以幫助處理Facebook上的不當(dāng)言論)，同時(shí)結(jié)合畫線詞前一句“Medha'snotcertain”可推斷出她短暫把應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)的目標(biāo)推遲了。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。]7．WhatisMedha'sattitudetothechallenge?A．Curious. B．Sensitive.C．Uncertain. D．Optimistic.D[考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段中的“Shewashalf-kidding，butMedhatookthechallengeseriously.Soshewenttowork”可知，Medha仔細(xì)地對(duì)待這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，并起先設(shè)計(jì)。這表明白她面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的樂觀看法。]8．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．MedharegisteredfortheAppChallenge.B．MedhadesignedSafeTravelsuccessfully.C．TheAppChallengedirectsstudentshowtochoosecareers.D．Anappguideswalkershome.B[考查主旨大意。選項(xiàng)B的表述“MedhadesignedSafeTravelsuccessfully”能很好地概括文章主旨，文章是圍繞Medha設(shè)計(jì)手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序SafeTravel綻開的，講解并描述了她設(shè)計(jì)這一應(yīng)用程序的過程和由此獲得的成就。]1.inspirev.鼓舞，激勵(lì)2.rangev.在……范圍內(nèi)變更3.challengev.挑戰(zhàn)4.interactionn.互動(dòng)5.initiallyadv.起初，最初6.secureadj.平安的7.temporarilyadv.短暫8.artificialadj.人工的9.improperadj.不適合的10.figurev.估計(jì)；想象題材四科普學(xué)問類考查要點(diǎn)方法技巧1.科學(xué)現(xiàn)象、概念、定義、類別等。2．事物的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、原理、用途等。3．事物或現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的緣由、過程、演化。4．相像事物間的異同。1.理清說明依次：時(shí)間、空間、邏輯依次。2．把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)：并列式、承接式、遞進(jìn)式、總分式。3．認(rèn)清說明方法：下定義、舉事例、作比較、打比方等。A篇(2024·德州市模擬)ManyAmericansthinkofdriverlesscarsasafuturistictechnologythatwillrevolutionizetravelincitiesandalongstatehighways.ButrecentexperimentsareprovingthatautonomousvehiclesalsohavethepotentialtoimprovethequalityoflifeformillionsofAmericansunderservedbytraditionalmodesoftransportation，suchastheelderlyanddisabled，solongaslawmakersmakesmartpoliciesthatpavethewayforinnovation.AretirementcommunityinSanJose，Calif.，whichhasbeentransformedbyasmallfleetofdriverlesstaxis，showsthepotentialofself-drivingcarstotransformpeople'slives.Builtbyatechstart-upcalledVoyage，themodifiedFordFusionsarecurrentlylimitedtoatwo-mileroad，butresidentsarealreadyhavingthebenefitsoftheseautonomousvehicles，whichallowthemtoparticipateinsocialactivitiestheywouldotherwisebeunabletoenjoysimplybecausetheycouldnotgettothem.Whenthetrialrunfinallyexpandsto15milesofroad，theseresidents—whoseaverageageis76—willalsohaveaconvenientandreliablenewwaytoappointments.Asthesecarscontinuetoserveresidentsthere，itiseasytounderstandwhyCaliforniaismovingtosimplifyregulationsfortheindustry.InMichigan，forward-thinkingpolicieshavethepotentialtounlockotherhiddenbenefitsofautonomousvehicles，especiallyforthosewithphysicaldisabilities.TheMichiganDisabilityRightsCoalitionhasstronglyadvocatedforthedevelopmentofthistechnology，sayingthatitcouldgivepeoplewithdisabilitiesgreateropportunitiesintheworkforceandenablethemtoleadmorefulfilling，independentlives.Manyrecognizethatautonomousvehicleswillbethefutureoftransportation，butitistoooftenoverlookedthatthisfuturecannotarrivefastenoughformillionsofAmericanswhoareforcedtodependonothersforday-to-daytravel.ThepolicymakersshouldfollowtheleadofplaceslikeCaliforniaandMichigan，andpassrulesandregulationstounlockthesehiddenbenefitsofdriverlesscars.【語篇解讀】文章介紹了美國人運(yùn)用自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的現(xiàn)狀，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車給人們帶來的便利及今后應(yīng)當(dāng)留意的問題。1．What'stheattitudeofmostAmericanpeopletothefutureofautonomousvehicles?A．Uncertain. B．Doubtful.C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.D[考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第四段“...itcouldgivepeoplewithdisabilitiesgreateropportunitiesintheworkforceandenablethemtoleadmorefulfilling，independentlives.”和最終一段“Manyrecognizethatautonomousvehicleswillbethefutureoftransportation...”可知，很多人意識(shí)到了自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的好處，并認(rèn)為自動(dòng)駕駛汽車將是將來的交通工具。由此可推斷多數(shù)美國人對(duì)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的將來是樂觀的看法，故選D項(xiàng)。]2．WhatisthemodifiedFordFusion?A．Thecollectionofsocialactivities.B．Thenameofaretirementcommunity.C．Akindofautonomousvehicle.D．Atwo-mileroadforself-drivingcars.C[考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段“Builtbyatechstart-upcalledVoyage，themodifiedFordFusionsarecurrentlylimitedtoatwo-mileroad，butresidentsarealreadyhavingthebenefitsoftheseautonomousvehicles”可知，themodifiedFordFusions，是一種自動(dòng)駕駛汽車，故選C項(xiàng)。]3．Examplesaregiveninthethirdandforthparagraphstoprove.A．whatarepreventingthedevelopmentofthetechnologyB．whydriverlesscarsarerestrictedinmanystatesinAmericaC．howdriverlesstechnologybenefitstheagedanddisabledD．whendriverlesscarscanenterpeople'slifeeventuallyC[考查推理推斷。第三段“...theseresidents—whoseaverageageis76—willalsohaveaconvenientandreliablenewwaytoappointments.”說明白自動(dòng)駕駛汽車給老年人帶來的便利，第四段“...forward-thinkingpolicieshavethepotentialtounlockotherhiddenbenefitsofautonomousvehicles，especiallyforthosewithphysicaldisabilities.”說明白自動(dòng)駕駛汽車給殘疾人帶來的便利。所以這些例子是在說明自動(dòng)駕駛汽車給老年人和殘疾人帶來的便利，故選C項(xiàng)。]4．Whatdoestheauthorattempttoinformusinthelastparagraph?A．Theconceptofautonomousvehicleshasbeenwidelyrecognized.B．Theweakgroupsareoftenoverlookeddespitetechnologyadvances.C．Thebenefitsofdriverlesscarshavebeenfullyunlocked.D．Regulationsshouldgohandinhandwithdriverlesstechnology.D[考查推理推斷。依據(jù)最終一段“ThepolicymakersshouldfollowtheleadofplaceslikeCaliforniaandMichigan，andpassrulesandregulationstounlockthesehiddenbenefitsofdriverlesscars.”可知作者想告知我們政策制定者應(yīng)當(dāng)通過規(guī)章制度來釋放無人駕駛汽車的潛在好處，故選D項(xiàng)。]B篇(2024·廣西三市聯(lián)合模擬)Bytryingtotickle(使發(fā)癢)ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpeiIshiyamaandhisadviserarediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans，giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh，weretheonlyticklishanimals.ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichaelBrechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsofjoychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime，theydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.Thesenervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesaratbeingtickl