詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky版本：新北師單元：選擇性必修二

Unit5

(LESSON3—READINGCLUB2)本單元詞匯梳理1.obvious派生詞：obviously2.analysisana(up,throughout向上、始終)+lysis(aloosening解開、松開)→解開、松開(問題)→分析詞塊：carryout/doananalysisof派生詞：analyse3.rank一詞多義，基本義“排、行”名詞動詞化：rank…as,rankfirst派生詞：ranking4.inefficientin-(not)+efficient(adj

有效率的)5.worthyworth(n

價值)+-y(充滿……的)→worthy詞塊：(be)worthyofsth,(be)worthytodosth,aworthycause6.church詞塊：gotochurch7.universeuni-(one一)+verse(toturn轉)→轉為一體的→宇宙用法：與the連用；派生詞：universal8.BCEBCE是美式英語，BC是英式英語。拓展：AD(BrE)/CE(AmE)9.approveap-(to去)+prove(totest驗證)→去驗證某人/物是好的→贊成、贊同詞塊：approveof派生詞：approval,approving,disapprove10.urge一詞多義，基本義為“驅趕”詞塊：urgesbtodosth,urgethatsb(should)dosth;reduce/resist/fighttheurgetodosth11.prison詞塊：(putsb)inprison；派生詞：prisoner12.abandon一詞多義，基本義“放棄”；派生詞：abandoned13.assumption構詞：assume—assumption14.wisdomwise(adj

有智慧的)+-dom(表示狀況或狀態)15.owe一詞多義，基本義“應償還”詞塊：owesbsth/owesthtosb16.shadowshad-=shade，表示“陰影，暗影”詞塊：castashadowover/on,intheshadow(s)17.kingdomking+-dom(表示領域)；詞塊：theUnitedKingdom18.civilisationcivil(國家的、國民的)+-ise(使……化)+-ation19.vitalvit(life生命)+-al(……的)→生命攸關的→至關重要的詞塊：itisvital(forsb)todosth,beofvitalimportance20.beneficialbene-(good好的)+fic(todo做)+-ial(形容詞后綴)→做好事的→有益的；詞塊：bebeneficialto/for21.mankind合成詞：man+kind→人的種類→人類22.entitleen-(on,upon在……上)+title(n

標題)→給……加上標題→給……命名常用于被動語態；詞塊：beentitledto(do)sth23.implyim-(in入、向內)+ply(tofold折疊)→折入其中，隱含于其中→暗示；暗指24.routineroute(path路線)+-ine(形容詞后綴)，引申為常規的、日常的；詞塊：dailyroutine25.motionmot(tomove移動)+-ion(名詞后綴)同根詞：promote,emotion,remote詞塊：gothroughthemotions,inmotion,set/putsthinmotion26.overallover(從頭至尾)+all(全部)27.timetable合成詞：time+table在英式英語中，timetable指時間表、時刻表，schedule指工作計劃、日程安排。在美式英語中，工作計劃、日程安排、時間表、時刻表都用schedule。28.facility常用復數29.philosophyphilo-(loving愛)+sophy(knowledge,wisdom智慧)派生詞：philosopher30.restrict詞塊：restrict…to…派生詞：restriction31.arrange一詞多義，基本義“排列”詞塊：arrange(forsb)todosth派生詞：arrangement重難點詞精講rank一詞多義abandon一詞多義精準的漢語釋義worth&worthy搭配義shadowurge一詞多義搭配義owe一詞多義approve辨析義一詞多義辨析義vitalarrange&arrangement英語釋義一詞多義英語釋義詞源解讀：rank的詞源義和基本義是“排、行”(row,line)。■n

[U]&[C]等級；地位；軍銜：apainterofthefirstrankamanofrankholdtherankofcaptain

[C]行；列；[theranks]（團體或組織的）成員：ThatsummerIwasfiredandjoinedtheranksoftheunemployed.rank某個領域、社會、軍隊中的“排、行”團體或組織中的一“排”或一“行”人人或事物的“排、行”■v（名詞動詞化）

vt［常用于被動語態］排列；使排成行：Hisbookswererankedtidilyonthebookshelf.

vt&vi［不用于進行時］把……分等級；屬于某等級：TheyrankLangLangasafirst-classpianist.—Howdoyoubehaveatschool?—Verywell.Irankhighinmyclass.【詞匯拓展】?rankingn[C]名次；排名rank語義網絡圖人或事物的排、行行；列（團體或組織的）成員排列；使排成行v團體或組織中的一排或一行人某個領域、社會、軍隊中的排、行等級；地位；軍銜n把……分等級；屬于某等級排、行

rankn（基本義）worth&worthyAbirdinthe

handisworthtwointhebush.Whateverisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.Theworldisafineplaceandworthfightingfor.

——HemingwayNomanorwomanisworthyourtears,andtheonewhois,won’tmakeyoucry.worth

■adj［不用于名詞前］

值……的；相當于/具有……價值的：beworthsth:Theoldstampisworthabout5,000yuan.Howmuchisthelandworth?

值得：①(be)worthsth:Althoughittakesusanhouradaytoexercise,itiswellworthit.②(be)worthdoing:Goodopinionsareworthstickingtobecausetheycanbenefitusall.2015浙江③itisworthdoingsth:Itisworthvisitingtheartmuseum.■n[U]價值：millionsofpounds’worthofdamageworthyadj

［只用于名詞前］［正式用語］值得敬重的：aworthycauseaworthychampion

［不用于名詞前］值得的：①(be)worthyofsth:Sheisateacherwhoisworthyofrespect.

Heinsistedthattheproblemworthyofattentionbediscussedatthemeeting.2010湖北改②(be)worthytodosth:Sheisworthytoreceivesuchhonor.Theyoungmanisworthytobetaught.worth+-y（充滿……的）→worthy“Thespiritofourteamisnotsimplyaboutwinningthechampionship,buttogiveourbestevenwhenwearefacingdefeat.It’saboutrisingupagainstallobstaclesandcontinuingwithperseveranceandpassion.Thelongjourneytosuccesswillbebumpyandfullofobstacles,butthefinishlinewillbeworththefight.”

—LangPingThefinishlinewillbeworththefight!Asavolleyballplayer,LangPingbroughthonourandglorytohercountry.Asacoach,sheledtheChinawomen’svolleyballteamtomedalsatworldchampionshipsandtheOlympics.Shehasdevotedallherlifetotheworthwhilecause.Sheisworthy

of

our

great

respect.approveapprovev

vi贊成；贊同反disapprove：Iapproveofyou/yourtryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.

vt批準；認可toofficiallyacceptaplan,proposal,etc.：Wewouldbepleasedifyouwouldapproveourproposal.TheMinistryofEducationapprovedanewpolicytoday.?approvingadj

贊許的；贊成的反disapproving詞源解讀：ap-(to去)+prove(totest驗證)→去驗證某人/物是好的→贊成；贊同

【溫故】選必一U1approvaln[C]&[U]贊成；同意反disapproval；批準：Henoddedinapproval.

Thegovernmentgaveapprovaltotheproject.Ihopemysuggestionswillmeetwithyourapproval.【詞匯拓展】disapprovev

反approve

vi不贊同；反對：Istronglydisapproveofdiets;it’sbettertoeatsensibly.

vt［正式用語］不批準；不同意?disapprovaln[U]不贊同；反對反approval?disapprovingadj

不贊同的；表示反對的反approvingapprove,agree,accept析辨approve指“批準/正式通過（計劃；建議等）”，側重對認為正確或滿意的事表示“贊同”或“批準”。作不及物動詞時意為“贊成”“同意”，常與of連用。

?

Ourvillagecommitteeapprovedtheplanofputtingoffthesportsmeetingduetothebadweather.agree指多方面達成一致意見,暗含先有分歧,經協商或討論后取得共識。?Myfatheragreedtobuyabikeformeasabirthdaypresent.accept指同意、接受、認可。?Heacceptedoursuggestion.urge我們每天都需要去衛生間，那么“急需去衛生間”怎么表達呢？可借用urge的名詞來幫忙：theurgetopee(尿急)。urgevt

[正式用語]驅策；驅趕：Iurgedtheelephantdeeperintotheforest.2014

重慶

催促；力勸

toadviseortryhardtopersuadesbtodosth：①urgesbtodosth:Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue.北師大新選必②–5②urge+that...(should)dosth:Heurgedthatwe(should)takesuchsteps.urge詞源義：“推、驅動”(topresshard,drive)，基本義為“驅趕”urge

大力推薦；極力主張torecommendsthstrongly：ThesituationisdangerousandtheUNisurgingcaution.n[C]強烈的欲望；迫切的需要(desire)：urgetodosth:Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnackbetweenmeals.2017全國【溫故】選必一U3urgentadj急迫的；迫切的；緊急的：Iwasinurgentneedofmoney.Everyminuteofthedayisfilledwithurgentmatters.urge語義網絡圖驅趕urgev基本義“驅趕”動物等“驅趕”某人做某事極力把某事物“驅趕”給別人驅策；驅趕催促；力勸大力推薦；極力主張程度遞進強烈的欲望；迫切的需要nvabandonabandon的詞源義及基本義為“放棄(togiveup)”。abandon的精準的漢語釋義“棄”。abandon語義網絡圖放棄abandon基本義放棄做某事；放棄信念等不顧義務、責任等放棄人或動物不得已而放棄某地或某交通工具

放棄

遺棄

離棄abandonvt句中學1.Eveninhisdarkestmoments,Beethovenneverabandonedhope.譯林新選必①–22.Peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.

2010北京3.Snowforcedmanydriverstoabandontheirvehicles.4.Fearingfurtherattacks,mostofthepopulationhadabandonedthecity.放棄遺棄離棄離棄【詞匯拓展】（分詞形容詞）abandonedadj

被遺棄的；被離棄的；廢棄的：Asharedbikeisleftabandonedatabusstop.ItistobooksthatIoweeverythingthatisgoodinme．—Gorky我身上所有優秀的品質都要歸功于書籍?！郀柣鵲we馬克西姆·高爾基（MaximGorky，1868—1936），前蘇聯作家、詩人、評論家、政論家、學者。是社會主義、現實主義文學奠基人，蘇聯文學的創始人。高爾基自傳體三部曲為《童年》《在人間》《我的大學》。他的代表作還有長篇小說《母親》和劇本《小市民》等。他被授予列寧勛章，成為蘇聯共產黨中央委員會成員。他的誕生地被改名為高爾基市。owevt

欠（債）：owesbsth(forsth)/owesthtosb(forsth):Shestillowesherfather$5,000./Shestillowes$5,000toherfather.HowmuchdoIoweyouforlunch?2008天津

應給予：owesbsth/owesthtosb:Iowehimanapology./Ioweanapologytohim.owe的詞源義是“tohave,own”，引申為“用擁有的去支付或償還”。其基本義為“應償還”。owe詞源解讀

應該把……歸功于：owesthtosth:Heoweshisgoodhealthtohisregularlife.Theseearlysettlersowedtheirsurvivaltohardworkanddeterminationtosucceed.owingto因為；由于(becauseof)：Owingtobadweather,theflightwasdelayedforacoupleofhours.2012上海owe語義網絡圖應償還owe（基本義）“應償還”金錢“應償還”解釋或歉意等欠（債）應給予“應償還”事情發生的原因應該把……歸功于shadow

皮影戲是中國一門傳統藝術。觀眾在觀看皮影戲時，看到的是道具輪廓的“影子”，而其對應的英文是shadowplay，很符合皮影戲的本質特點。還有一門中國傳統文化藝術——太極拳，在英文中稱作taichi(音譯)或shadow

boxing，為何太極拳也跟“影子”有關呢？這還要歸到太極拳本質——虛實轉換，轉換間如“影子”一般，這也就可以解釋為什么用shadow

boxing了。shadow

n

[C]影子；陰影；壞影響：shadowplayHerfather’sillnesscastashadowover/ontheweddingcelebrations.shadowsundersb’seyestheshadowofdeath

[U]［也可用復數］背光處；陰暗處：Sometimesshesitsaloneintheshadow(s).shadevsshadow

shade指陽光照不到的地方，如樹下或墻邊的陰涼處，一般沒有具體的輪廓。Let’ssitintheshadeofthetreeforawhile.

shadow指某物遮住陽光或其他光源后形成的影子，可以引申為“不良的兆頭或陰影”，也可指黑暗的地方。Myfriendjumpedoutoftheshadowsandtappedonmyshoulders.vital高考鏈接翻譯句子。閱讀是我生活中極其重要的一部分。（2019

天津）________________________________________Readingisaveryimportantpartofmylife.anessentialpartavitalpartvitalR2

adj至關重要的

veryimportantornecessary

(essential)：ofvitalimportance(=veryimportant)Considerationforotherpeopleisvitaltoallofus.What’sworse,somedriversdonotthinkitvitaltoobeytrafficrules.2015江蘇書面表達改Readingisavitalpartofmylife.2019天津vital詞源解讀：vit(life生命)+-al(……的)→生命攸關的→至關重要的詞根前綴/后綴單詞派生詞

vit(life)

-al（……的）vital

adj

生命的；至關重要的vitalityn活力；生氣vitalize

v賦予生命；使有生機devitalize

v奪去……的生命/活力revitalize

v使恢復元氣；使復活-amina(e)（物質）vitamin(e)

n維生素/vit詞根arrange&arrangementrange:范圍、范疇；在一定范圍內將人或者物按照一定的次序排列或者不超出某種范圍，這就是動詞arrange，它的基本義就是toplacethingsinorderarrange(fresh/artificial)flowersflowerarrangement插花用英語怎么說？arrange

v

vt

排列；整理toputsthinaparticularorder：Youcanarrangethingsfrombeginningtoend,smalltolargeorbysomeotherorder.2012

陜西

vt&vi安排；籌劃：

Mydadarrangedsomeswimminglessonstosurpriseme.arrange(forsb/sth)todosth:（重點詞塊）Davearrangedforsomeonetodrivehimhome.

vt

編寫/改編（樂曲）towriteorchangeapieceofmusic：writeandarrangemusicalcompositions具體熟詞生義抽象arrange語義網絡圖排列arrange（基本義）安排；籌劃排列；整理“排列”物體“排列”事情編寫/改編（樂曲）“排列”音符【溫故】必修三U9arrangementn

[C]&[U]

排列；布置agroupofthingsthatareputinaparticularway：theseatingarrangements

[C]

[常用復數]安排方式

thewaythingsaredoneororganized：Theairportiscurrentlyreviewingitsnewsecurityarrangements.

[C]

[常用復數]

安排；籌備

aplanorpreparation：travelarrangementsOurcollegeistomakearrangementsforthemeeting.

[C]&[U]

商定；約定

sththathasbeenorganizedoragreedon(agreement)：Wehavecometoanarrangement—shegivesmearidetoschoolandIhelpherwithherEnglish.本單元金句匯總1.TheyrankLangLangasafirst-classpianist.2.Whateverisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.3.Sheisateacherwhoisworthyofrespect.4.Iapproveofyou/yourtryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.5.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnackbetweenmeals.2017全國6.

Eveninhisdarkestmoments,Beethovenneverabandonedhope.譯林新選必①–27.Iowehimanapology./Ioweanapologytohim.8.Readingisavitalpartofmylife.2019天津9.Davearrangedforsomeonetodrivehimhome.10.Ourcollegeistomakearrangementsforthemeeting.隨堂檢測寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。Thecompanyrankssecondamongfoodmanufacturers（生產商）.___________2.Thetaskhavebeenrankedinorderofdifficulty.___________3.Whilenoneofthesepicturesisofthefirstrank,someareofinterest.___________4.Shewasnotusedtomixingwithpeopleofhighsocialrank.___________

一流的

社會地位很高的

排名第二rank把……分等級

一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Nocomposerwasconsideredworthyofthenameuntilhehadwrittenanopera.___________2.Themoneyweraisewillbegoingtoaveryworthycause.___________3.Thebankmightthinkyou’reworthyofaloan.___________二、在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。1.LeedsUnitedwere_________(worth)winnersofthecompetition.2.Acoupleofotherbooksareworthy_________mention.3.Heisworthy_________(have)aplaceintheteam.worthyworthyoftohave名副其實的

崇高的事業

應得的

approve一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Shedoesn’tapproveofmyleavingschoolthisyear.____________2.Imusttellyouinallhonestythatthereislittlechanceoftheproposalbeingapproved.____________3.Shewantstobeanactress,butherparentsdisapprove.____________二、在空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。I’dbegratefulifmyapplicationcouldgetyour_________(approve).（2011

重慶）贊成/同意批準/通過不贊成/不同意/反對approval1.Shebeganurginghimtowardsthefrontdoor. __________2.Policeareurginganyonewhosawtheaccidenttocontactthemimmediately. __________3.Weurgeeffectiveactiontobetakenimmediately. __________4.HecouldnolongerresisttheurgetogoandseeAmanda. __________驅趕催促主張抑制沖動

urge一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Makesureyouresisttheurge__________(answer)everymessageyoureceive.（2011山東）2.TheSomalirobbers’frequentattacks

on

thesea

urged

theUnitedNations__________(call)

on

allnationstotakeimmediateaction.（2009福建）3.I’mterriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourphone?It’srather________(urge).（2012遼寧）4.Heurgedthataconference________________(hold)byDecember.5.IgotanotefromMoira_______________(urge)metogetintouch.toanswertocall二、用所給詞的正確形式填空。urgent(should)beheldurgingabandon寫出下列句子中畫線部分精準的漢語釋義。1.Thematchwasabandonedbecauseofbadweather. ___________2.Thesearchforthemissingsailorswasabandonedaftertwodays.___________3.Fearingfurtherattacks,mostofthepopulationhadabandonedthecity.___________4.Themarketmightabandonthestock,andknockdownitsprice.

__________5.Asharedbikeisleftabandonedatabusstop. ___________adj

被遺棄的放棄/終止離棄清理取消owe根據所給漢語，用適當的詞塊完成下列句子。1.“Ithinkmaybe____________________（我們應該向你道歉）,”shesaid.（2015北京）2.“_______________________（我欠你多少錢）?”sheasked.3.DidyouremembertogiveMary_____________________（你欠她的錢）?4.Dianahas_____________________（將她的成就歸功于)thegoalsheset,theeducationshereceivedfromthecollege,andabovealltheeffortsshemade.（2011福建改）5._________________（我該請你吃頓飯）forhelpingmemove.weoweyouanapologyHowmuchdoIoweyouthemoneyyouowedherowedherachievementstoIoweyouadinnershadow寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thechildrenwerehavingfun,chasingeachother’s

shadows.________2.Hedidn’twanttocastashadowontheirhappiness.