2025年高考英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文寫作與讀后續(xù)寫講義練習(xí)28.讀后續(xù)寫微技巧6(首句接話的構(gòu)思與設(shè)計(jì))首句接話的構(gòu)思與設(shè)計(jì)續(xù)寫開頭的作用及設(shè)計(jì)如何寫好讀后續(xù)寫在高考中博取閱卷老師的眼球獲得夢(mèng)寐以求的高分？如何讓學(xué)生的作品在高考中脫穎而出獲得高分？這是很多老師和學(xué)生一直在不懈努力的課題。那么，讀后續(xù)寫的開頭如何寫呢？可以使用哪些寫作技能和手法？我們知道，一個(gè)好的故事開頭就好比是一堂成功的課的導(dǎo)入，能夠迅速抓住學(xué)生和老師們的興趣，并且愿意聽下去，跟著授課老師的思路走。一個(gè)好的故事開頭就好比是一個(gè)帶著香味十足的誘餌，誘使讀者上鉤并且饒有趣味地看完。而一個(gè)拙劣的故事開頭，定會(huì)讓讀者大倒胃口，懨懨欲睡。可見，寫好一個(gè)好故事的好開頭是多么的重要。以下就是語(yǔ)篇交際中的常用接話技巧：1.模糊表達(dá)模糊表達(dá)是人們?cè)诼犜掃^(guò)程中，覺得回答對(duì)方的話語(yǔ)或是在承接對(duì)方話語(yǔ)時(shí)，不愿、不便、或是不能直接正面回答，從而選擇一種界限不清的模糊表達(dá)方式，如以喻代答、就輕避重、巧換概念、以問(wèn)代答等，這樣既保護(hù)了自身，又起到了委婉、含蓄、謙虛、禮貌等交際效果。（1）以喻代答式的接話技巧：有些問(wèn)題用純理性的語(yǔ)言或許難以準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)或是難以使人確切理解，而若采用比喻的方式則可能產(chǎn)生更好的表達(dá)效果。（2）就輕避重式的接話技巧：交際中往往會(huì)碰到對(duì)方向自己征詢意見而自己迫于保全對(duì)方面子的需要不便于直接表達(dá)的情況，此時(shí)，我們常常會(huì)對(duì)問(wèn)題采用就輕避重的方式予以回答。（3）模棱兩可式的接話技巧：:當(dāng)說(shuō)話者向聽話者提出的問(wèn)題，聽話者不能給予十分明確的回答時(shí)，聽話者在接話時(shí)常會(huì)采取一種模棱兩可的回答方式。這樣，既沒(méi)有違反合作原則，也很好地遵循了禮貌原則。（4）巧換概念式的接話技巧：巧換概念也是我們?cè)诮釉掃^(guò)程中常用的模糊表達(dá)手段，即故意在接話時(shí)將對(duì)方話語(yǔ)中的某個(gè)句子或是某個(gè)語(yǔ)詞作出另一角度上的理解或是與之截然相反的闡釋，實(shí)現(xiàn)一種巧妙的接話。（5）以問(wèn)代答式的接話技巧：在交際過(guò)程中我們會(huì)碰到對(duì)于對(duì)方所提的問(wèn)題并不了解的情況。而有時(shí)，出于維護(hù)自身尊嚴(yán)又出于禮貌回應(yīng)對(duì)方的需要，我們可采用一種間接地以問(wèn)代答的方式模糊表達(dá)自己實(shí)際并不知情的事實(shí)。2.重復(fù)話輪交際過(guò)程中，接話者在聽取說(shuō)話人講述時(shí)，可能會(huì)覺得說(shuō)話人講的其中某一句話或某幾個(gè)詞是話題的重點(diǎn)，抑或是認(rèn)為有值得更進(jìn)一步探討的話語(yǔ)，接話人往往會(huì)在接話過(guò)程中重復(fù)前說(shuō)話人話語(yǔ)里的某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)或是某句話語(yǔ)來(lái)繼續(xù)話輪的進(jìn)一步展開。重復(fù)不僅是以此來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)自己和說(shuō)話人的關(guān)注點(diǎn)相同，更重要的是對(duì)說(shuō)話人的認(rèn)同，滿足說(shuō)話人被尊重被關(guān)注的需要，是對(duì)一致準(zhǔn)則的遵守。話輪的重復(fù)可以分為簡(jiǎn)單性重復(fù)和歸納性重復(fù)。（1）簡(jiǎn)單性重復(fù)：簡(jiǎn)單性重復(fù)是指接話人對(duì)上一說(shuō)話人的話語(yǔ)進(jìn)行完全性重復(fù)，不改變上一說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)詞、語(yǔ)義，只是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)似的簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)。這樣的重復(fù)既是對(duì)話輪的銜接，又是對(duì)上一說(shuō)話人的禮貌回應(yīng)。（2）歸納性重復(fù)：歸納性重復(fù)是指對(duì)對(duì)方所說(shuō)的話語(yǔ)進(jìn)行總結(jié)性歸納，是為了使對(duì)方覺得自身的話語(yǔ)得到了傾聽，受到了重視，也是為了加強(qiáng)受眾的印象。3.巧用禮貌用語(yǔ)禮貌用語(yǔ)包括一些謙敬語(yǔ)稱呼語(yǔ)、委婉語(yǔ)等。巧禮貌用語(yǔ)，是禮貌原則制約下的又一接話技巧。（1）使用謙敬稱呼語(yǔ)：用謙語(yǔ)貶己，用敬語(yǔ)揚(yáng)人。用謙敬稱呼語(yǔ)盡量抬高對(duì)方、貶低自己，以示自謙和對(duì)對(duì)方的尊敬，使雙方在以禮相待中和諧對(duì)話，是禮貌原則的貶己尊人準(zhǔn)則的顯著體現(xiàn)。（2）使用委婉語(yǔ)：委婉語(yǔ)是指人們?cè)诮徽勥^(guò)程中，碰到一些不愿或不便直接表達(dá)的名物、動(dòng)作或是心理時(shí)，常用含蓄、溫和、文雅、無(wú)刺激性的語(yǔ)言代替生硬、直接、粗俗、帶刺激性的語(yǔ)言，從而消除或淡化交際中產(chǎn)生的不愉快。交際過(guò)程的“潤(rùn)滑劑”。在接話過(guò)程中，人們常用委婉語(yǔ)來(lái)達(dá)到一種理想的交際效果，體現(xiàn)了禮貌原則在接話過(guò)程中的運(yùn)用效果。首句接話的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)技巧1.用副詞顯現(xiàn)做出動(dòng)作反應(yīng)時(shí)的時(shí)間特征等例如：(2016.10浙江卷)Para1：Butnomorehelicopterscameanditwasgettingdarkagain.Immediately,anabsolutedarknessruledtheforest.【分析】用時(shí)間時(shí)間副詞承接所給首句中的“itgettingdarkagain”，同時(shí)銜接后文的環(huán)境描寫“thedarknessruledtheforest”。副詞銜接自然、順暢。2.用形容詞（短語(yǔ)）凸顯人物的情感情緒例如：（1）(2016.10浙江卷)Para1:Butnomorehelicopterscameanditwasgettingdarkagain.Desperateandhopeless,Janekneltdown,tearsstreamingdownherface.【分析】用形容詞短語(yǔ)“Desperateandhopeless”凸顯了人物的情緒狀態(tài)，與后面的動(dòng)作“kneltdown”一起再現(xiàn)了情境中的人物的精神狀態(tài)。（2）(2016.10浙江卷)Para2:ItwasdaybreakwhenJanewokeup.Weakasshewas,shestruggledtoherfeet,continuingsearchingforassistance.【分析】用“狀態(tài)形容詞+as/though引導(dǎo)的倒裝句”結(jié)構(gòu)體現(xiàn)了人物早上起來(lái)后的精神狀態(tài)。（3）(2018.06浙江卷)Para1:Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.AfraidthatImighthurtthelovelysmallcreature,Iautomaticallyletoutacrytostopmyhorse.【分析】用“情緒形容詞+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)闡釋了人物見到兔子后的心理反應(yīng)。（4）(2018.06浙江卷)Para2:Wehadnoideawherewewereanditgotdark.Exhaustedandhungry,Iwonderedifwecouldfindourwayback.【分析】用并列的表示心理狀態(tài)的形容詞，體現(xiàn)了人物心力交瘁的狀態(tài)。3.用分詞（短語(yǔ)）體現(xiàn)人物的心理變化等例如：（1）(2016.10浙江卷)Para1:Butnomorehelicopterscameanditwasgettingdarkagain.Feelingdisappointed,Janehadtostayaloneforanothernight.【分析】用“現(xiàn)在分詞+情緒形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)體現(xiàn)了人物失望的心理狀態(tài)。（2）(2016.10浙江卷)Para2:ItwasdaybreakwhenJanewokeup.Feelingrefreshed,shecontinuedtowalkalongthestreamtofindthewayout.【分析】用“現(xiàn)在分詞+狀態(tài)形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)傳遞了人物早上醒來(lái)后的精神狀態(tài)。4.用直接引語(yǔ)增強(qiáng)情境效果例如：(2017.06浙江卷)Para1:Thecarabruptlystoppedinfrontofhim."Getintothecar."PaulshoutedatMac.【分析】用含有祈使句的直接引語(yǔ)與首句提示中的“abruptlystopped”形成呼應(yīng)，進(jìn)一步烘托了緊張的情境。5.添加背景描寫以烘托場(chǎng)景例如：(2017.11浙江卷)Para2:Wedrovethroughseveralstatesandsawlotsofgreatsightsalongtheway.Ilookedoutofthecarwindow,windingrivers,loftymountains,sunnybeachesanddeepvalleysholdingmeentirelyintheirfascination.【分析】用“視覺+環(huán)境描寫+擬人修辭”結(jié)構(gòu)與首句提示語(yǔ)中的“l(fā)otsofgreatsights”遙相呼應(yīng)，再現(xiàn)了美麗風(fēng)景對(duì)視覺的沖擊效果。6.引入新動(dòng)作創(chuàng)造新的情境例如：(2017.11浙江卷)Para1:Thenextdaywerememberedthebrand-newtentwehadbroughtwithus.Dadexchangedaglancewithme.WhynotcamptosatisfyMom?【分析】用“動(dòng)作描寫+問(wèn)句銜接”結(jié)構(gòu)承接首句提示語(yǔ)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新的情境，即“露營(yíng)”。7.借助聲音效果增強(qiáng)描寫功效例如：BOOM,CRASH!Thewindwashowlingoutsideofmyhouse.Wewerehavingaterriblethunderstorm.Iwasveryscared.【分析】用“howling”這一聲效進(jìn)一步拓展了首句所設(shè)定的情境效果。8.用疑問(wèn)句引出新的話題或?qū)κ录男碌目捶ɡ纾篧hydoestroublealwaysfollowmearound?DoIhavea"kickme"signonmybackorsomething?【分析】用一般疑問(wèn)句承接首句的特殊疑問(wèn)句，進(jìn)一步凸顯了作者對(duì)“trouble”的看法。【拓展訓(xùn)練】1．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。“Thisisenough!Icannotstanditanymore!”Myowner’smothershoutedatthetopofherlungs.“Wolfiehastogo!Haveadogthat’ssobigandeatssomuch!Icannotstandhimurinating(小便)alloverthehouseinsteadofinthesmallbasinathiskennel(狗窩)!”“But…”Myownercried.“Nobuts,Bob!”Hismothershouted.Hercoldtoneindicatedshemeantbusiness.Nowthinkbackonyourmostdepressingmoment.Thenmultiplythatfeelingofdepressionbyahundred.ThatwashowIfeltatthattime.Iwouldbeseparatedfrommybelovedowner,Bob.ThiswastheendandIhadnoonetoblamebutmyself.Loweringhisheadinsadness,Bobdraggedhimselftowardshisroomandslowlyclosedthedoor.Withaclick,helockedit.Iwentbacktomykennelandlayinside.Isigheddeeply,tearswellingupinmyeyes.Soon,IwouldhavenoownerandIwouldhavetofindshelter,foodandwaterbymyself.Poorme.Afterawhile,Iheardfootstepsthatwerebecominglouderbythesecond.IraisedmyheadandsawBobwalkingtowardsmewithaleash(皮帶)inhislefthand.“Wearegoingtothemarket,”Bobtoldmeashetiedoneendoftheleasharoundmyneck.Awalkwouldmakemefeelbetter.IfollowedBobandhismothertothemarket.Soon,wereachedthelongroadthatwehadtocrosstogettothemarket.Afterwaitingforages,thetrafficlightfinallyturnedgreen.Whilecrossingtheroad,Bobwalkedslowlyasheseemedaboutleavingme.Weweresoonfallingbehindhismother.Fromthecomerofmyeye,Isawsomethingmovingcloserandcloseratgreatspeed.ItwasaredcarspeedingtowardsBob’smother!Bobalsosawitbuthismotherwasunawareofthedangerapproachingher!IcaughtaglanceofthelookofhorroronBob’sface.Hehadturnedwhiteinhorror.注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)該為150個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Ineededtodosomething!_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Shelookeddownatme,feelingtouched._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。HavingbeendownonmyselfandunhappyinmymarriageIspenttheweeknotbeingverynicetoanyoneinmyfamily.Ifeltmyselfdistancingmyselffromthosepeoplethatwerenottherootofmyanger.Thoselittlepeoplewithsweetinnocenteyeswerewonderingwhytherewasnoloveinheractions.Ipushedmydaughterawayasshetriedtohugme.ThoughIsawthepaininhereyes,Ididn’tknowhowtochangewhatIwasfeeling.IsawmorepainintheirlittleeyeswhenIservedthemdinnerandturnedandwalkedoutoftheroomanddidn’tjointhemfortheirlastmealoftheday.ForyearsIhadmadesuchabigdealoutofhavingdinnerasafamilybutduringthistimeofheartachethatIwasexperiencingIjustcouldn’tbringmyselftobewiththem.Ibegantofeelangrywiththem.Itwouldbesoeasytochangemylifewithouthavingthemtothinkabout.AndhowmanytimeshadIheardthatIneededtodowhatwasbestforthekids?Didnobodycarewhatwasbestforme?ThenIwatchedashowonTVthatmademerealizewhatIwasdoingtothesepoorkids.Duringthistimeofselfpity,Iwasleavingthemamemory,abadmemorythattheycouldlookbackon.Ididn’twantthattohappen.Ineededtopullmyselfupbythebootstringsandgetoutofthepitypot.Ineededtotakecontrolofmyownlife.Notonlyformyownsakebutformykidstoo.ThatnightIwenttosleepwithcalmthoughtsinmyhead.TheissuesinmymarriagehadnotbeenresolvedbuttheissuesIhadwithmyselfhad.IknewwhatIhadtodotobettermylifeandmychildren’stoo.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。ThenextmorningIpreparedandatebreakfastwithmythreewonderfulkids._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mystorytoldmealot._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Intheheartofthecity,amongthechaoticflowofpeople,stoodasmallbakerycalled“SweetSerenity”.Itsgoldensignshoneunderthemiddaysun,invitingpassersbywithpromisesofsugarydelights.AndatthecenterofitwasSarah,theownerofSweetSerenity.Withflour-dustedcheeksandawarmsmile,shegreetedcustomerslikeoldfriends.Everythingseemedcheerfulandpeaceful,butbehindthis,Sarahwasstrugglingtokeepherbakeryrunning.Rentwasdue,andsuppliesandsaleswerealldeclining.Worsestill,sheheardaboutabigcompany’splantoentertheneighborhoodandundoubtedly,thebakerycouldn’tcompetewiththebigchainsmovingin.ThefutureofSweetSerenityreallyhunginthebalance.Overthenextfewweeks,SarahpouredallherenergyintoSweetSerenity.Shelaunchedasocialmediacampaignandhostedbakingclasses,tryingtobringingthebakerybacktolife.Hardassheworked,businessremainedsliding.Asthedayspassed,Sarahwatchedhelplesslyasboxeswerepackedandshelvesemptied.Customerscamebytooffertheircomfort,buttheirsympathyonlydeepenedhersenseofdefeat.OntheeveofSweetSerenity’sclosure,Sarahsataloneintheemptybakery,tearsstreamingdownherface.Shehadpouredherheartandsoulintothisplace,onlytoseeitslipaway.“HowcouldIpossiblyfindasolutiontosavemybakery?Isthereanyonewhocangivemeahand?”shethoughttoherself.Butthen,acheerfulsoundcaughtherear.Itwasthesoundoflaughterandmusicfloatinginfromthestreetoutside.Curious,Sarahlookedthroughthewindowtoseeacrowdgatheringaroundafoodtruckparkingacrossthestreet.Itwasanewadditiontotheneighborhood,amobilebakerycalled“TheRollingOven”.Theowner,ayoungwomannamedMia,washandingoutsamplesofhertastycupcakesandengagingcustomerswithherinfectiousenthusiasm.注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Suddenly,alightofhopewasfueledwithinSarah.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Slowlybutsurely,morecustomersfloodedinaftertheyteamedup.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Learningmotivationonlyaccompaniedbyinterestcanlastlong.Mygrandfatherusedtobethedirectorofalocalmuseum.SosinceIwasyoung,Ihadtheopportunitytovisitvariousmuseumswithhim.Afterenteringhighschool,Ibecameinterestedinhistory,andIconstantlycollectedinformationrelatedtomuseums.WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofawatercolouristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.DonotmissyourchancetoseeTexas’firstmodernartmuseum—theMcNayArtMuseum.Therearemorethan20,000differentandsignificantworks.WithbeautifulSpanishgardensandtheamazingarchitectureofthebuilding,theartwithinthewallsisn’ttheonlywondertosee.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,“Doyouhavetheaddress?”“No,butI’llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh,stop.Thereitis!”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.“MayIhelpyou?”amanasked.“No,”Isaid.“We’refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren’tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(愛管閑事的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme.“Wheredoyouthinkyouare?”heasked.Iturnedsharply.“TheMcNayArtMuseum!”Hesmiled,shakinghishead.“Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.”“What’sthisplace?”Iasked,stillconfused.“Well,it’sourhome.”Myheartjolted(震顫).Iracedtothestaircase.注意：1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Icalledout,“Sally!Comedownimmediately!”____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考答案1．Ineededtodosomething!Then,anideastruckme.Withouthesitation,IletoutaloudbarkandbrokeawayfromBob.IracedtowardsBob’smother.Withanextraburstofenergy,Icaughtuptoher,leaptandpushedheraside.Shestaggeredforwardbutsoonbalancedherself.Thecarspedpast,barelymissingmebyaninch.Luckyme!Bobrushedtowardshismotherandme.Wegottothesafetyofthepavement.“I…Icannotbelievethis.Wol…Wolfiesavedmylife,”Bob’smothercried,stillinshockfromhernear-deathexperience.Shelookeddownatme,feelingtouched.Irespondedwithabark.Hereyessoftenedandshegavemeahug.“Let’scontinuetokeephim,”shesaid.Icouldnotbelievemyears.IbarkedandwaggedmytailexcitedlywhileBob’seyeswidenedindelight.Hewasjumpingforjoy.Now,Ihaveturnedoveranewleaf.ImakesurethatIurinateinthesmallbasininmykennelandthewholefamilynowtreatsmelikeahero,butIfeelthatwhatIdidwasjustsomethinganyonewouldhavedoneinmyposition.【寫作分析】文章以動(dòng)物為線索展開，講述了一只名叫Wolfie的大狗和它主人Bob以及Bob的母親之間的故事。Wolfie因?yàn)轶w型大和食量大，并且經(jīng)常在家里隨地小便而不是在狗窩里，所以Bob的母親決定要將它送走。這讓W(xué)olfie感到極度沮喪和害怕，因?yàn)樗鼘⒈黄扰c深愛的主人Bob分離。然而，在即將被送走的前夕，Bob帶著Wolfie去市場(chǎng)，途中發(fā)生了一起危險(xiǎn)的事故。一輛紅色汽車高速?zèng)_向Bob的母親，而Bob的母親并未察覺到這個(gè)危險(xiǎn)。【要點(diǎn)解析】1.段落續(xù)寫①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“我需要做點(diǎn)什么！”可知，第一段可描寫Wolfie救了主人母親性命的過(guò)程。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“她低下頭看著我，感到很感動(dòng)。”可知，第二段可描寫主人的母親打算繼續(xù)養(yǎng)Wolfie以及Bob和Wolfie的反應(yīng)。2.續(xù)寫線索：Wolfie救了Bob的母親——母親感到震驚——決定繼續(xù)養(yǎng)Wolfie——Bob很高興——Wolfie的感悟3.詞匯激活行為類①脫離：breakawayfrom/separateoneselffrom②追上：catchupto/keepupwith③飼養(yǎng)：keep/raise情緒類①興奮地：excitedly/cheerfully②震驚地：inshock/stunned[高分句型1]Thecarspedpast,barelymissingmebyaninch.（運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)）[高分句型2]ImakesurethatIurinateinthesmallbasininmykennelandthewholefamilynowtreatsmelikeahero,butIfeelthatwhatIdidwasjustsomethinganyonewouldhavedoneinmyposition.（運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句）12．Thenextmorning,Ipreparedandatebreakfastwithmythreewonderfulkids.Aswesataroundthetable,Ilookedintotheireyesandsawtheirinnocenceandloveforme.Withasmile,Iapologizedformyrecentbehaviorandpromisedtobemorepresentandloving.Theyhuggedmetightly,forgivingmeinstantly.Fromthatmomenton,Ivowedtomakeeverymealafamilyaffair,tocherishthesepreciousmoments,andtocreatehappymemoriesforthem.Irealizedthatmyhappinesswasintertwinedwiththeirs,andbyprioritizingourfamilytime,Iwasnotonlyimprovingtheirlivesbutmineaswell.Mystorytoldmealot.Ittaughtmethatself-pityandangeronlyleadtoisolationandpain,whereasloveandforgivenessbringusclosertogether.Ilearnedthatasaparent,myactionsandattitudesshapemychildren’smemoriesandtheirperceptionoflove.Mostimportantly,Iunderstoodthattakingcontrolofmylifeandhappinessisnotjustformyownsakebutforthesakeofmychildren,whodeserveahappyandlovingmother.Thisrealizationtransformedme,andIamgratefulforthewake-upcallthathelpedmerediscoverthejoyofbeingaparentandtheimportanceoffamily.【寫作分析】文章以主人公情緒變化及家庭關(guān)系修復(fù)為線索展開。由于主人公對(duì)婚姻的不滿和自我貶低，導(dǎo)致她對(duì)家人的態(tài)度變得冷淡甚至惡劣。在經(jīng)歷了一段時(shí)間的內(nèi)心掙扎和矛盾后，她通過(guò)觀看電視節(jié)目意識(shí)到自己的消極情緒對(duì)孩子們?cè)斐闪素?fù)面影響。這成為她情緒和態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變的契機(jī)，她開始反省自己，并決定重新振作，掌控自己的生活，為了孩子們和自己的幸福而努力。【要點(diǎn)解析】1.段落續(xù)寫①根據(jù)第一段首句“第二天早上，我和三個(gè)可愛的孩子一起準(zhǔn)備早餐。”可知，本段可以描述作者開始改變，給自己的孩子更多的愛和陪伴。②根據(jù)第二段首句“我的故事告訴了我很多。”可知，本段可以描述作者從自己的故事中的感悟。2.續(xù)寫線索：開始改變——孩子們很高興——道歉——原諒——改善自己和孩子們過(guò)上快樂(lè)生活——感悟。3.詞匯激活行為類①發(fā)誓：promise/vow/swear②改善：improve/enhance/increase③改變：transform/change/alter情緒類①高興的：happy/cheerful/pleasant②憤怒：anger/rage/fury[高分句型1]Irealizedthatmyhappinesswasintertwinedwiththeirs,andbyprioritizingourfamilytime,Iwasnotonlyimprovingtheirlivesbutmineaswell.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)[高分句型2]Ilearnedthatasaparent,myactionsandattitudesshapemychildren’smemoriesandtheirperceptionoflove.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句)3．Suddenly,alightofhopewasfueledwithinSarah.“Teamingupmightsavemybakery,”shethought.Withreneweddetermination,Sarahdashedtothefoodtruck.“Whatifwecooperatetocompeteagainstthebigchains,Mia?”shesaideagerly.Mia’seyeswidenedinsurprise,butthenshesmiledbroadly.“Greatidea!”shecriedout.Soon,aftercarefulplanningandpreparation,theyopenedanewbakerynamedSweetSerenity&TheRollingOvenandcreatedanewmenuappealingtomostcustomers,hopingtochangethesituationwiththeirjointefforts.Slowlybutsurely,morecustomersfloodedinaftertheyteamedup.Theycameintothebakery,eagertotastethenewtreatsandsupportthetwowomenwhohadrefusedtogiveup.Gradually,SweetSerenity&TheRollingOvenbecameabelovedtrendintheneighborhood,bringingjoyandsweetnesstoallwhovisited.AndSarah,withasmileonherfaceandflouronherapron,learnedthatnomatterwhatchallengeslayahead,shewouldalwaysfindawaytorise.【寫作分析】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了Sarah，是一個(gè)對(duì)顧客非常熱心且友好的人，她每天像問(wèn)候老朋友一樣問(wèn)候來(lái)店的每一位顧客。然而，在面包房和諧平靜的表面背后，Sarah肩負(fù)著巨大的經(jīng)營(yíng)壓力。由于經(jīng)營(yíng)不善、房租到期，商業(yè)巨頭進(jìn)駐社區(qū)等原因，這個(gè)面包房處于瀕臨倒閉的邊緣。盡管Sarah努力改變經(jīng)營(yíng)策略，如通過(guò)社交媒體宣傳、舉辦烘焙培訓(xùn)班的等活動(dòng)來(lái)增加面包房人氣，但效果并不明顯。當(dāng)Sarah面對(duì)傾注多年心血的面包房，走投無(wú)路，無(wú)可奈何準(zhǔn)備放棄的時(shí)候，對(duì)面街道上熱鬧的叫賣聲吸引了她。在一輛流動(dòng)面包售賣車旁，女老板Mia正在努力叫賣商品并拿出樣品給人們品嘗，她熱情而具有感染力的聲音吸引了很多顧客。【要點(diǎn)解析】1.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“突然，Sarah心中燃起了希望之光。”可知，第一段描寫的是Sarah與Mia合作開了一家名為SweetSerenity&TheRollingOven的新面包店，并推出了吸引大多數(shù)顧客的新菜單。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“慢慢地，但肯定的是，更多的顧客在他們合作后涌入。”可知，第二段描寫的是SweetSerenity&TheRollingOven成為社區(qū)中受人喜愛的趨勢(shì)，為所有來(lái)訪者帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)和甜蜜。2.續(xù)寫線索：燃起希望——精心策劃與準(zhǔn)備——合伙開面包房——推出新菜單——吸引更多顧客——面包房受人喜愛——明白無(wú)論有什么挑戰(zhàn)都能尋找到出路3.詞匯激活行為類①燃起：fuel/blazeout/lit②急奔：dash/rush③合作：cooperate/collaborate④吸引：appearto/attract/draw情緒類微笑：smile/beam[高分句型1]Theycameintothebakery,eagertotastethenewtreatsandsupportthetwowomenwhohadrefusedtogiveup（運(yùn)用了who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）[高分句型2]AndSarah,withasmileonherfaceandflouronherapron,learnedthatnomatterwhatchallengeslayahead,shewouldalwaysfindawaytorise.（運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，nomatterwhat引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）4．Para1:Icalledout,“Sally!Comedownimmediately!”Theechoofmyvoicefilledtheair,causingthecuriouseyesoftheresidentstoturntowardsmeevenmoresharply.Iquicklyranupthestairs,tryingtocatchupwithSallywhohadalreadydisappearedintotheupperfloors.AsIreachedthelanding,Isawherstandinginfrontofapainting,hereyesfixedonitwithsuchintensitythatshehadn’theardmycall.Igentlytappedhershoulderandwhispered,“We’vemadeamistake.Thisisn’ttheMcNayArtMuseum.We’reinsomeone’shouse!”Sally’sfacefell,andshequicklygatheredherthings.Weapologizedprofuselytothehomeownersfortheintrusionandleftthehouseasquicklyaspossible,embarrassedandred-faced.Para2:Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.Shesmiledwarmlyandsaid,“Excuseme,butIcouldn’thelpbutnoticeyourface.Itlooksexactlylikethegirlwhoaccidentallyenteredourhouseallthoseyearsago.”Iwastakenaback,butthenIrealizedwhoshewas.“Ohmy,youmustbeoneofthehomeownersfromthatday!”Iexclaimed.Webothlaughedandsharedstoriesaboutthatembarrassingincident.ShetoldmethatshehadoftenthoughtaboutthatdayandhadevenwonderedifIhadevermadeittotheMcNayArtMuseum.Itoldherthatyes,Ihadeventuallyvisitedandhadfalleninlovewithartevenmore.Wetalkedforalongtime,reminiscingaboutthepastandsharingourlives.Itwasawonderfulreunion,andIwasgratefulforthechancetomeetheragainafteralltheseyears.【寫作分析】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了記敘了作者一次誤入別人的家，將別人的家當(dāng)做了一位畫家的博物館，而在三十年后作者再次遇到屋主，屋主告訴作者是作者讓自己意識(shí)到了自己住在多么美麗的地方，自己有多么幸福，她非常感謝作者。【要點(diǎn)解析】1.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“我喊道：‘莎莉!馬上下來(lái)!’”可知，第一段可描寫作者去叫莎莉下來(lái)，并且說(shuō)了走錯(cuò)地方的事情，并且和屋主道了歉。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“三十年后，一個(gè)女人在公共場(chǎng)合走近我”可知，第二段可描寫作者再次遇到屋主，兩人進(jìn)行了溝通。2.續(xù)寫線索：喊莎莉離開——告知走錯(cuò)——向屋主道歉——再遇屋主——愉快交談3.詞匯激活行為類①進(jìn)入：enter/getin②引起：cause/contributeto③遇見：meet/encounter情緒類①尷尬的：embarrassed/awkward②感謝：grateful/thankful[高分句型1]Itlooksexactlylikethegirlwhoaccidentallyenteredourhouseallthoseyearsago.(運(yùn)用了who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)[高分句型2]AsIreachedthelanding,Isawherstandinginfrontofapainting,hereyesfixedonitwithsuchintensitythatshehadn’theardmycall.(運(yùn)用了as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)體態(tài)與外貌的描寫方法肖像描寫中的外貌描寫肖像描寫是對(duì)人物的容貌、衣著、體型、姿態(tài)、神情等進(jìn)行描寫，以表現(xiàn)人物的體貌特征。對(duì)人物進(jìn)行恰到好處的肖像描寫能夠生動(dòng)地反映出人物的角色身份、社會(huì)地位、性格特點(diǎn)、情感變化等，將人物栩栩如生地呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前，讓讀者在閱讀的過(guò)程中如見其人。肖像描寫在形態(tài)上進(jìn)一步劃分，分為靜態(tài)描寫和動(dòng)態(tài)描寫，即外貌描寫和神態(tài)描寫。靜態(tài)描寫是指對(duì)人物外在體貌靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下的描寫，人物的外貌描寫是靜態(tài)描寫的基本內(nèi)容。(一)描寫視角以描寫視角為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)肖像描寫進(jìn)行劃分，可將人物肖像描寫概括為兩類:整體描寫和局部描寫。兩種描寫分別承擔(dān)不同作用，共同構(gòu)成文學(xué)形象。整體描寫是對(duì)人物肖像進(jìn)行完全地刻畫，從整體出發(fā)，通常采用多種描寫角度，多面、系統(tǒng)、有層次地進(jìn)行描繪和刻畫，將人物的外在形態(tài)完整、清晰地展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。通過(guò)對(duì)人物的整體描寫，從多個(gè)角度對(duì)人物進(jìn)行完整構(gòu)思，能綜合把握人物形象，使讀者對(duì)描寫對(duì)象有整體、完整的印象。局部描寫是指有重點(diǎn)的選擇人物肖像的中某一部分，如容貌、衣著、姿態(tài)等進(jìn)行刻畫，在情節(jié)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵之處加以重點(diǎn)描繪，達(dá)到“以點(diǎn)帶面”“以局部反映整體”的效果。相較于整體描寫而言，局部描寫的視角更加聚焦、集中，通過(guò)最能表現(xiàn)人物性格特點(diǎn)的局部反映人物的精神面貌。人物肖像的局部描寫為理解人物形象、性格特點(diǎn)提供了有效途徑，同時(shí)也要探究敘述者對(duì)于局部特點(diǎn)抓取的緣由，挖掘更深層次的人物情感。(二)描寫技法根據(jù)描寫對(duì)象的輕重、詳略以及用語(yǔ)的多少，人物的外貌描寫又可分為白描式描寫、漫畫式描寫和詳細(xì)描寫三類。所謂白描式描寫，是指用簡(jiǎn)練而樸素的文字，不加渲染烘托、鋪張辭藻，講求簡(jiǎn)潔傳神地描畫出鮮明生動(dòng)的形象。與此同時(shí)，白描也往往會(huì)帶來(lái)隱喻的效果，不過(guò)多著墨，但給讀者留下深刻印象，寥寥幾筆對(duì)角色的勾畫考驗(yàn)作者對(duì)人物形象傳神寫照的把握。漫畫式描寫是對(duì)人物肖像上的特點(diǎn)加以放大，以極盡夸張、變形的形式來(lái)表現(xiàn)人物的形象，以此凸顯人物特點(diǎn)，相比較白描和細(xì)描，漫畫式描寫更凸顯人物形象的荒誕感，通過(guò)虛與實(shí)的交融對(duì)比，使人物形象塑造地強(qiáng)烈、典型。詳細(xì)描寫是指對(duì)人物進(jìn)行細(xì)致入微的刻畫，把讀者對(duì)人物的感受限制在特定時(shí)空內(nèi)，由作者引導(dǎo)讀者對(duì)人物進(jìn)行感知，使人物形象清晰、完整的呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前。不同的描寫技法對(duì)人物形象的刻畫能達(dá)到不同效果，所抓取的人物外形上的特點(diǎn)和描寫角度也有所區(qū)別，教師在教學(xué)中要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意體會(huì)不同描寫技法的藝術(shù)效果。人物體態(tài)外貌描寫技巧描寫相貌體型（PhysicalAppearance）常用詞匯第一部分描述體形的形容詞1.描述身材：tall,small,short,ofmediumheight…2.描述體型：fat,thin,slim,big,small,ofmediumbuild,strong等.3.描述相貌：beautiful,pretty,good-looking,charming,sweet,handsome,funny,ugly,peculiar,rough,ill-looking4.體格（build）：fat肥胖的;thin瘦的;slim苗條的;overweight超重;slight瘦小的;well-built身材魁梧5.身高（height）mediumheight中等身材;averageheight一般身材;belowaverage低于平均身高;tall高的;short矮的;tallish有些高的;middle-sized身高中等的;ofmediumheight中等身材;1.78meters身高1.78米。第二部分五官在用英語(yǔ)描寫面部容貌的時(shí)候，可以從臉型、頭發(fā)、五官入手。1.臉型（face）：round圓的;thin瘦的;long長(zhǎng)的;square方的。例：Sheeatstoomuchthesedays,soherfaceisgettinground.她最近吃得太多了，所以她的臉變圓了。2.頭發(fā)（hair）(1)發(fā)型（hairstyle）:straight直的;curly卷發(fā)的;pigtails辮子;crewcut平頭;bald禿頭的。例：Herhairisbrownandcurly.她有著一頭棕色而卷曲的頭發(fā)。(2)發(fā)色(haircolor):jet-black烏黑的;fair金色的;blonde淡黃色的;golden金黃色的;dyed染色的;brunette淺黑色的;mousey灰褐色的;chestnut栗色的.3.五官(1)眼睛（eye）：deep-set深陷的;sunken凹陷的;bulging/protruding凸出的;eyelashes睫毛;eyebrows眉毛.例：Hiseyesaredeep-setbecausehehasworkedtillmidnightforalongtime.他的眼睛深陷，因?yàn)樗@段時(shí)間經(jīng)常工作到深夜。HehadthemostbeautifulblueeyesIhadeverseen.她有一雙我從未見過(guò)的漂亮藍(lán)眼睛。(2)鼻子(nose)：long長(zhǎng)的;straight挺直的;big大的;small小的;flat扁平的;hooked鉤狀的.例：Hewasbornahookednose.他天生是鷹鉤鼻。Hisnoseisverybig,sohedoesn'tlikeit.他的鼻子很大，所以他不喜歡它。(3)嘴部(mouth)：tooth牙齒;even整齊的;uneven不整齊的;chin下巴。例：Whenhelaughs,weseehiseventeeth.當(dāng)他笑的時(shí)候，我們看見他有一口整齊的牙齒。Shehasadoublechin.她有雙下巴。第三部分服飾神情1.服飾（dress）：smart瀟灑的;scruffy邋遢的；well-dressed衣著華麗的;casual隨便的;conservative不顯眼的;elegant優(yōu)雅的;fashionable時(shí)髦的;suave文雅的;untidy不整潔的.例：Helookscasualjustwearingatweedsuit.他穿了一件花格子襯衫，看上去很隨便。2.笑容（smile）：bright歡快的;broad無(wú)所顧忌的;charming可愛的;cunning狡猾的;faint不明顯的;happy高興的;pleasant令人愉快的;sad傷心的;sweet甜蜜的;pleased滿意的;grinning露齒而笑的;smirking傻笑的;friendly友好的;warm溫暖的，熱情的;cold不熱情的.例：Becauseofhishighscores,hesmilesbrightly.因?yàn)樗昧烁叻郑孕Φ煤軤N爛。Afriendlysmilewillhelpyoutowinothersheart.友好的笑容能幫助你贏得別人的心。Sheischarmingwhenshesmiles.她笑起來(lái)的時(shí)候很可愛。第四部分描寫男性1.Hewaswonderfullygood-looking,withhisbrownhair,hisclear-cutface,andhisgreyeyes.hewaspopularwiththemenashewaswithwomen.他長(zhǎng)得很帥，棕色的眼睛和頭發(fā)，輪廓清晰的臉龐，灰色的眼睛，男人和女人都喜歡他。2.Hewasastrange,roughfellow,witha