沖刺2021年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解

第十二模塊：人文地理類

Passage1.(2021?全國模擬)

Theaveragebear,itseems,isgettingeversmarter.First,itturnedoutthatatleastonecanuseacomb.

Nowitappearsthatsomecancount,too.

JenniferVbnk,ofOaklandUniversity,inMichigan,andMichaelBeran,fromGeorgiaStateUniversity,

setthreeAmericanblackbearsthetaskofdistinguishingbetweennumericallylargerandsmallergroupsofdots

(點(diǎn))onacomputerscreen.Inreturnforafoodrewardonebear,Brutus,wouldtouchthemoreheavily

dottedpatternwithhisnose.Theothers>BellaandDusty?wouldtouchthescreenwiththeirclawsOK子).

AstheresearchersreportinAnimalBehavior,thebearsdidbestwithpatternswherethecoloureddotsdid

notmoveandwheremoreofthemalsotookupalargercolouredarea.Thiscouldbeexplainedbythebears'

distinguishing(hedifferentareasofcolourratherthantrulycountingthedots.However,thethreebears

managedtopickout(hebiggernumberofdotseveninpairsofpatternswherefewerdotstookupalargerarea.

Movingpatterns,whereeachdotfolloweditsownpatharoundthescreen,weremoreofachallenge.But

Brutus,atleast?wasnotdefeated.Heseemedtobecountingmobiledotsevenwhenthescientiststriedto

misleadhimbymovingthetotalcolouredareaofthedotsatthesame(ime.

Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeofintelligence.Theyfacealotof

challengeswhentryingtogetfbcd.Theyare>however?alwaysalone,andsodonothaveihecomplexsocial

systemsthatcontributetoanimalsmarts.Perhaps,then,theirmathsskilldevelopedbecausetheycannotcount

ontheirfriendsforhelp.

(1)Whattaskdidthescientistssetforthethreebears?

A.Distinguishingdifferentdotpatterns.B.Figuringoutdifferentcoloursofdots.

C.Puttingthedotsintodifferentlycolouredgroups.D.Pickingoutthegroupwithalargernumberofdots.

(2)Forthebears,thetaskwaseasierwhen.

A.thecoloureddotsweremovingslowlyB.thedotpatternswereregularinshape

C.thedotsfollowedapathonthescreenD.moredotscoveredalargercolouredarea

(3)Whatmayexplainthebears'highdegreeofintelligence?

A.Theylearnskillsfromotheranimals.B.Theyfacelifechallengesontheirown.

C.Theyfeedonadiverserangeoffood.D.Theyhavecomplexsocialnetworks.

(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BearsTaughttoDistinguishColoursB.NewEvidenceofBearIntelligenceFound

C.ThreeBearsLearnedHowtoCountD.TheSmartestAmericanBlackBearBrutus

【考點(diǎn)】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀.

【分析】本文是說明文。本文介紹了一些關(guān)于黑熊的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，有證據(jù)表明熊是一種高智商動物。

【解答】(1)D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句中的setthreeAmericanblackbearsthetaskof

distinguishingbetweennumericallylargerandsmallergroupsofdotsonacomputerscreen.可知,科學(xué)家們給

三只美國黑熊設(shè)定了一個(gè)任務(wù)，讓它們在電腦屏幕上區(qū)分點(diǎn)數(shù)量較多和較少的點(diǎn)組，可推知布置的任務(wù)

是區(qū)分不同的點(diǎn)模式。以及第三段However,thethreebearsmanagedtopickoutthebiggernumberofdots

eveninpairsofpatternswherefewerdotstookupalargerarea.然而，這三只熊甚至在成對的模式中都能找

到數(shù)量較多的點(diǎn)，而在這種模式中，數(shù)量較少的點(diǎn)占據(jù)了更大的區(qū)域。也就是其目的主要是讓三只熊選

出更多的點(diǎn)數(shù)，故選D。

(2)D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句AstheresearchersreportinAnimalBehavior,thebearsdidbest

withpatiernswherethecoloureddotsdidnotmoveandwherernureofiherualsotookupalargercolouredarea.

正如研究人員在《動物行為》雜志上所報(bào)道的那樣，熊在圖案上的表現(xiàn)最好，這些圖案中的彩色點(diǎn)沒有

移動，而且更多的點(diǎn)占據(jù)了更大的彩色區(qū)域。可知越多點(diǎn)覆蓋越大顏色區(qū)域時(shí)，任務(wù)對黑熊來說就越簡

單，也就是D.moredotscoveredalargercolouredarea更多點(diǎn)覆蓋更大彩色區(qū)域，符合答案，故選D。

(3)B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句和第三句Theyfacealotofchallengeswhentryingtogetfood.

Theyarc.however,alwaysalone,andsodonothavethecomplexsocialsystemsthatcontributetoanimal

smarts.他們在獲取食物時(shí)面臨著很多挑戰(zhàn)。然而，他們總是孤獨(dú)的，因此沒有形成動物智慧的復(fù)雜社會

系統(tǒng)。可知黑熊的高智力和它們必須獨(dú)自面對生存挑戰(zhàn)有關(guān)，也就是B.Theyfacelifechallengesontheir

own符合答案，故選B。

（4）B.標(biāo)題判斷題。結(jié)合文章第一段Theaveragebear,itsesms,isgettingeversmarter.First,itturned

outthatatleastonecanuseaconb.Nowitappearsthatsomecancount,too."-一般的熊似乎變得越來越聰明

To首先，事實(shí)證明至少一頭熊可以使用梳子。現(xiàn)在看來，有些熊也會數(shù)數(shù)。”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，介紹

了一些新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，用來證明熊是一種高智商動物，所以文章標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是“發(fā)現(xiàn)了證明熊智力的新證據(jù)”。

即B.NewEvidenceofBearIntelligenceFound符合答案，故選B。

Passage2.（2021?山東模擬）

ScientistsinItalyarcinvestigatingthemysteriousappearanceofpinkglacialiceintheAlps,causedby

algae（藻類）thatacceleratetheeffectsofclimatechange.

Thereisdebateaboutwherethealgaecomefrom,butBiagioDiMauroofItaly'sNationalResearch

CouncilsaidthepinksnowobsenedonpartsofthePresenaglacier（冰〃I）islikelycausedbythesameplant

foundinGreenland.

"Thealgaisnotdangerous,itisanaturalphenomenonthatoccursduringthespringandsummerperiods

mthemiddlelatitudesbutalsoatthePoles,"saidDiMauro,whohadpreviouslystudiedtliealgaeatthe

MorteratschglacierinSwitzerland.

Theplant,knownasAncylonemanordenskioeldii,ispresentinGreenland'sso-calledDarkZone,

wheretheiceisalsomelting.Normallyicereflectsmorethan80%ofthesun'sradiationbackintothe

atmosphere,butasalgaeappear,theydarkentheicesothatitabsorbstheheatandmeltsmorequickly.More

algaeappearastheicemeltsmorerapidly?givingthemvitalwaterandairandaddingredcolorstothewhite

iceatthePassoGavia,altitude2618metres（8590feet）.

"Everythingthatdarkensthesnowcausersiltomeltbecausei（acceleratestheabsorptionofradiation,"

saidDiMauro."Wearetryingtoquantifytheeffectofotherphenomenabesidesthehumanoneonthe

overheatingoftheEarth,"saidDiMauro?notingthatthepresenceofhikersandskiliftscouldalsohavean

：inpactonthealgae.

Touristsattheglacierexpressedtheirlamenttotheimpactofclimatechange."Overheatingoftheplanetis

aproblem,thelastthingweneededwasalgae,“saidtouristMartaDurante."Unfortunatelywcarcdoing

severedamage.Wcarcalreadyatthepointofnoreturn,Ithink."ElisaPonnifromFlorencesaidshefeltthe

Earthwas"givingusbackeverythingwehavedonetoit"."2020isaspecialyear：terriblethingshavehappened,

'shesaid."Inmyopinion,atmosphericphenomenaareworsening.Climatechangeisincreasinglyevident."

(1)WhatisspecialaboutthepresentglaciersintheAlps?

A.Itresultsinmorenaturaldisasters.B.Itpresentsanunusualcolour.

C.1(becomesmoremysteriousthanever.D.Ithasbeencoveredwithvariousplants.

(2)Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetherelationshipbetweeniceandalgae?

A.Algaedarkens(heice.B.Algaemakestheicemelted.

C.Theyinteractwitheachother.D.Meltedicepromotesthegrowthofalgae.

(3)Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"lament"underlinedinParagraph6?

A.Depression.B.Anger.C.Confusion.D.Embarrassment.

(4)Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

A.Toexplainanaturalphenomenon.B.Tointroducearareandunusualplant.

C.Todrawpublicattentionclimatechange.D.Tocriticizetheimproperbehaviorsofmankind.

【考點(diǎn)】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀.

【分析】本文是?篇說明文。文章主要介紹了阿爾卑斯山出現(xiàn)的神秘粉色冰川.人們經(jīng)過調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)

粉色冰川是因?yàn)橐环N藻類覆蓋在了上面，它與冰川相互作用，加速了全球變暖的進(jìn)程。

【解答】(1)B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"themysteriousappearanceofpinkglacialicc"(粉紅色冰川

的神秘外觀)可知，冰川呈現(xiàn)粉紅色，這是一種不同尋常的顏色。故選B.

(2)C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句中的"asalgaeappear,theydarkentheiccsothatitabsorbstheheat

andmeltsmorequickly.Morealgaeappearastheicemeltsmorerapidly,givingthemvitalwaterandair”藻類

的出現(xiàn)會使冰變黑，這樣冰就會吸收熱量，融化得更快；冰層融化速度的加快又為藻類提供了重要的水

和空氣，致使更多的藻類生長。由此可推知，冰川與潦類之間是相互作用的關(guān)系。故選C.

（3）A.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容尤其是第二句中的"Overheatingoftheplanetisaproblem”以及倒數(shù)

第二句中的"atmosphericphenomenaareworsening"可知,游客們表達(dá)了對氣候變化所帶來的影響的惋惜之

情。由此可推知，lament應(yīng)意為"惋惜"，與A項(xiàng)意思相近。A.Depression惋惜：B.Anger生'（,；C.Confusion

困惑;D.Embarrassment尷尬。故選A.

（4）C.寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了阿爾卑斯山出現(xiàn)神秘粉色冰川的成因以及人類活動，

氣候變化導(dǎo)致全球變暖的情況加劇，以此吸引人們對氣候變化的關(guān)注。故選B.

Passage3.（2020?吉林模擬）

Evenifyou'veneverbeentoPhoenix,youknowthisabcuttheplace：Il'shot.Butthatdoesn'tstop

hikersfromattemptingthe13-miletrek（跋涉）tothetopofthecity'sfamedCamelbackMountain.Signs

warnthatthetrailis"extremelydifficult."Ifyoucontinue,apostedchecklistsuggestsatleastaliterofwater

perperson.Andifyoukeepclimbing,anothersignfartherupdeclares；"Ifyou'rehalfwaythroughyour

waterturnaround!"

Unfortunately,manypeopledonotpayattentiontothewarnings.Fortunately.ScottCullymore

docs.The53-year-oldmanhikesupanddownCamelbackacoupleoftimesadaygivingoutcoldbottlesof

watertoworn-outhikers.Hehashelpedsomanyhikersthathehasearnedaheavenlynickname：theWater

Angel"I'dlikeamoremanlyname?but,youknow,"hetoldazfamily,com.

CullymorewasonCamelbackMountainonedayin2015whenaBritishtouristdiedafterbeinglostfor

nearlysixhoursintheJulyheat.Thatexperienceinspiredhimtostarthelpingpeoplecaughtunawareby

Arizona'sunforgivingversionofMotherNature,"Theyunderestimatethemountain,andtheyoverestimate

whattheycando,andtheygetthemselvesintrouble,"hetoldtheArizonaRepublic.Ifahikerhasaredface

andisnotsweatinganymore,Cullymorereachesintohisinsulated（隔熱的）backpack,pullsoutafrosty

bottle,andhandsittotheperson."It'smisleadingthatwe'reinthemiddleofthecity.Youcandieuphere,

andnoonewouldknow."

OnehikerwhoreceivedCullymore'swateragrees."Youthinkyouknowtheheat?butthenyougetout

hereinthedesertanditsurroundsyoulikeablanket,"hesaid,pointingtoCullymore,"butwearelucky,we

runintothisgoodmanhere?"Andwiththat,theWaterAngelgoesinsearchofanotherhikerinneed.

(1)Whatisthepurposeofthesignsalongthehikeway?

A.lbshowthetrekisdifficult.B.Towarnhikerstolakeenoughwater.

C.Tofrightenpeople(ogiveup.D.Toavoidhikersgettinglost.

(2)WhatdoesScottCullymonethinkofhisnickname?

A.It'swomanish.B.It'smanly.C.It'sironic.D.It'sappropriate.

(3)WhowillScottofferhishelpto?

A.Anybodyhemeets.B.Thoseinthemiddleofthetrek.

C.Anyoneinneedofwater.D.Thosewhosweatalot.

(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?

A.ADesert-LikeMountainB.FightingagainstHeatC.NecessitiesforHikingD.WaterAngel

【考點(diǎn)】人文.地理類閱讀：說明文閱讀.

【分析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了Cullymore免費(fèi)給登山者送冷藏飲用水的故事.

【解答】(1)B.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第一段中“Signswarnthatthetrailisnextremelydifficult.Ifyoucontinue,

apostedchecklistsuggestsatleastaliterofwaterperperson.路標(biāo)警告說,這條路"非常困難"，如果你繼續(xù)，

張貼的檢查表建議每人至少要喝一升水”.可知，路途中的那些指示牌告誡人們這條路很難，需要帶足夠

的水.故選B.

(2)A.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題.根據(jù)第二段中“I'dlikeamoremanlyname我想要一個(gè)更有男子氣概的名字”，說明

他認(rèn)為theWaterAngel這個(gè)名字有點(diǎn)兒女孩氣.A.It'swomanish女孩氣；B.It'smanly有男子漢氣概

的;C.It'sironic諷刺的;D.It'sappropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?故選A.

(3)C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段中"Ifahikerhasaredfaceandisnotsweatinganymore?Cullymorereaches

intohisinsulatedbackpack,pullsoutafrostybottle,andhandsittotheperson.如果一個(gè)徒步旅行者的臉紅

了，不再出汗，卡利莫爾就會把手伸進(jìn)他的隔熱背包，拿出一個(gè)冰鎮(zhèn)的瓶子，遞給那個(gè)人.”可知，Scott

給需要的人提供水.故選C.

(3)D.標(biāo)題歸納題.本文主要講述了Cullymore為缺水的徒步旅行者送水的故事，他因此獲得“theWaler

Angel”的外號.因此用這個(gè)外號作為標(biāo)題，很切題意.故選D.

Passage4.(2020?漢中模擬)

Evenifyou'veneverbeenloPhoenix,youknowthisabouttheplace：It'shot.Butthatdoesn'tstop

hikersfromattemptingthe1.3-miletrek(跋涉)lo(helopof(hecity'sfamedCamelbackMountain.Signs

warnthatthetrailis"extremelydifficult."Ifyoucontinue,apostedchecklistsuggestsatleastaliterofwater

perperson.Andifyoukeepclimbing,anothersignfartherupdeclares："Ifyou'rehalfwaythroughyour

water,turnaround!n

Unfortunately,manypeopledonotpayattentiontothewarnings.Fortunately,ScottCullymore

does.The53-year-oldmanhikesupanddownCamelbackacoupleoftimesaday,givingoutcoldbottles

ofwatertoworn-outhikers.Hehashelpedsomanyhikersthathehasearnedaheavenlynickname：the

WaterAngel."I'dlikeamoremanlyname,but,youknow,"hetoldazfamily,com.

CullymorewasonCamelbackMountainonedayin2015whenaBritishtouristdiedafterbeinglostfor

nearlysixhoursintheJulyheat.Thatexperienceinspiredhimtostarthelpingpeoplecaughtunawareby

Arizona'sunforgivingversionofMotherNature."Theyunderestimatethemountain,andtheyoverestimate

what(heycando,andtheygetthemselvesin(rouble,"hetoldtheArizonaRepublic.Ifahikerhasaredface

andisnotsweatinganymore,Cullymorereachesintohisinsulated(隔熱的)backpack,pullsoutafrosty

boule,andhandsitto(heperson."It'smisleadingthatwe'rein(hemiddleofthecity.Youcandieuphere?

andnoonewouldknow."

OnehikerwhoreceivedCullimore'swateragrees."Youthinkyouknowtheheat,bu(thenyougetout

hereinthedesertanditsurroundsyoulikeablanket,"hesaid,pointingtoCullymore,"butwearelucky,

werunintothisgoodmanhere."Andwiththat,theWaterAngelgoesinsearchofanotherhikerinneed.

(1)Whatisthepurposeofthesignsalong(hehikeway?

Toshowthetrekisdifficult.D.Towarnhikerstotakeenoughwater.

C.Tofrightenpeopletogiveup.D.Toavoidhikersgettinglost.

(2)WhatdoesScottCullymonechinkofhisnickname?

It'swomanish.B.It'smanly.C.Il'sironic.D.It'sappropriate.

(3)WhowillScottofferhishelp(o?

A.Anybodyhemeets.B.Thoseinthemiddleofthetrek.

C.Anyoneinneedofwater.D.Thosewhosweatalot.

(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?

A.ADesert-LikeMountainB.FightingagainstHeat

C.NecessitiesforHikingD.WaterAngel

【考點(diǎn)】人文地理類閱讀：說明文閱讀.

【分析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了Cullymore免費(fèi)給登山者送冷藏飲用水的故事.

【解答】（1）B.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第一段中"Signswarnthatthetrailis"cxtrcmclydifficult.Ifyoucontinue,

apostedchecklistsuggestsatleastaliterofwaterperperson."路標(biāo)警告說，這條路"非常困難"，如果你繼續(xù)，

張貼的檢查表建議每人至少要喝一升水.可知，路途中的那些指示牌告誡人們這條路很難，需要帶足夠

的水.故選B.

（2）A.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題.根據(jù)第二段中“rdlikeamoremanlyname”我想要一個(gè)更有男子氣概的名字，說明

他認(rèn)為theWaterAngel這個(gè)名字有點(diǎn)兒女孩氣.A.It'swomanish女孩氣；B.It'smanly有男子漢氣概

的；C.Il'sironic諷刺的；D.It'sappropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?故選A.

（3）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段中"Ifahikerhasaredfaceandisnotsweatinganymore,Cullymorereaches

intohisinsulatedbackpack,pullsoutafrostybottle,andhandsittotheperson."如果一個(gè)徒步旅行者的臉

紅了，不再出汗，卡利莫爾就會把手伸進(jìn)他的隔熱背包，拿出一個(gè)冰鎮(zhèn)的瓶子，遞給那個(gè)人.可知，Scott

給需要的人提供水.故選C.

⑶D.標(biāo)題歸納題.本文主要講述了Cullymore為缺水的徒步旅行者送水的故事，他因此獲得“theWater

Angel”的外號.因此用這個(gè)外號作為標(biāo)題，很切題意.故選D.

Passage5.（2020?泰安二模）

Theoceancoversover70percentofthesurfaceofEarthtoday,butover3billionyearsagotheentire

planetmayhavebeencoveredinwater.Toinvestigatewhatourplanetwaslikebillionsofyearsago,ateam

ofresearchersturnedtoindirectmethodsofanalysisalageologicalsiteintheAustralianOutbackknownas

Panorama（全景畫）inthePilbaraCraton.Today,theregionis100kilometersinland,but3.2billion

yearsago,itwasdeepunderwater.

Infact,therewerealsoonceancienthydrothermalvents（熱水口）therewhereseawaterbubbledup

throughtheoceanfloor."Therearcnosamplesofreallyancientoceanwaterlyingaround,butwedohave

rocksthatinteractedwiththatseawaterandrememberedthatinteraction,*'leadauthorBenjaminJohnson,an

assistantprofessoratIowaStateUniversity,saidinastatement.

Theresearcherscollectedover100oftheserocksamplesandfoundsomethingpeculiarinthem：aslightly

higheramountofaparticularisolope（同位素）ofoxygen.TlievastmajorityofoxygenonEarthisOxygen

-16andcontainseightprotons（質(zhì)子）andeightneutrons.However,about0.20percentisOxygen-18.

SamplesfromAustraliashowtheregion'sancientwatercontainedmoreOxygen-18thanpresent

times.Sincecontinentsarecoveredinclay-richsoilthatisefficientattrappingOxygen-18,theteam

suggeststhatwithoutcontinentscoveredinsoil,moreOxygen_18wouldhavebeenpresentinthe

ocean.Theirdiscoveryindeedsuggeststherewasn'tmuchdrylandavailable3.24billionyearsago.

"There'snothinginwhatwe'vedonethatsaysyoucan'thavetiny,micro-continentsstickingoutofthe

oceans,"addedco-authorBoswellWing."Wejustdon'tthinktherewereglobal-scaleformationsof

continentalsoilslikewehavetocay."Theresearchersdon'tkrowwhenandhowcontinentsbegantoemerge

outoftheoceanbuttheyplantoinvestigate"younger"rockformationstopiecetogetheramorepreciselimeline.

（1）Whereistheresearchsite?

A.Inaregiondeepunderwater.B.InaregionoffAustralia.

C.InaregioninlandAustralia.D.InaregionoutsidethePilbaraCraton.

(2)Whatdotheunderlinedwords"interactwith'*inParagraph2mean?

A.Haveaneffectoneachother.B.Haveaone-wayeffect.

C.Haveamysteriouseffect.D.Haveanegativeeffect.

(3)What'stheresearchers'conclusionafteranalyzingsamplesfromAustralia?

A.Modernearthmusthavebeenawaterworld.B.Modernearthmusthavebeenacontinentalworld.

C.Ancientearthmayhavebeenawaterworld.D.Ancientearthmayhavebeenacontinentalworld.

(4)What'stheresearchers'nextfocusofthestudy?

A.lbresearchcontinentalsoils*formations.B.lbresearchtheocean'sformations.

C.Toresearch"older"rockformations.D.Toresearch"younger"rockformations.

【考點(diǎn)】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀.

【分析】本文為說明文.研究表明，30億年前整個(gè)地球可能被水覆蓋.本文就此觀點(diǎn)提出了研究證據(jù).但

是研究人員不知道大陸何時(shí)以及如何開始從海洋中出現(xiàn)，他們計(jì)劃調(diào)查更年輕的巖層，以拼湊出更精確

的時(shí)間軸.

【解答】(DC.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由題干theresearchsite可以鎖定第一段第二句"Toinvestigatewhatourplanet

waslikebllionsofyearsago,ateamofresearchersturnedtoindirectmethodsofanalysisatageologicalsitein

theAustralianOutbackknownasPanorama(全景畫)inthePilbaraCraton",由此可知，研究地點(diǎn)在澳大

利亞內(nèi)陸的一個(gè)地區(qū).故選C

(2)A.詞義猜測題.根據(jù)劃線詞所在的句子"Therearenosamplesofreallyancientoceanwaterlyingaround,

butwedohaverocksthatinteractedwiththatseawaterandrememberedthatinteraction”前半句句意可知，周圍

沒有真正的古代海水樣本，但是我們確實(shí)有巖石與海水相互作用(interacl),此處inieracledwiththat

seawater意為”巖石與海水之間相互作用”，故選A.

(3)C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第四段SamplesfromAustraliashowtheregion'sancientwatercontainedmore

Oxygen-18thanpresentlime-theteamsuggeststhatwithoutcontinentscoveredinsoil,moreOxygen-

18wouldhavebeenpresentintheocean.Theirdiscoveryindeedsuggeststherewasn'tmuchdrylandavailable

3.24bllionyearsago.可知，來自澳大利亞的樣本顯示，該地區(qū)古代的水比現(xiàn)在含有更多的氧-18.研

究小組認(rèn)為，如果大陸上沒有蜀蓋著土壤，那么海洋中可能存在更多的氧-18.他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)確實(shí)表明，

在32.4億年前，地球上沒有多少干爆的土地.因此，古代地球可能是一個(gè)水的世界，故選C.

（4）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)最后一段"Theresearchersdon'tknowwhenandhowcontinentsbegantoemergeout

oftheoceanbuttheyplantoinvestigate"younger0rockformationstopiecetogetheramoreprecisetimeline."

可知，研究人員不知道大陸何時(shí)以及如何開始從海洋中出現(xiàn)，但他們計(jì)劃調(diào)查更年輕的巖層，以拼湊出

更精確的時(shí)間軸.研究人員為了弄清楚大陸何時(shí)以及如何開始從海洋中出現(xiàn)，下一個(gè)重點(diǎn)是研究更年輕

的巖層，故選D.

Passage6.（2020?湖北模擬）

ThehugeFloridawetlandknownastheEvergladesisaslov/-movingriver80kilometerswidebutonlya

fewcentimetersdeep.PeoplecalltheEvergladesa"riverofgrass"becausesawgrasscoversmostof

it.Sawgrassisnotreallygrass.Itisaplantthathasleavesedgedwithtinysharpteeththatcaneasilycut

throughclothes-andskin!

TravelintheEvergladesisdifficult.Youcannotwalkthroughshallowwaterbecausethesawgrasswillcut

you.Thewateristooshallowforregularboats.So,weuseanairboat.Anairboatisaflat,open

boat.Likeanairplane,ithasabigpropellertomoveit.Thepropellerisfixedontherearoftheboat.It

makesaloudnoisebutitdoesthejob.Theboatskimsalongthewater'ssurface.Althoughwecanstillgetlost

manairboat,atleastweareabovethealligators（短吻鱷）.

Foralonglime,dangershavethreatenedtheEverglades.Around1900,somepeoplefeltthisprecious

wetlandshouldbedrained（排干）.Theysaiditwasjustabigswampandnotgoodfbranything.Inthe1920s,

（herewasalandboominFlorida.Peoplewantedtobuildhomeseverywhere,includinginthe

Everglades.Theybuiltcanals,levees,andotherwatersystemsthatstoppedtheriversflowingintothe

Everglades.Factorieswerebuiltnearriversthatflowedintothewetland.Thesefactoriespouredpoisonous

wastethatdamagedtheenvironmentoftheeverglades.

PeoplearcnowworkingtopreservetheEvergladesNationalParkforthefuture.Rightnowonebig

problemisthepaperbarktree.ThistreeisaninvaderfromAustralia.

Paperbarktreessoakupalotofwater,intheearly1900s,peoplebroughtthemtoFloridabecausethey

thoughttheywouldhelpdraintheEverglades.However,theinvadersadaptedtoowell.Paperbarktreeshave

takenoverhundredsofthousandsofacresoftheevergladesandkilledothertrees.Scientistsarecuttingdown

thesetreesorsprayingthemwithherbicidestokillthem.

(1)Whatpossiblycause(s)airboatstogetlostintheEverglades?

A.Thesawgrass.B.Thevastriver.C.Thealligators.D.Theshallowwater.

(2)Whydoairboatstake(heplaceofnormalboats?

A.Becausetheycanmovefaster.B.Becausetheirnoisefrightensthealligators.

C.Becausetheyhaveflatbottoms.D.Becausetheycarrymorepassengers.

(3)HowdidpeopletrytodraintheEverglades?

A.BycuttingdowntreesB.Bybuildingfactories.

C.Bygrowingsawgrass.D.Bydiggingwaterchannels.

(4)Whichcategorydoestheunderlinedword“herbicides"inthelastparagraphbelongto?

A.Seeds.B.Poisons.C.Crops.D.Paints.

【考點(diǎn)】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀.

【分析】本文主要介紹了美國著名的佛羅里達(dá)濕地Everglades,以及人們保護(hù)這塊濕地的有關(guān)情況.

【解答】(1)A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第二段的TravelintheEvergladesisdifficult.Youcannotwalkthrough

shallowwaterbecausethesawgrasswillcutyou.在大沼澤地旅行是很困難的.你不能走過淺水區(qū)，因?yàn)殇?/p>

草會把你割傷.可知，汽船可能會迷路因?yàn)橛泻芏噤忼X草，故選A.

(2)C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段的So,weuseanairboat.Anairboatisaflat,openboat.所以，我

們用的是氣墊船.氣墊船是一種平的，開著的船.可知，氣墊船代替了普通的船，因?yàn)樗鼈冇衅降?故

選C.

(3)D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段Theybuiltcanals,levees,andotherwatersystemsthatstoppedtherivers

flowingintotheEverglades.他們修建運(yùn)河、堤壩和其他水系，阻止河流流入大沼澤地.可「知，人們試圖

通過挖水道把沼澤地排干.故選D.

(4)B.詞義猜測題.根據(jù)最后一段的Scientistsarccuttingdownthesetreesorsprayingthemwithherbicides

(okillthem.科學(xué)家們正在砍倒這些樹或用除草劑噴灑以殺死它們.可知,"herbicides"是?種毒

藥.A.Seeds.種子；B.Poisons.毒藥：C.Crops.作物；D.Paints.油漆.故選B.

Passage7.(2020?珠海三模)

Chengdu,thecapitalofSichuanprovince,hasanancientcompetitionwithChongqing,acitytoits

south-east.ResidentsofChongqingaccusedtheirChengducousinsofbeingpompous(自大的).The

peopleofChongqingwerehotheads,Chengduresidentsshotback.Bothcitiessharealoveofspice-laden

Sichuancuisine,whichinrecentdecadeshasoccupiedChinesedinnertables.Buttheyarcatwarover

whichhasthebestSichuanhotpot-atypeofDIY-cookingthatinvolvesboilingvegetablesandslicesof

meatwithchilliesandnumbingpeppercorns.

AprivatemuseuminChongqing,openedseveralyearsago,makesthecasefortheChongqing-style

hotpot.Itdescribeshowitdevelopedfromamethodusedtomakecheapoffeutsofmeattastedelicious.But

Chengduisplayingcatch-up.InJanuarythecitysoldaplotoflandonconditionthatthedeveloperbuilda

holpotmuseumonpartofi(.

ThetwocitiesareamongmanyinChinawiththeirownstylesofhotpot.HotpotrestaurantsinChinaare

moreprofitablethanotherkinds.Haidilao,awell-knownSichuan-basedholpolchain,raisednearly

$Ibnwhenitwaslistedon(heHongKongStockExchange(股票交易所)inSeptember.

NotallChinesewarmtohotpot.SomeolderSichuaneserefusetobeconnectedwithit.Theycomplain

thatitiscausingoveruseofchilliinotherdishesthatcoveruptheoriginalgenuineflavours.

ButChengdu'splansforamuseumsuggestthatSichuanhotpotisnotonlygrowinginpopularity,butis

alsobecomingsymbolic.IfitcansettheWestonfire,officialsmayhopeitwillbecomeadeliciousnew

sourceofChinesesoftpower.TherewillbeplentyofgloryforbothChengduandChongqingtotakeprideinif

thathappens.

(1)WhyareChengduandChongqingcompetingwitheachother?

A.BecauseChengdupeoplethinkChongqingpeoplearepompous.

B.BecauseChengduresidentsliketoshootbackinbattles.

C.Becausetheyboththinktheyarebetterateatingspicyfood.

D.BecausetheybothbelievetheyhavethebestSichuanhotpot.

(2)WhatisthepurposeofbuildingahotpotmuseuminChengdu?

A.TocompetewithChongqing.B.ToadvertiseSichuancuisine.

C.Toshowiheirloveforhotpot.D.Tokeep(hehotpottradition.

(3)Whatcanweinferabouthotpotfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thetwocitieshavecompetedonlyinrecentdecades.B.Morehotpotmuseumswillbebuiltinthefuture.

C.HotpotisalreadyasourceofChinesesoftpower.D.Peopleholdahighexpectationforhotpotculture.

(4)Whichcanbeasuit