2/2Unit8ReadingClub2名師教學設計課時內容：TheEnvironment:ALocalandGlobalIssue主題語境：人與自然主題群：環境保護子主題：人與環境語篇類型：說明文文本分析：[What]本文主要介紹了地球環境面臨的三大問題：空氣污染、全球變暖、垃圾山。[How]通過閱讀文本，進一步激發學生對踐行綠色生活的意義和價值進行深入的思考。[Why]本文是說明文，主題是環境問題，呼吁人們從現在做起，保護環境。課時目標：1.獲取與梳理地球環境三大問題（空氣污染、全球變暖、垃圾山）的起因、結果和解決方法。2.探討作者的觀點，理性表達自己對環境污染的看法。3.了解環境的危害，樹立環保意識，踐行綠色生活。重點難點：重點：獲取與梳理地球環境三大問題的相關信息，探討其與主題意義的關聯。難點：了解環境問題的危害，理性表達自己對環境污染和環境保護的看法，樹立環保意識。教學準備：教師準備：環境污染的相關信息學生準備：1.預習本課詞匯。2.了解環境污染的危害。教學過程：StepI學習理解活動一：感知與注意1.Beforediscussion,write“Airpollution”“GlobalWarming”“OverflowingLandfills”ontheblackboard,anddividetheclassintothreegroups,eachofwhichchoosesonetopic.2.Askeachgrouptotalkaboutthechosentopic,andfinditscauses,effectsandsolutions.3.Inviteonerepresentativeofeachgrouptovoicetheiropinions.4.Encouragestudentstothinkaboutsomeotherenvironmentalproblems,andwritethemontheblackboard.5.Letstudentslookatthefollowingpicturescarefullyandpredictwhatwillbetalkaboutinthetexts.【設計意圖】通過討論三個環境問題的起因、結果和解決方法以及觀察圖片，預測文本內容，激發學生的學習興趣，激活學生已有的背景知識，引導學生思考其他環境問題，有助于學生初步了解本課主題，為閱讀環節的學習做鋪墊。活動二：獲取與梳理1.Explanation.Explainsomedifficultkeywordsrelatedtothetexts.fossilfuel:afuelsuchascoaloroilthatisformedbyeverygradualdecayingofanimalsorplantsovermillionsofyearspollutant:asubstancethatmakesair,water,soil,etc.dangerouslydirty,andiscausedbycars,factories,etc.capacity:thenumberofthingsorpeoplethatacontainerorspacecanholdexponentially:thewaysomethinggrowsfasterandfaster2.Askstudentstoreadthetextsandanswerthequestions.Whatarethecausesandeffectsofairpollution?Whatisglobalwarmingandhowdoesitaffectourplanet?Whatarelandfillsandwhyaretheybecomingaseriousproblem?Whatarethepossiblesolutionstotheseenvironmentalproblems?3.Sharetheanswersasaclass.Suggestedanswers:Thecausesofairpollutionare:theburningoffossilfuels,constructionandtheburningofwaste.Theeffectsofairpollutionare:serioushealthproblemsanddeaths.Globalwarmingistheincreaseinthetemperatureoftheearth’snear-surfaceairandoceans.Itaffectsourplanetinmanyways:sealevelsarerisingduetothemeltingofpolaricesheetsandcountriesaroundtheworldhavefacedextremeweatherconditions,suchashurricanes,floodsandheatwaves.Landfillsarebigspacesoflandusedforwastedisposal.Theyarebecomingaseriousproblembecauselandfillsarenowreachingfullcapacityandthereforetheamountofdangerouschemicalsinthewasteenteringourwatersupplyincreased.Somepossiblesolutionstotheseenvironmentalproblemsare:usingpublictransportinsteadofdriving,recyclingyourwasteandreducingtheamountofwasteyouproduce.【設計意圖】通過閱讀和回答問題，獲取目前全球環境三大問題的相關信息（空氣污染的起因、結果和解決方法，全球變暖的定義、起因和影響，垃圾山的定義、影響及解決問題的關鍵），建立信息之間的聯系。活動三：概括與整合1.Sharefeelingsofreading.Askstudentstosharetheirfeelingsofreadingbyansweringthefollowingquestion.Haveyoufoundanythingyoufeelsorry,worriedorshocked?2.Writeasummary.Askstudentstowriteasummaryinlessthan80words.【設計意圖】通過讓學生分享讀后感及寫概要，啟發學生與文本互動，促進學生對環境污染問題的深入理解。StepⅡ應用實踐活動四：分析與判斷1.Askstudentstoreadaloudandfindthefiguresusedinthetexts.Suggestedanswers:…2.4millionpeopledieannually…Overthepast100years,averagetemperaturesaroundtheworldhaverisenbybetween0.5℃and1℃.Scientistspredictthattemperatureswillrisebyafurther1℃to3.5℃duringthe21stcentury.…and1,000km/hwindsinNovember2016.Over200mmofrainfellin…In2005,forinstance,landfillsinShanghaicontainedalittleover6.2milliontonnesofwaste,buttheynowcontain7.9milliontonnes—anincreaseofnearly30%.InHongKong,itispredictedthatthethreeexistinglandfillswillbefullwithinthenextdecade.…send“zerowastetolandfill”by2020.2.Askstudentstosharetheiranswerswiththeclass.3.Explorethefunctionofthefigures.【設計意圖】作者運用這些數據準確地說明空氣污染、全球變暖、垃圾山的危害，使表達更具有說服力。活動五：描述與闡釋Askstudentstoretellthetexts.【設計意圖】在學習理解類活動的基礎上，教師引導學生圍繞主題，復述地球環境三大問題（空氣污染、環球變暖、垃圾山）的起因、結果和解決方法，逐漸實現對語言知識和文化知識的內化，促進語言運用的自動化，助力學生將知識轉化為能力。StepⅢ遷移創新活動六：想象與創造1.Criticalthinking.(1)Encouragestudentstodiscussthequestionsbelow.WhatdoyouthinkofthefourthR—Responsibility?Doyouthinkit’smoreimportantthantheotherthreeRs(Reduce，ReuseandRecycle)?Why?(2)Letstudentsdiscusstheirideasinsmallgroups.(3)Instructeachgrouptovoicetheiropinions.2.Searchformoreinformation.(1)Encouragestudentstosearchformoreenvironmentalproblemssuchasdeforestation，overpopulation，theextinctionofcertainanimalspecies,andsoon.(2)Askstudentstowriteanarticleaboutthechosenenviromentalproblemandshareinclass.Suggestedanswer:DeforestationDeforestationhasledtothelossof46%oftheworld’strees.Peoplecutdown15billiontreeseveryyearForestscover31%oftheworldslandarea.FactsIntheUnitedStates,30%ofpreviously-forestedareasarealreadygone.Mostofitoccurredduringloggingboomthatstartedin1880.By1920,morethantwo-thirdsofU.S.forestshadbeenleveledatleastonce.IntheEast,99%ofold-growthforestshaveeitherbeenclearedforfarmingorhousingorreplacedbysecond-growthforests.IntheMidwest,oaksavannashavebeenreducedtosmallareassurroundedbycornfields.InthePacificNorthwest,diverse,ancientforestshavebeenreplacedwithamonocultureofyoungtreesregularlyharvested.CausesDeforestationhasfourcauses.Themostcriticalisagriculture.Indevelopingcountries,smallfarmersuseslashandburnagriculture.Theycutdowntreesandthenburnthem.Thesecondbiggestcauseisloggingoperations.Illegalloggingisresponsibleforbetween15%and30%ofallwoodtradedglobally.It’sestimatedtobeworthbetween$30billionand$100billionannually.Developmentisthethirdcauseofdeforestation.IntheUnitedStates,33%ofallhousesarenearaforest.Thefourthcauseiswildfires.Since1970,wildfiresinthewesternUnitedStateshaveincreasedby400%.Theyhaveburntsixandahalftimesthelandareaasbefore.In2019,U.S.wildfiresburnt4.7millionacresofforests.RecentwildfireintensityandfrequencyinAlaskaareworsenowthaninthepast10,000years.EffectsDeforestationcostsbetween$2trillionand$4.5oneachyearthroughthelossofbiodiversity.Forexample,halfofallpharmaceuticalscomesfromgeneticresources.Deforestationhaseliminatedhabitatformillionsofspecies.Infact,80%oftheEarth'slandanimalsandplantsliveinforests.Long-term,itworsensclimatechange.Thetreecanopykeepstheforestsoilsmoistandmoreresistanttowildfires,droughts,andsubsequentfloods.Thecanopyalsoblocksthesun’sraysduringthedayandholdsheatatnight.Withoutit,theenvironmentgetshotterduringtheday.Treesperpetuatethewatercycle.Theyreturnwatervapourtotheatmosphereandhelpincreaserainfall.Treesalsoabsorbcarbondioxide,oneofthegreenhousegasesthatcauseglobalwarming.SolutionsTheUnitedNations’ReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandForestDegradationprogrammehasfunneled$117millionintodeforestationreductionin44developingcountries.Itrewardspeopleforkeepingforestsalongwithcoffeegrowingandmeatandmilkproduction.Usingthisprogramme,Brazilhassloweddeforestationby40%since2008.Itsgoalistoachievean80%reductionby2020.OnApril4,2018,theColombianSupremeCourtruledthatthegovernmentmustcreateaplantocombatdeforestati