普通法學generaljurisprudence強制辦法coercivemethod強制規定mandatoryprovisions強制性法規mandatoryruleoflaw強制性條款mandatoryterm侵犯財產權propertytorts侵權行為法tortlaw侵權責任tortiousliability清理法規checkuplawsandregulations區域性法律體系regionalsystemoflaws取證obtainevidence確權之訴affirmativepetitoryaction;causeforownershipaffirmation確認之訴actionforconfirmation;actioconfessoria權威解釋authenticinterpretation人法humanlaw,statutepersonalia人格減等capitisdeminutio人身不可侵犯inviolabilityoftheperson人身非財產關系personalnon-propertyrelations人身關系personalrelation任意解釋arbitraryinterpretation《日耳曼法》Germaniclaw柔性憲法flexibleconstitution三權分立separationofpowers善意推定presumptionofgoodfaith商法commerciallaw商法典codeofcommerce社會法學sociologicaljurisprudence社會關系socialrelations社會規范socialregulation社會連帶主義法學socialsolidarismjurisprudence社會契約論theoryofsocialcontract社會團體：socialorganization社會主義法學socialistjurisprudence社會主義法制socialistlegalsystem;socialistruleoflaw神法divinelaw神權說theoryofdivineright審查制度censorship;inspectionsystem審計監督supervisethroughauditing審計監督權powertosupervisethroughauditing生效條款operativeclause失效法律expiredlaws失效日expirydate施行細則implementaryprovisions實證主義法學派thepositivistschool《十二表法》TwelveTables實體法materiallaw;substantiallaw實體法上的抗辯substantialdefense實體權利substantiveright實用主義法學judicialpragmaticism實在法positivelaw實在法學positivejurisprudence實在法學派positivist實在主義法學positivistjurisprudence實證法學positivejurisprudence實質條款materialstipulation實質性的瑕疵defectofsubstance實質性解釋materialinterpretation事實的推定presumptionoffact事業單位：institution適用法律referencetothelaw;applicablelaw適用范圍areaofapplication;sphereofapplication適用中國法律：begovernedbythelawofPRC(ThelawofPRCshallapplyto)溯及既往原則doctrineofretroactivity溯及力retrospect;retrospectiveeffect損害賠償damages梭倫Solon彈性憲法elasticconstitution特別程序specialprocedure特別但書specialproviso特別法speciallaw特殊主體specialsubject提案motion;overture;proposal提出抗辯raiseaplea;raiseaplead條約法lawoftreaties同態復仇retaliation推定合法presumptionoflegality停止生效ceasetohaveeffect外國法foreignlaw外國法制史foreignlegalhistory外國人待遇foreignertreatment完全民事權利能力：fullcapacityforcivilconduct完全喪失行為能力的人personentirelyincapableoflegaltransaction完全無行為能力absolutedisability萬民法jusgentium違法構成要件essentialconditionofdelict違憲violationofconstitution烏爾比安Ulpianus無國籍人：statelesspersons無條件解釋unconditionalinterpretation無效的法律voidlaw無效法律行為voidact;actwithoutlegaleffect物權property西塞羅MarcusTulliusCicero習慣法customlaw細則detailedrulesandregulations;detailsby-laws狹義解釋narrowdefinition下文另有規定者除外exceptashereinafterprovided先決條件precedentcondition;prerequisite現實主義法學realismjurisprudence現行法律currentlaw;existinglaw限制解釋restrictiveinterpretation憲法的解釋interpretationofconstitution憲法修正案constitutionamendment憲法學constitutionaljurisprudence相對主義法學relativistjurisprudence新分析法學newanalyticaljurisprudence新律NewLaw,Novellae行為規范codeofconduct學說編纂thePandekta形式主義法學formalistjurisprudence亞里士多德Aristotle嚴格解釋strictinterpretation嚴重不法行為aggravatedmisconduct;grossmisbehavior嚴重違法breakthelawonaseriousscale要件importantcondition;essentialcondition一般客體generalobject一般權利能力generallegalcapacity一般主體generalsubject一事不再理的保證guaranteeagainstdoublejeorpardy依法辦案handlecasesaccordingtolaw依法獨立行使職權independentexerciseofpowerswithintheframeworkofthelaw依照法律的規定asprescribedbylaw以法律為準繩takelawasthecriterion依法治國genuineruleoflaw;runningthecountryaccordingtolaw義務性規范obligatoryrule義務主體subjectofduty英美法系Anglo-AmericanLegalSystem永恒法eternallaw優士丁尼法典theCodexJustinianus優士丁尼皇帝Justinian《優士丁尼民法大全》（《國法大全》）CorpusJurisCivilis有法必依ensurethatlawsareobserved有法律約束力legallybinding有條件解釋conditionalinterpretation有效期間timeofeffect;termofvalidity與法律規定不符againsttheformsofthestatute與法律相抵觸的行為actgoingagainstthelaw域外效力extraterritorialeffect援引法律條文invokealegalprovision（古羅馬的）元老院theSenate約束力binding;bindingeffect在法律的范圍內withinthelaw暫行條例interimregulations;provisionalregulation整體法學integrativejurisprudence正當權益justifiedrights;legitimateinterests正式解釋officialinterpretation正式淵源formalsource政法學院instituteofpoliticalscienceandlaw知法犯法deliberatelybreakthelaw執法必嚴ensurethatlaw’enforcementbestrict執法人員lawenforcementofficials執行權enforcementpower直接故意actualintent;directintent直接后果immediateconsequence直接客體directobject直接主體directsubject制定法statute制憲權constituentpower治外法權extraterritoriality;extraterritorialjurisdiction中端時效interrupttherunningofthestatuteoflimitation中國大陸的法律lawofChina’mainland中國法制Chineselegalsystem中國法制史Chineselegalhistory中國特色的社會主義法制socialistlegalsystemwithChinesecharacter中華法系Chineselegalsystem主要法律體系p