詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky版本：新北師單元：選擇性必修四

Unit11

(WRITINGWORKSHOP—READINGCLUB2)本單元詞匯梳理1.ban近義詞：prohibit反義詞：allow/permit詞塊：bansbfrom(doing)sth2.cigarettecigar(雪茄)+-ette(表示“小的”名詞后綴)3.alcohol詞塊：drink/consumealcohol；派生詞：alcoholic4.friedfry(v

油炸)+-ed(形容詞后綴)詞塊：friedfood5.harm精準的漢語釋義：傷害；損害名詞動詞化：傷害；損害詞塊：do/causeharmto,do/cause…harm派生詞：harmful,harmless6.desirabledesire(v

渴望)+-able(可……的)7.obesityobese(adj

肥胖的)+-ity(名詞后綴)8.tax名詞動詞化：對……征稅詞塊：charge/paytax(es),personalincometax9.false反義詞：true詞塊：falseteeth/hair,afalseargument10.investin-(into)+vest(衣服)本義是“穿上正式的制服”。人們將手中的錢換成股票時，就像給財富換上了一件可以帶來滾滾財源的衣服，所以后來用invest來比喻這種購買股票的投資行為，invest也就產生了“投資”的意思。有趣的是，股票交易所中的交易員都身穿馬甲(vest)，vest和invest是同源詞。隱喻：投（資）→投入（時間、精力等）詞塊：invest(sth)insth；派生詞：investment11.concludecon-(together)+clud(toshut)+-e(動詞后綴)→共同關閉(事情)→結束、終止；同根詞：include詞塊：concludefrom,concludesthwith/bydoingsth,

toconclude派生詞：conclusion12.beneficialbene-(good)+fic(todo)+-ial(形容詞后綴)→做好事的→有益的詞塊：bebeneficialto/for13.permanentper-(through)+man(tostay)+-ent(形容詞后綴)→從頭到尾停留的→永久的反義詞：temporary/impermanent詞塊：permanentharm/damage/job派生詞：permanence,permanently14.recoveryrecover(v

恢復)+-y(名詞后綴)詞塊：makearecoveryfrom,economicrecovery15.loose一詞多義：基本義“松的”形容詞動詞化：松開；釋放詞塊：letloose詞族：loose,loosely,loosen16.carpetcarp(撕碎)+-et(表示“小的”名詞后綴)詞源：carpet原義是“用拆散、撕開的碎布料制成的粗布”，原本用作桌布或床罩。15世紀時，人們發現把這種粗布鋪在冰冷的地板上有御寒效果，人可以跪或坐在上面。此后，將carpet鋪在地板上成為了一種時尚。因而產生了“地毯”的含義。17.ankle詞塊：twist/breakone’sankle18.greed來自greedy詞族：greedy,greed,greedily19.fry詞塊：Frenchfries,smallfry派生詞：fried20.request名詞動詞化：要求動詞是正式用語，對應askfor詞塊：requestsbtodosth,requestthatsb(should)dosth,makearequestfor,atone’srequest/attherequestofsb重難點詞精講conclude搭配義harm精準的漢語釋義loose一詞多義ban搭配義request英語釋義搭配義ban詞源故事在歐洲的封建時期，封建領主在自己的領地上擁有許多特權，其中之一便是領主可以發布公告，強制要求領地內所有居民做某事或禁止做某事，如要求居民給領主服兵役、禁止在領主的土地上狩獵、捕魚等。領主所發布的這種公告就是ban。后來，ban的詞義逐漸縮小為“禁止做某事”。

(banned,banning)vt禁止；取締(prohibit)：課文改Inmyopinion,weshouldbanadvertisementsforanyunhealthyproductssuchasalcoholandfriedfood.bansbfrom(doing)sth:Shewasbannedfromthegamefortwoyearsafterfailingadrugtest.

n

[C]［常用單數］禁止；禁令：Theyarenowprotectedbyaninternationalbanonwhaling.ban反義詞：allow/permitharm

n[U]傷害；損害；危害：課文改Thereisaminimumofharmtothepatient’sbrain.Hemaynotbeabletohelpbutthere’snoharminaskinghim.

causeharmto/cause...harm對……造成損害doharmto/do…harm傷害/對……有害：Toomuchdrinkingwilldogreatharmtoyou./Toomuchdrinkingwilldoyougreatharm.

vt傷害；損害：課文Undoubtedly,unhealthyproductsharmourhealth.詞匯拓展

harmlessadj

無害的反harmful

harmfulR3

adj有害的反harmless：theharmfuleffectsoftobacco

Airpollutionwillgetworseandthiswillbeharmfultopeople.

必修二Unit5根據所給提示，在空白處填入適當的單詞。ByJulytheresearchteamhad__________（結束）themainpartofitswork.finishedconcludeconcluded正式用語

vi&vt[正式用語]結束；終止toendortobringsthtoanend：Thestoryconcludedwithahappyending.Toconclude,I’dliketoexpressmythankstomyfamily.concludesthwith/bydoingsth:Heconcludedhisspeechbywishingeveryoneasafetriphome.

vt推斷出；斷定toformanopinionastheresultofthoughtorstudy：Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?2014江西Aristotleconcludedthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightones.conclude

v

構詞：con-(together)+clud(toshut)+-e(動詞后綴)→共同關閉(事情)→結束、終止conclusion

n[C]

結論；推論：make/rushtoaconclusionjumptoconclusionsThejudge’sconclusionwasthatMrSmithwasinnocent.

［常用單數］［正式用語］結束；結尾

(end)：Whenhebroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion,histeacherinvitedtherestoftheclasstopraisehim.2019全國改溫故選必二Unit5構詞：conclude+-ion(名詞后綴)常用搭配arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出結論：Theycametoaconclusionthatitwasathiefwhohadstolentheirdiamondnecklace.Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.inconclusion最后；總之(finally)：Inconclusion,Iwouldliketothankeveryonewhohashelpedus.Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.2010福建書面表達改Looselipssinkships.loose禍從口出。/言多必失。

猜猜該諺語的漢語翻譯

adj

松的；寬松的：課文Youtriponaloosepieceofcarpetandtwistyourankle.Don’twearlooseclothesinthelab.loosehair

自由的；無束縛的：Don’tletyourpetlooseinpublicplaces.

不嚴謹的；松散的：Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyourthinkingisalsodisorderedandconfused.loose反義詞：tight

控制不嚴的：

loosemouth/tongue

letloose釋放；放任：Justcloseyoureyesandletlooseyourimagination.

vt松開；釋放【詞匯拓展】

loosely

adv

松散地；粗略地形容詞動詞化loose語義網絡圖衣物等“松的”組織、邏輯等“松的”控制“松的”松的；寬松的自由的；無束縛的控制不嚴的松的（基本義）loosevtadj松開；釋放口風“松的”不嚴謹的；松散的在正式的邀請函中經常會用到一些慣用的敬語，如“敬請光臨”、“請屆時出席”等等。那么大家知道這些敬語如何用英文表達嗎？request敬請光臨___________________________

請屆時出席______________________________________

Yourpresenceisrequested.Yourpresenceisrequestedfortheoccasion.比較下面兩個句子，說說ask和request的區別是什么？Sheaskedhimtowakeherat6o’clock.Sherequestedhimtowakeherat6o’clock.正式用語多用在嚴肅的正式場合，如商業信函、報告、講座、會議，以及與陌生人和比自己級別高的人的禮貌交談中。非正式用語則多用在放松的非正式場合，如與熟人的日常交流，包括會話和書信往來等。總的來說，書面語多用正式用語，口語多用非正式用語。request是正式用語request

n[C]&[U]（正式的）要求；請求：makearequestforhelpInJapan,the“OK”signisarequestforsmallchange.Thepianistlistenedtoourrequestthathe(should)playinpublicagain.atsb’srequest/attherequestofsb應某人的要求：Thestudentswerethereattheteacher’srequest.

vt[正式用語]請求；要求toaskforsthorasksbtodosthinapoliteorformalway：Requestthehonourofyourpresence.Youcanrequestafreeticketfortheshowatthereceptiondesk.request

requestsbtodosth:Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.

request+that...(should)dosth:Werequestthatthediscussion(should)beputoff.與ask(for)同義，但request更正式本單元金句匯總1.Toomuchdrinkingwilldogreatharmtoyou./Toomuchdrinkingwilldoyougreatharm.2.Toconclude,I’dliketoexpressmythankstomyfamily.3.Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.隨堂檢測一、在空白處填入1個適當的單詞。1.Johnwasbanned_________themeeting.2.Thereshouldbeaban_________talkingloudlyincinemas.二、將下列句子譯成英語。1.室內公共區域和工作場所禁止吸煙。_________________________________________________________2.他被禁止駕駛六個月。_________________________________________________________banfromonSmokingisbannedinpublicindoorareasandworkplaces.Hewasbannedfromdrivingforsixmonths.harm一、根據漢語，寫出單詞的正確形式。1.ToomuchTV-watchingcan_________（損害）children’sabilitytolearn.（2010遼寧）2.Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatare_________（有害的）topeople.（2010廣東）二、翻譯下列句子。亂扔垃圾使我們的學校臟亂，并且有損學校的形象。__________________________________________________________________________________________Litteringmakesourschooldirty,anddoesharmtotheimageofourschool.harmharmfulconclude根據所給提示，用適當的詞塊完成下列句子。1.It’ssafeto_____________________（推斷出）itisreasonabletoincludeEnglishwhichfacilitates（促進）dailycommunication.（2014浙江）

2.Whenthegroupdiscussionisnearingitsend,makesureto________it_____（以……結束）importantpoints.（2013浙江）3.Whatcanwe________________（從……得出結論）Stafford’sresearch?（2009全國）4.She__________________（結束時說）shewasproudtobefromSalford.conclude

concludethatconclude

from

concludedbysayingwithloose寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。Thestudentsareaskedtotiebacktheirloosehairinthelab?