必修第3冊Unit5Whatanadventure!目標導航目標導航重點詞匯1．thusadv.2．zonen．3．oxygenn．4．bordern．5．confirmv．6．attemptn．7．portn．8．alcoholn．9．rubbern．10．guidelinen．11．clothn．12．liquidn．13．servantn．14．chargen．15．captainn．16．aheadadv.17．chaptern．18．nutn．19．distinguishv．20．shoren．21．carpetn．22．broadadj.23．beneathprep.24．residentn．25．malen．26．sheeradj.27．psychologistn．28．bandagen．29．cottonn．30．stretchv．31．leaguen．32．helmetn．33．rayn．34．intensityn．詞匯拓展1．initialadj.開始的，最初的→adv.最初2．crowdn．人群→adj.擁擠的3．failuren．失敗→v．失敗4．thrilln．驚險，刺激v．使興奮→adj.非常興奮的→adj.令人激動的5．unawareadj.未覺察到的，未意識到的→adj.意識到的；明白的6．wooln．羊毛，毛織物→adj.羊毛的7．bleedingn．流血，失血→v．流血→n．血8．injuryn．損傷；傷害→vt.傷害→adj.受傷的9．permitv．允許，準許，許可→n．允許，許可10．fascinatedadj.被迷住的，被吸引住的→v．深深吸引；迷住11．relatev．相聯系，有關聯；講述→adj.有關的12．astonishv．使吃驚，使驚訝→adj.驚訝的→adj.令人驚訝的→n．吃驚，驚訝13．consumev．消耗→n．消費；消耗14．graduallyadv.逐漸地，逐步地→adj.逐漸的15．surroundv．環繞，圍繞→adj.周圍的16．wrinkledadj.有皺褶的→n．皺紋v．皺起17．depthn．深，深度→adj.深的adv.在深處，至深處重點詞組1．使……成為焦點2．尋找3．到……末為止4．集中注意力于……5．弄明白；計算6．導致7．把……稱作……8．冒險9．由……決定10．和……一起11．主管；掌管12．回顧13．在大白天重點句型VascodaGama(1460－1524)wasaPortugueseexplorerandbysea.瓦斯科·達·伽馬(1460－1524)是一名葡萄牙探險家，也是第一個從海上到達印度的歐洲人。2．，coveritwithabandage.一旦傷口被清理干凈且變干，用繃帶包上。3．CaptainNemowalkedinfront，.尼摩船長走在前面，他的一個手下在后面幾步處跟著。4．thecalmsurfaceofthesea.在我上面是平靜的海面。知識精講知識精講1thusadv.因此，從而(教材P49)ChristopherColumbus(1451－1506)wasanItalianexplorerwhocompletedjourneysbetweenSpainandtheAmericas，thusmarkingthebeginningofEuropeanexplorationoftheAmericas.克里斯托弗·哥倫布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探險家，他完成了西班牙和美洲之間的旅程，從而標志著歐洲探索美洲的開始。Theuniversitieshaveexpanded，allowingmanymorepeoplethechanceofhighereducation.大學擴招了，這樣就使更多人能有機會接受高等教育。Wedonotownthebuilding.，itwouldbeimpossibleforustomakeanymajorchangestoit.我們不是這棟樓房的房主，因此不能對它進行大改動。[知識拓展]thereforeadv. soconj. asaresult 2confirmv．證實，證明(教材P50)ThefirstpeopleconfirmedtohavereachedthetopwereEdmundHillaryandTenzingNorgayin1953.第一批被證實登上頂峰的人是1953年的埃德蒙·希拉里和丹增·諾蓋。Thenewsofholidaywaslaterbyourheadteacher.放假的消息，后來從班主任那里得到了證實。Hisguiltyexpressionmydoubt.他內疚的表情證實了我的猜疑。[知識拓展]confirmationn． confirmedadj. confirmtohavedonesth. 3(be)similarto與……相似(教材P51)In2011，wordssimilartothoseofMallorywerespokenbyAmericanmountainclimberAlanArnette，whoclimbedQomolangmainthatyearandwasgoingtoclimbotherhighmountainsaroundtheworld.2011年，美國登山者艾倫·阿內特說出了于馬洛所言類似的話。艾倫當年攀登了珠穆朗瑪峰，并打算登上世界各地其他的高山。Thiswaitingforabusthatneverturnsup.這就跟等一輛永遠也不來的公交車差不多。Shehasadictionarymine.她有一本和我的類似的詞典。[知識拓展]besimilarin similarlyadv. similarityn. 4ofocus使……成為焦點(教材P51)Itbringsintofocuswhat'simportanttoyou.登山會讓你把注意力集中在對你來說重要的事情上。Thiswillbroadenyourhorizonsandnewideasandopportunitiesintofocus.這會開闊你的視野，為你關注的事物帶來新的想法與機會。Recently，theissueofhealthhasbeen.最近健康問題成為人們關注的焦點。[知識拓展]focusn． v. focussth.on focusone'sattention/mind/energyon 5figureout弄明白(教材P51)Itforcesyoutolookdeepinsideyourselfandfigureoutifyoureallyhavethephysical，aswellasmental，toughnesstopushwhenyouwanttostop.它會迫使你深入觀察自己的內心，弄清楚自己的身體和心理是否真的堅韌不拔，在你想要停下的時候推動你繼續向前。Ican'twhatheistalkingabout.我真搞不懂他在講什么。Noonecouldwherethegascamefrominhismagic.沒人能搞懂他魔術中的氣體來自哪里。[知識拓展]figuren． v. keepone'sfigure figureon figurethat 6attemptvt.企圖，嘗試n.努力，嘗試(教材P51)WiththemajorityofattemptstoclimbQomolangmaresultingeitherintotalsuccessorfailure，istherealsoascientificreasonbehindthisrisk-taking?大部分攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的嘗試都以大獲全勝或徹底失敗結束，那么，在這樣的冒險背后是否也存在什么科學的原因呢？Inanattractmorecustomers，theytookavarietyofmeasures.為了吸引更多顧客，他們采取了各種措施。Theboysmadeantoleaveforcampingbutwerestoppedbytheirparents.男孩們想去野營，但被他們的父母攔住了。[知識拓展]attemptatdoingsth./todosth. makeanattemptatdoing/todosth. atone's/thefirstattempt 7(教材P51)Hereferstothepersonalitiesofthesepeopleas“TypeT”，withthe“T”standingfor“thrill”．他稱這些人的人格為“T型”，“T”代表“thrill(刺激)”。(1)referto...as把……稱之為WewhatarespeakingHan.我們把我們正在說的稱為“漢語”。Peoplewhoworkinofficesareusually“whitecollarworkers”．那些在辦公室工作的人被稱為“白領工人”。[知識拓展]refertosb. refertosth. (2)standfor代表；主張It'swellknownthattheolivebranchpeace.眾所周知，橄欖枝代表和平。WeChinesepeaceandwishtosettlealldisputesbypeacefulmeans.我們中國人民是主張和平的，希望用和平方式解決爭端。[知識拓展]standby standout standup can'tstandsth./doingsth. 8Itis＋過去分詞＋從句(教材P51)ItisstillnotknownifhesucceededinreachingthetopofQomolangmabeforeittookhislife.目前尚不清楚他是否在遇難前成功登頂珠穆朗瑪峰。句式分析：本句的結構分析如下：we'llgoforanautumnouting.我們是否要去秋游還沒定下來。wearewronginthematter.在這件事上我們是否錯了還有待觀察。[知識拓展](1)if引導的主語從句不能位于句首，只能位于句末，前面需用it作形式主語。if在從句中不充當句子成分，僅起連接作用，意為“是否”。(2)whether引導主語從句時，可以置于句首，也可放于句末。whether在從句中不充當句子成分，僅起連接作用，意為“是否”。9either...or...要么……要么……(教材P51)WiththemajorityofattemptstoclimbQomolangmaresultingeitherintotalsuccessorfailure，istherealsoascientificreasonbehindthisrisk-taking?大部分攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的嘗試都以大獲全勝或徹底失敗結束，那么，在這樣的冒險背后是否也存在什么科學的原因呢？句式分析：本句中either...or...是連接詞，意為“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。在這里連接兩個賓語。I'mgoingtomajormathsbiologyinuniversity，asbotharemyfavoritesubjects.在大學里我打算要么學數學，要么學生物，因為這兩個都是我最喜歡的科目。Yougostay.Don'tjustwanderheredoingnothing.你要么走，要么留。不要在這兒走來走去無所事事。[知識拓展]either...or...主要用于表示選擇，其意為“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于連接兩個性質相同的詞或短語；連接兩個成分作主語時，謂語動詞通常與其靠近的主語保持一致。除可連接兩個詞或短語外，有時也可連接兩個句子。其否定式可以是noteither...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。語法精講語法精講過去將來時[觀察例句]1．IknewJuliewouldmakedinner.2．IknewJohnwouldfinishtheworkby5：00p．m.3．WasJackgoingtowritealettertoTom?4．Wouldmysisterbuyahouseinthatcityandsettledown?[歸納用法]一、過去將來時的構成肯定句主語＋would＋動詞原形＋其他否定句主語＋wouldnot＋動詞原形＋其他疑問句Would＋主語＋動詞原形＋其他被動句would＋be＋動詞的過去分詞(done)二、過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示從過去某時看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。Ithoughthewouldn'tattendtheeveningparty，buttomysurprise，hecame.我原以為他不會參加這個晚會，但是令我驚訝的是，他來了。ItoldherIshould/wouldreturnthebookinafewdays.我告訴過她，我將在幾天后還書。三、過去將來時的表示方法1．“would/should＋動詞原形”，would用于所有人稱，should只用于第一人稱。Shetoldusthatshewouldnotgowithus，ifitrained.她告訴我們，如果下雨的話她就不和我們一起去了。ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天給他打電話問我下周做什么。2．“was/weregoingtodo”表示過去打算/計劃做某事或客觀跡象表明要發生的事。IwasgoingtoseeMr.Brownthenextday，buttheappointmentwascancelled.我本打算第二天去看布朗先生的，但預約被取消了。Ithoughtitwasgoingtorainbecausetheskywasverydark.我想是要下雨了，因為天色很暗。3．“was/wereabouttodo”表示過去正要/即將做某事，一般不與時間狀語連用。WhenIgottheretheywereabouttoleave.我到那兒的時候他們正要離開。4．“was/weretodo”表示過去計劃或安排將要做某事。Hesaidhewastofinishtheworkinaweek.他說他打算一星期后完成這項工作。Shesaidshewastotakeuptheposition.她說她要承擔這個職務。5．“was/were＋doing”表示過去將來時時，僅限于go，come，leave，start，takeoff等趨向性(短語)動詞。Ididn'tknowtheywerecoming.我并不知道他們要來。DavidwasleavingforShanghaiinafewdays.戴維幾天以后要去上海。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe(leave)officesoon.2．—Hepromisedhe(attend)themeetingontime.Iamatalosswhathappened.—Itdoesn'tmatter.Wearestartingwithouthim.3．Justanhouragohetoldmeonthephonethathe(come)homerightafterhiswork.4．Shesaidthebus(leave)atfivethenextmorning.5．Thebusdrivertoldeverybodytogetreadybecausethebus(start)．6．Hepromisedthathe(buy)somegiftsforuswhenhegotthere.7．Iwasn'tsurewhetherLucy(come)thenextday，soIwroteheraletter.8．By2017,Iwasalready180cmtall,andIwonderedifI(grow)taller.9．Mrs.Smith(go)forworkwhenthetelephonerang.10．Shehurriedtotheentranceatwhichthecar(arrive),andlookedforwardtoseeingherhusband.Ⅱ.短文語法填空Aftergraduationfromcollege，Istartedtosell.Ithoughtit1.(be)adepressingperiodoftimebecauseIdiscoveredthattheworriedexpressionI2.(wear)sincechildhoodmeantsurefailure.Iknewit3.(become)difficulttorelievethedepressionleftbysomanyyearsofhardship.Itcalledforacompletechangeinmyviewonlife.HereisthemethodItried.Eachmorningduringafifteen-minutebath，Ideterminedtocultivateabig，happysmileandmakemyself4.(relax)．Ifoundout，however，thatitcouldn'tbeaforcedsmiledevelopedjustforthepurposeofputtingdollarsinmypocket.Ithadtobeanhonest-to-goodnesssmilefromdowndeepinside，anoutwardexpressionofhappinessfromwithin！Iwasdefinitelysurethatit5.(work)．Let'sseethestartingoffwithagoodfifteen-minutetrainingofthesmilemuscleshelpedmeduringtheday.BeforeenteringanofficeI6.(think)ofmanythingsIhadtobethankfulfor，workupacharmingsmileandthenentered.Seldomdiditfailtogetthesamesmile7.returnfromthepersonImet.IalsofoundthatitpleasedpeoplewhenIpassedthemonthestreettogivethemacheerfulsmile.Giveeverylivingsoulyoumeetthebestsmileyouhaveeversmiledinyourlife，8.seehowmuchbetteryoufeelandlook.It'soneofthebest9.(way)Iknowtostopworrying，andstartliving.WhenIbegandoingthis，Ifound10.(me)morewelcomeeverywhere.寫作園地寫作園地如何寫探險類記敘文本單元的寫作項目是描述一次探險或者冒險經歷，屬于記敘文文體。記敘文有六大要素：時間、地點、人物、事件的起因、經過和結果。探險類文章需要注意重點要放在“探險”上；主人公是有意識地去做的，而不是偶然或者意外發生的事情。另外需要體現探險的意義所在，讀過之后能讓讀者有所啟發。通常用過去相關的時態。在文章里要寫出自己做了什么，自己看見了什么，以及自己的感受。[基本框架]1．開頭(beginning)——交代探險發生的時間、地點以及內容；2．主體(body)——詳細說明探險的經過或過程；3．結尾(ending)——寫出對探險的評價以及自己的感受。[常用詞塊]1．savetheearth拯救地球2．takethetimemachine乘坐時光機3．flypastthestars飛過星球4．betransformedintoaninsect變成了昆蟲5．beeatenbyamonster被怪物吃掉[常用語句]★精彩開頭1．Whenitcomestotheadventurestory，theMagicSchoolBuscameintomymindfirst.一說到冒險故事，我首先想到的就是《神奇校車》。2．Speakingoftheadventure，Iexperiencedoncethreeyearsago.說起冒險，我三年前經歷了一次。3．Ifyouwanttoexperiencethetravelinspace,let'sreadthefollowingstorytogether.如果你想感受太空旅行，我們一起來讀讀下面的故事吧。★正文佳句1．Weflewthroughthetunnelandgotintothetimemachine.我們飛躍隧道，進入了時光機器。2．Iwasswimmingintheseawhenabigsharkappearedseveralmetersawayfromme.我正在海里游泳，突然一條大鯊魚出現在離我幾米遠的地方。3．Theyjumpedintothetreeholeandthenshrankintoalittlemanofthesamesizeasamouse.他們跳入樹洞，然后縮成了像一只老鼠大小的小人。★余味結尾1．Thelittlegirlcametoherselfandfoundshewasstillsleepingunderthetree.小姑娘蘇醒過來，發現自己依然睡在樹底下。2．TillnowIstillfeelfrightenedatthethoughtofthatadventure.直到現在，一想起那次冒險我依然感到恐懼。3．Theherointhemoviesavedthepeopleintroubleandtaughtmetobekindandhelpfultopeoplearoundme.電影中的男主角拯救了苦難中的人們，教會我要對周圍的人善良，要樂于幫助他們。例文練習你是新華中學的學生李華，今年暑假和父母去了夏威夷。期間經歷了人生第一次潛水探險。請以日記的形式描述自己的這一次冒險經歷，并寫出從中自己的所思所想所獲。1．潛水地點是普普克阿海灘公園(PupukeaBeachPark)；2．我剛開始聽說這里有時會出現鯊魚，有點擔心，但因為它們一般不會主動攻擊人類，我嘗試下水；3．這里是一個海洋生物保護區，海里的魚類非常豐富，還有海龜；4．因為海里全是礁石，需要注意安全；5．建議想要去的朋友最好選擇每年的夏季，海面平靜且海浪很小的最佳浮潛季節。要求：1.詞數80左右；2．內容積極向上，可適當增添細節以使行文流暢。分層提分分層提分題組A基礎過關練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(根據漢語提示或首字母提示寫單詞)1．Maryenjoyedfeelingthewarmsand(在……之下)herfeet.2．Onlywhenyouwalkoutofyourcomfortcanyousucceed.3．Theexercisesaredesignedto(拉伸)andtoneyourlegmuscles.4．Seeinghisgoodfriends，hegreetedthemwithawaveandasmile.5．Itisour(最初的)plantosetupanorganizationtohelpthedisabled.6．Beforehedied，hehadalargequantityofalcohol.7．Inthe(擁擠的)city，myfatherpreferswalkingtotakingabus.8．Ineedtohireanew(仆人)，becausethelastonewasnotgoodenough.9．AsfarasIamconcerned，itishardtojudgethe(界限)betweenloveandfriendship.10．Theforeignermadeantomakehimselfunderstoodbythelocalpeople，butfailed.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空(用括號內所給詞的適當形式填空)1．Stopdoingit，oryou’lldoyourselfan(injure)．2．Determiningwhereweareinrelationtoour(surround)remainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.3．Ifeltgreatly(thrill)whenImetmyfavoriteauthorinperson.4．Istronglybelieveyoucandealwiththe(relate)betweenstudyandrelaxation.5．Ihad(initial)hopedthatIcouldbecomeawriterwritingsciencefictions.6．Toour(astonish)，hedidn’tworkhardertoovercomehisshortcomings.題組B能力提升練Asthecoronavirusoutbreakcontinues，manyAmericansarefearfulofusingpublictransportation.Theyarealsolookingforwaystogetexercisewithouthavingtogotoagym，aswellaswaystoenjoytheoutdoors.1IntheUnitedStates，bicyclesatbigstoreslikeWalmarthavesoldout.Andsmallbicyclestorescannotkeepupwithdemandfor“family-style”bicycles：thelow-cost，easy-to-ridemodels.Thebicycleindustryisseeingitsbiggestsalesincreasesincetheoilcrisisofthe1970s.TheincreaseinbicycledemandbeganinMarchascountriesbegantoclosedown.2Allbicyclesales，includingthoseforchildren，areup100percentfromtheyearbefore.3CitieslikeManilainthePhilippinesandRome，Italyhavecreatedbicyclepathsforthegrowingnumberofpeoplewhowanttoavoidpublictransportation.InLondon，cityofficialsplantobarcarsfromsomecentralroads.Ofcourse，youcanonlybuyabicycleifyoucanfindonebicycle.IntheU．S.，theshortagesnowmeanitmaytakemanymonthstogetone.4TheU．S.buys90percentofitsbicyclesfromChina.BicyclefactoriestherewereshutdowntostopthespreadofCOVID-19.InBarHarbor，Maine，BrianSmithboughtanewbicycleforoneofhisdaughters.Sheisacompetitiveswimmerwhocouldnotgettothepooltopractice.Hisfamilynowgoesforridesseveraltimesaday.Bicyclinghelpsthemallgetexerciseandenjoythefreshair.5“It’sfun.Maybethat’sthebottomline.It’sreallyfuntoridebikes，”Smithsaid.A．Butwhat’sthebiggestreasonwhytheygoonrides?B．Highdemandisnottheonlyreasonfortheshortage.C．Thenwhohasbenefitedgreatestfromridingbikes?D．TheriseinbicyclesalesisnothappeningjustintheUnitedStates.E．InApril，thesaleofbicyclesforadultsincreased200percentintheUnitedStates.F．However，nobicycleshavebeenimportedfromabroadlikeChinasincetheendoflastyear.G．So，itmaynotbesurprisingthatthepandemic(流行病)hasledtoamajorincreaseinbicyclesales.題組C培優拔尖練AClassifyingthingsiscriticalforourdailylives.Forexample，wehavetodetectspammails(垃圾郵件)，falsepoliticalnews.WhenweuseAI，suchtasksarebasedon“classificationtechnology”inmachinelearning—havingthecomputerlearn，usingtheboundaryseparatingpositiveandnegativedata.Forexample，“positive”datawouldbephotosincludingahappyface，and“negative”dataphotosthatincludeasadface.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned，thecomputercandeterminewhetheracertaindataispositiveornegative.However，thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess，andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases.Forinstance，whenaretailer(零售商)istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase，theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem(positivedata)，butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem(negativedata)，sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors’data.AccordingtoleadauthorTakashiIshidafromRIKENAIP，“Previousclassificationmethodscouldnotcopewiththesituationwherenegativedatawerenotavailable，butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata，aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata，constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.Usingournewmethod，wecanletcomputerslearnaclassifieronlyfrompositivedataequippedwithconfidence.”AccordingtoIshida，“Thisdiscoverycouldexpandtherangeofapplicationswhereclassificationtechnologycanbeused.Eveninfieldswheremachinelearninghasbeenactivelyused，ourclassificationtechnologycouldbeusedinnewsituationswhereonlypositivedatacanbegatheredduetodataregulationorbusinessconstraints(限制)．Inthenearfuture，wehopetoputourtechnologytouseinvariousresearchfields，suchasnaturallanguageprocessing，computervision，robotics，andbioinformatics.”1．Howcanthecomputerdistinguishthepositivedatafromthenegativedata?A．Bylearningtheclassificationboundary.B．Byupdatingthedatacollectedregularly.C．Byseparatinghappyfacesandsadones.D．Byintroducingclassificationtechnology.2．WhyistheexamplementionedinParagraph2?A．Toprovehowimportantthepositivedataare.B．Toconfirmthatdataoncustomersarecomplete.C．Toarguethatretailersgettheircompetitors’data.D．Toexplainwhynegativedataarehardtoacquire.3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“newmethod”inParagraph3referto?A．Analyzingbuyingintention.B．Buildingaconfidencescore.C．Assessingtheactiverateofappusers.D．Equippingthecomputerwithconfidence.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheHistoryofClassificationTechnologyB．SmarterAI：MachineLearningWithoutNegativeDataC．BiggerData：ComputersAssistingLanguageProcessingD．TheComparisonBetweenPositiveDataandNegativeDataBStudentloan(貸款)debthasbecomeaworldwideproblem.InAmerica，thecountry’soverallstudentdebtreachedarecordof$1.6trillionin2019.Theaveragepersonwithstudentloandebtowedbetween$20,000and$25,000.ArecentJapanesegovernmentreportsaysithasbeenlendingover$9billionyearlytostudentssince2010.SimilarconditionsexistinAfricaandSouthAmerica.Severalfactorsaccountforhighstudentloandebt.Oneisthatemployerseverywherehave