2021-2022學(xué)年陜西省咸陽市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期11月月考英語試題本試卷分為第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分。滿分150分，考試用時120分鐘。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié),每小題1分,滿分20分）做題時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhendoesPlanetFitnessopenonholidays?A.At6a.m.B.At9a.m.C.At8a.m.2.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Arguewiththewoman.B.Payforthedamage.C.Buyanewbook.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Courseselection.B.Careerchoice.C.Lectureprofessors.4.Howdidthewomangotraveling?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.5.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahospital.B.Athome.C.Atanairport.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whyisthewomansohappy?A.Herworkwillbeshared.B.Thenewdressfitsherwell.C.Everythinghasbeenchecked.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Employerandemployee.C.Hostandguest.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatisthemainproblemwiththeman?A.Hegetspoorgrades.B.Helackssleep.CHefeelsstressedout.9.Howisthemandealingwithhisproblemnow?A.Bylisteningtomusic.B.Byrunning.C.Byswimming.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whichsportisforasuperpassmemberonly?A.Basketball.B.Golf.C.Rock-climbing.11.Howmuchdoestheswim-onlypasscost?A.$10.B.$35.C.$40.12.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutchoosingthepass?A.Excited.B.SatisfiedC.Confused.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthewoman’splanforSunday?A.Goingshopping.B.Goingcamping.C.Goingsnowboarding.14.WherewillthewomanstayinBigBear?A.Inacamp.B.Inahotel.C.Inahouse.15.Whatwillthemandoontheweekend?A.Visithisfriends.B.Readbooks.C.Jointhewoman.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’sweekend?A.It’sboring.B.It’scomforting.C.It’srelaxing.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhydidReyesGuanastayinthecarwhenhisparentswereworking?A.Hewasveryyoung.B.Hedidn'tlikeworking.C.Helookedafterbrothers.18.WhatdidReyesGuanalearnfromcleaningtheschool?A.Howtomakemoney.B.Howtorespectothers.C.Howtomoveuptheranks.19.HowmanyjobshasReyesGuanahad?A.3.B.4.C.5.20.WhatistheguideinReyesGuana’scurrentjob?A.HisMexicanorigin.B.Hislifeexperience.C.Hiscollegeeducation.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分,滿分30分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AArbeiaRomanFort(城堡)andMuseumLocationandHistoryArbeiaRomanFortissituatedonHadrian'sWall.ItwasthemostimportantstructurebuiltbytheRomansinBritain,andnowithasbeenaWorldHeritage(遺產(chǎn))Site.BuiltaroundAD160,ArbeiaRomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldierswhowerestationedalongHadrian'sWall.Theforthasbeengraduallyuncoveredandsomeoriginalpartshavebeenrevealed.TherearereconstructionsthatshowhowArbeiaRomanFortwouldhavelooked.TheReconstructionThereconstructionoftheCommandingOfficer'shouseandsoldiers'quartersarestrikinglydifferent.Theaccommodationforsoldiersisdarkanduncomfortable,whiletheCommandingOfficer'shouseisspaciousandluxurious,withcourtyardswithfountainsforhimandhisfamilytoenjoy.TheMuseumVisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime.Youwillseeweapons,tools,jewellery,andsoon.YoucanalsodiscoverhowtheRomansburiedthedeadandseetombstones(墓碑)whichsurvivetothisday.Thereisa"hands-on"areaallowingvisitorstodigonacertainsiteandstudytheirfindingswiththehelpofmuseumstaff.Youcanpiecetogetherpottery(陶器),ortrywritingjustastheRomanswouldhavedone.Forchildren,theycanbuildthisancientRomanfortwithbuildingblocksbythemselves.OpeningTimesandHowtoGetThereApril1—October31:MondaytoSaturday10:00am—5:00pm,Sunday2:00pm—5:00pm.November1—March31:MondaytoSaturday11:00am—4:00pm,closedonSunday.(ClosedonDecember25—26andJanuary1.)Entryisfree.Arbeiaisonlyaten-minutewalkfromthebusstationatSouthShields.Carscanbeparkedfree.1.Accordingtothepassage,ArbeiaRomanFort________.A.wasamilitarybase B.gotreconstructedaroundAD160C.wasbuiltinasmallareainRome D.providedacomfortablelifeforsoldiers2.Whatcanvisitorsdointhemuseum?A.Tryusingweapons. B.Seehistoricalobjects.C.WritetoancientRomans. D.Buildtombstonesforthedead.3.Whattimedoesthemuseumclose?A.OnApril1. B.OnOctober31.C.OnNovember1. D.OnDecember26.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了旅游景點(diǎn)ArbeiaRomanFortandMuseum的位置、歷史、重建及開放時間等信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“LocationandHistory”中的“BuiltaroundAD160,ArbeiaRomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldierswhowerestationedalongHadrian’sWall”(Arbeia羅馬堡壘建于公元160年左右，是駐扎在哈德良城墻的士兵的軍事補(bǔ)給基地。)可知，ArbeiaRomanFort與軍事有關(guān)，故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheMuseum”中的“VisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime.Youwillseeweapons,tools,jewellery,andsoon.”(參觀博物館，看看在Arbeia發(fā)現(xiàn)的許多物品。它們在歷史上很重要，展示了當(dāng)時的日常生活。你會看到武器、工具、珠寶等等。)可知，游客們在這個博物館可以看見許多歷史物品，故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OpeningTimesandGettingThere”表格里的信息“MondaytoSaturday11:00am-4:00pm,closedSunday.(ClosedDecember25-26andJanuary1)”(星期一至六上午11:00-下午4:00，星期日休息。(十二月二十五日至二十六日及一月一日關(guān)閉))可知12月26日博物館關(guān)閉，故選D項(xiàng)。BEngineersatZhejiangUniversityhavecreatedChina'sfirstbrain-likecomputer,namedDarwinMouse,whichcancopythewayahumanbrainworksandsolvecomplexcalculationswhileusingasmallamountoftheenergyusedbytraditionalsupercomputers.Thoughthetechnologyisstillinitsearlystages,expertssayitcouldbeusedtorunlarge,real-timesimulations(模擬)andmakenewdiscoveriesinchemistry,medicineandneuroscience.Itcouldalsobeusedtorevolutionisecomputerdesign,leadingtomorepowerfulandefficientartificialintelligence.PanGang,aprofessorattheuniversity'sCollegeofComputerScienceandTechnology,saidneuromorphic(神經(jīng)形態(tài)的)computinghasbeenafocusoftheinternationalscientificandengineeringcommunitiesforsometimeandisconsideredoneofthekeymethodstoovercomethemajorcomputingchallengesforartificialintelligence.DarwinMouserepresenteda"majormilestoneachievement"inChina'sbrain-likecomputingtechnology.Inlate2018,theUniversityofManchesterintheUnitedKingdomupgradeditsneuromorphicsupercomputerSpiNNakertouseamillionprocessors,enablingittoperform2trillionactionsasecond.Thisallowedthemachinetorunextremelylarge-scalereal-timesimulations,suchasmodellingpartsofthebrain.DarwinMouseusessignificantlyfewerprocessorsthankstothelatestdevelopmentsinbrain-likechipsmadeinChina,allowingittoperformfarbetter.Anotheradvantageislowenergycosts.Wheninformationistransmittedonlyneuronsthatreceiveandprocessthesignalsareactivated,whileotherneuronsstayasleep,similartohowabrainworks.Asaresult,theenergyconsumptioncanbereducedtoasmallpartofthatofconventionalsupercomputers."WehopetokeepevolvingtheDarwinseriesneuromorphiccomputertowardsreachinghumanlevelsofintelligence,thusachievingmorepowerfulartificialintelligencewithsignificantlylessenergyuse.Itishopefulthatbrain-likecomputerswillmaketheirwayintoourdailylivesasthehardwareandthesoftwareforthetechnologymature,"Pansaid.4.WhichcanbeinferredaboutDarwinMouse?A.Brain-likeandeasytooperate. B.Powerfulandenergy-saving.C.Traditionalbutefficient. D.Advancedbutimpractical.5.WhyisSpiNNakermentionedinParagraph4?A.Toshowitcanrunmorecomplexsimulations.B.Toprovenocomputerscancomparewithhumanbrains.C.Tostresstheimportanceofbrain-likechips.D.TohighlighttheadvantageofDarwinMouse.6.WhatisProfessorPan'sattitudetoDarwinMouse?A.Positive. B.Sceptical. C.Tolerant. D.Objective.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.OutstandingEngineersofChinaB.TheBrain-LikeComputerMakesItsFirstAppearanceinChinaC.DarwinMouse,aFamousMouseD.ArtificialIntelligenceHasaBrightFuture【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了浙江大學(xué)的工程師們研制出中國第一臺類似大腦的計算機(jī)DarwinMouse，這臺計算機(jī)不僅功能強(qiáng)大而且非常節(jié)能。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“whichcancopythewayahumanbrainworksandsolvecomplexcalculationswhileusingasmallamountoftheenergyusedbytraditionalsupercomputers.”（它可以模仿人腦的工作方式，同時使用傳統(tǒng)超級計算機(jī)所使用的少量能量的情況下解決復(fù)雜的計算問題。）可以推斷出，DarwinMouse不僅具有強(qiáng)大的功能，而且節(jié)能。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。第四段的前半部分提到超級計算機(jī)SpiNNaker升級之后性能大大提到，后半部分講DarwinMouse和SpiNNaker進(jìn)行了對比，DarwinMouse因?yàn)槭褂昧藝a(chǎn)芯片，使用的處理器更少，性能也更好。因此該段提到超級計算機(jī)SpiNNaker是為了通過對比來突出DarwinMouse的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“DarwinMouserepresenteda"majormilestoneachievement"inChina'sbrain-likecomputingtechnology.”（DarwinMouse代表了中國類大腦計算技術(shù)的“重大里程碑成就”。）以及最后一段“WehopetokeepevolvingtheDarwinseriesneuromorphiccomputertowardsreachinghumanlevelsofintelligence,thusachievingmorepowerfulartificialintelligencewithsignificantlylessenergyuse.Itishopefulthatbrain-likecomputerswillmaketheirwayintoourdailylivesasthehardwareandthesoftwareforthetechnologymature”（我們希望繼續(xù)發(fā)展達(dá)爾文系列神經(jīng)形態(tài)計算機(jī)，使其達(dá)到人類的智能水平，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)更強(qiáng)大的人工智能，同時顯著降低能耗。隨著該技術(shù)硬件和軟件的成熟，類似大腦的計算機(jī)有望進(jìn)入我們的日常生活。）可以推斷出，ProfessorPan對DarwinMouse的態(tài)度是積極肯定的。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“EngineersatZhejiangUniversityhavecreatedChina'sfirstbrain-likecomputer,namedDarwinMouse”（浙江大學(xué)的工程師們發(fā)明了中國第一臺類似大腦的計算機(jī)，名為DarwinMouse）及全文可知，本文主要介紹了浙江大學(xué)的工程師們研制出中國第一臺類似大腦的計算機(jī)DarwinMouse。所以“TheBrain-LikeComputerMakesItsFirstAppearanceinChina”（類似大腦的計算機(jī)在中國首次出現(xiàn)）作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】閱讀理解解題步驟:首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意。因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過程中,應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料。其次,細(xì)讀題材,各個擊破。掌握全文的大意之后,細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息。要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時,要有較強(qiáng)的針對性。對于捕獲到的信息,要做認(rèn)真分析,仔細(xì)推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對題目要求,才能做到準(zhǔn)確。CMakeUpYourMindtoSucceedKind-heartedparentshaveunknowinglylefttheirchildrendefenselessagainstfailure.Thegenerationbornbetween1980and2001grewupplayingsportswherescoresandperformancewerenotveryvaluedbecause"everyone'sawinner".Andtheirreportcardssoundedmorepositivethaneverbefore.Asaresult,StanfordDweckhasbeenstudyinghowpeopledealwithfailurefor40years.Herresearchhasledhertofindouttwoclearlydifferentmindsetsthathaveagreateffectonhowwereacttoit.Here'showtheywork.Afixedmindsetissupportedbythebeliefthatthegiftisgenetic—you'reabornartistormathematician.Thefixedmindsetbelievesit'ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame(羞恥).Whenthingsgetdifficult,it'squicktoblameothers,lie,andevenstayawayfromfuturedifficulties.Ontheotherhand,agrowthmindsetbelievesthatnotalentisentirelybornandthateffortandlearningmakeeverythingpossible.Becausetheego(自我價值感)isn'tthemostimportantthing,thegrowthmindsetseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwith

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difficulty,theyarequicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,theyenjoythisexperience.Weareallbornwithgrowthmindsets.Otherwise,wewouldn'tbeabletoliveintheworld.Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintothefixedmindsetbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectedpraise.Dweck'sbook,Mindset:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,andonlineinstructionalprogramexplainthisindepth.Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthegenerationbornbetween1980and2001?A.Theydon'tdowellatschool. B.Theyareoftenmisunderstood.C.Theyareeagertowininsports. D.Theyaregiventoomuchpraise.9.Afixedmindsetpersonisprobablytheonewho________.A.doesn'twanttoworkhard B.caresalotaboutpersonalsafetyC.cannotsharehisideaswithothers D.cansucceedwiththehelpofteachers10.Whatdoesthegrowthmindsetbelieve?A.Admittingfailureisshameful. B.Thegiftcomeswithone'sbirth.C.Scoresshouldbehighlyvalued. D.Gettingoverdifficultiesisenjoyable.11.WhatshouldparentsdofortheirchildrenbasedonDweck'sstudy?A.Encouragethemtolearnfromfailure. B.Preventthemfrommakingmistakes.C.Guidethemthroughthedifficulty. D.Helpthemgrowwithpraise.【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。斯坦福大學(xué)教授Dweck經(jīng)過40年的調(diào)查研究認(rèn)為人們對待失敗有兩種不同的思維模式，這兩種思維模式對我們?nèi)绾螌Υ∮泻艽蟮挠绊憽！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asaresult,StanfordUniversityprofessorCarolDweck,PhD,callsthem“theoverpraisedgeneration”（因此，斯坦福大學(xué)教授CarolDweck博士稱他們?yōu)椤氨贿^度贊揚(yáng)的一代”）可知。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為1980年至2001年出生的一代人被給予了太多的贊揚(yáng)。故選D。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thefixedmindsetbelievesit’ssuretosucceedwithoutmucheffortandregardsfailureaspersonalshame(羞恥)”（固定式思維認(rèn)為不費(fèi)多大力氣就能成功，并將失敗視為個人的恥辱）由此可知，固定思維的人可能是不想努力工作的人。故選A。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Becausetheego(自尊)isn’tthemostimportantthing,thegrowthmindsetseesfailureasachanceratherthanshame.Whenfacedwithadifficulty,theyarequicktorethink,changeandtryagain.Infact,theyenjoythisexperience.”（因?yàn)樽宰鸩皇亲钪匾臇|西，成長型思維把失敗看成是一個機(jī)會而不是恥辱。當(dāng)面對困難時，他們會很快重新思考、改變和重試。事實(shí)上，他們享受這種體驗(yàn)）由此可知，有成長型思維的人認(rèn)為克服困難是令人愉快的。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butparents,teachers,andinstructorsoftenpushusintofixedmindsetsbyencouragingcertainactionsandmisdirectedpraise.”(但是父母、老師和指導(dǎo)者經(jīng)常通過鼓勵某些行為和錯誤的表揚(yáng)把我們推向固定的思維模式)以及“Butshesaystherearemanylittlethingsyoucanstartdoingtodaytomakesurethatyourchildren,grandchildrenandevenyouareneverdefeatedbyfailure.”(但她說，你可以從今天開始做許多小事，以確保你的孩子、孫子甚至你永遠(yuǎn)不會被失敗打敗)由此可推知，根據(jù)Dweck的研究，父母應(yīng)該鼓勵孩子從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，形成成長型思維。故選A。DYouarejustwakingupinthespringof2030.YourInternetofThingsbedroomopenssolarpowerede-windowsandplaysgentlemusicwhileyoursmartlightingdisplaysamontage(剪輯的)ofbeachfrontsunrisesfromyourrecentvacation.Yourshowerusesverylittlewaterorsoap.Itrecyclesyourgreywaterandputstheextraheatbackintoyourhome'soperatingsystem.Whileyoudress,yourartificialintelligence(Al)assistantsharesyourscheduleforthedayandplaysyourfavoritetunes.Youstillstartyourdaywithacoffeebutitcomesfromyourlotrefrigeratorwhichiscapableofprovidingacoffeehouseexperienceinyourhome.Ahotbreakfasttailoredtoyourspecificnutritionalneeds(basedonchemicalanalysisfromyourtripstothe“smarttoilet”iswaitingforyouinthekitchen.Whenit'stimetoleave,anon-demandtransportsystemhasthreecarswaitingforyou,yourwife(orhusband)andyourkids.Ontheroad,driverlesscarsandtrucksmovewithmathematicalaccuracy,withouttrafficjams,routinemaintenanceorroadrage.Accidentratesarenearzero.OnthewayyoucallyourR&Dteam,whoareenvelopingaday'sworkinShanghai.Yourlife-sizedimageisprojected(投射)intotheChinaInnovationCentreandyourcolleaguesseeyouasifyouweresittingintheroom.It’sabitsurrealforthemtoseeyouinthemorninglightgiventhatit'sdarkontheBund,Shanghai'swaterfront,thoughthenoveltydisappearsafterafewuses.Youreviewtheday'scloud-baseddatafromyourShenzhenmanufacturingcenter,yourpilotprojectinSanDiego,andyourQAteaminMelbourne.Thelargeamountsofdatasetswerecollectedinreal-timefromeverypieceofequipmentandhavebeenbeautifullysummarizedbyyourcompany'sALAllthesefacilitiesarecloselymaintainedandoperatedthroughaadvancedpredictiveanalyticsplatform.Pleasedwiththeteam'sprogress,youendthecallandeaseintoagoodbook.Thisisthefutureanditwillbeheresoonerthanyouthink.12.Howcanwedescribethelifeinthefuture?A.Artificial B.Accurate C.Remarkable D.Intelligent13.Whatcanwedointheyear2030accordingtothepassage?A.Wecanhaveabathwithoutusingwater.B.Wecandrivetoworkwithoutconcerninganyaccidents.C.Wecanenjoythecoffeehouseexperiencewithoutgoingthere.D.Wecandealwithallourworkathomewithoutturningtoothersforhelp.14.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A.Intimeorder. B.Inlogicalorder.C.Bycomparing. D.Byofferingexamples.15.What'sthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.ToattractustousetheAlsystem.B.Tointroducethelifeinthefuture.C.ToteachushowtousetheAlsystem.D.Toencourageustostudyhardforthefuture.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了2030年的生活會是什么樣子的。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。閱讀文章，并根據(jù)第一段“YourInternetofThingsbedroomopenssolarpowerede-windowsandplaysgentlemusicwhileyoursmartlightingdisplaysamontage(剪輯的)ofbeachfrontsunrisesfromyourrecentvacation.（你的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)臥室打開太陽能電動窗戶，播放輕柔的音樂，而你的智能照明顯示了你最近度假時海濱日出的剪輯畫面。）和每一段內(nèi)容的描述可知，未來的生活到處都充滿了智能，故選D。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Youstillstartyourdaywithacoffeebutitcomesfromyourlotrefrigeratorwhichiscapableofprovidingacoffeehouseexperienceinyourhome.（你仍然以咖啡開始你的一天，但它來自你的冰箱，它可以提供你家的咖啡屋體驗(yàn)。）可知，在2030年，我們不用去咖啡館就可以享受咖啡館的體驗(yàn)。故選C。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Yourshowerusesverylittlewaterorsoap.（你的淋浴用的水或肥皂很少”，第三段第一句“Youstillstartyourdaywithacoffeebutitcomesfromyourlotrefrigerator（你今天還是喝杯咖啡開始的，但是咖啡是從冰箱里出來的）”，第四段第一句“Whenit'stimetoleave,anon-demandtransportsystemhasthreecarswaitingforyou,（當(dāng)你要離開時，按需運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)有三輛車等著你，）和第五段第一句“Ontheway,youcallyourR&Dteam,whoareenvelopingaday'sworkinShanghai.（在路上，你給正在上海忙著一天工作的研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)打了電話。）”可知，作者是按時間的順序來組織行文的。故選A。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。閱讀文章，并根據(jù)最后一段“Thisisthefutureanditwillbeheresoonerthanyouthink.（這就是未來，它會比你想象的更早到來。）”可知，作者寫這篇文章主要是為了給我們介紹將來的生活。故選B。第二節(jié)

(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoTrainGuideDogsintheUKGuidedogsareabighelptoblindpeople.Aguidedoghelpsitsownercrossthestreetanddomanyotherthings.

____16____IntheUnitedKingdomitisorganizationssuchasGuideDogsthatraiseandtrainanimalsforthejob.Here'swhat'sinvolved.▲Preparetheyoungdogforitstraininginitsfirstyearbysocializingitandexposingittoavarietyofdifferentpeople,places,environments,toys,animalsandtransport.____17____Teachitsimplecommandssuchas"sit","come","wait"and"forward".▲

Movethedogtoatrainingcentrewhenitreachesoneyearofage____18____Thecoursewilldevelopitsskillsasaguidedog.Itwillbetaughttoleadapersonwhilerespondingtotheenvironmentsuchasstoopingtocheckforcarsbeforecrossingtheroad.Thedogwillbetestedbystaffmemberswhowearsomethingtocovertheireyespretendingtobeblind.▲

____19____Theadvancedleveltraininginvolvesaprocess.Thedognowguidestheblindpersonaroundbusyareasunderthesupervisionoftheinstructoruntiltheyaresatisfiedthatthedogisreadytobeaguidedogfortheblind.____20____Thentheywillworkasateam.A.Ifthedoghasdonewellatschool,itisreadytomeetitsblindowner.B.Guidedogsareassistancedogstrainedtoleadblindpeoplearound.C.Itincludesmatch-making,hardtraining,andlifetimesupport.D.Begintrainingwhentheyoungdogreachessixweeksold.E.Hereitwillreceiveacourseofreward-basedtraining.F.Movethedogontothefinalstageoftraining.G.Butitisnoteasytobecomeaguidedog.【答案】16.G17.D18.E19.F20.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國訓(xùn)練導(dǎo)盲犬的過程。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Guidedogsareabighelptoblindpeople.Aguidedoghelpsitsownercrossthestreetanddomanyotherthings.(導(dǎo)盲犬對盲人是一個很大的幫助。導(dǎo)盲犬幫助它的主人過馬路和做許多其他的事情)”以及后文“IntheUnitedKingdomitisorganizationssuchasGuideDogsthatraiseandtrainanimalsforthejob.Here'swhat'sinvolved.(在英國，是像導(dǎo)盲犬這樣的組織來飼養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練動物。下面是需要付出什么)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出要成為導(dǎo)盲犬并不容易。故G選項(xiàng)“但是成為導(dǎo)盲犬并不容易”符合語境，故選G。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Preparetheyoungdogforitstraininginitsfirstyearbysocializingitandexposingittoavarietyofdifferentpeople,places,environments,toys,animalsandtransport.(讓幼犬在第一年就做好訓(xùn)練的準(zhǔn)備，讓它社會化，讓它接觸各種不同的人、地方、環(huán)境、玩具、動物和交通工具)”以及后文“Teachitsimplecommandssuchas"sit","come","wait"and"forward".(教它一些簡單的命令，比如“坐下”、“過來”、“等待”和“向前走”)”可知，上文提到幼犬在第一年就做好訓(xùn)練的準(zhǔn)備，可知本句是在說明教授幼犬開始訓(xùn)練的時間，故D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)幼犬達(dá)到六周大時開始訓(xùn)練”符合語境，故選D。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Movethedogtoatrainingcentrewhenitreachesoneyearofage.(當(dāng)狗長到一歲時，把它送到訓(xùn)練中心)”可知，本句承接上文說明訓(xùn)練中心的作用：接受基于獎勵的培訓(xùn)課程。故E選項(xiàng)“在這里，它將接受基于獎勵的培訓(xùn)課程”符合語境，故選E。【19題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Theadvancedleveltraininginvolvesaprocess.Thedognowguidestheblindpersonaroundbusyareasunderthesupervisionoftheinstructoruntiltheyaresatisfiedthatthedogisreadytobeaguidedogfortheblind.(高級培訓(xùn)涉及一個過程。現(xiàn)在，這只狗在指導(dǎo)員的監(jiān)督下引導(dǎo)盲人在繁忙的區(qū)域附近活動，直到他們滿意這只狗可以成為盲人的導(dǎo)盲犬)”可知，后文提到經(jīng)過本階段，狗就可以成為導(dǎo)盲犬了，可知是訓(xùn)練的最后階段。故F選項(xiàng)“把狗移到訓(xùn)練的最后階段”符合語境，故選F。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thentheywillworkasateam.(然后他們將作為一個團(tuán)隊(duì)工作)”可知，后文提到導(dǎo)盲犬和主人將作為一個團(tuán)隊(duì)工作，可見是狗在訓(xùn)練學(xué)校表現(xiàn)良好，準(zhǔn)備好去見盲人主人了。故A選項(xiàng)“如果狗在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)很好，它已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好去見它的盲人主人”符合語境，故選A。第三部分英語知識運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分55分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分,滿分30分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Yearsago,Ihadaquarrelwithafriendowingtoamisunderstanding.Itwas____21____myfault,butIwasafraidtoadmitthatIwaswrong,sowedidn'tspeakforalongtime.Severalyearslaterwecameacrosseachotheranddecidedtomeetforlunch.Itwasso____22____thatwekeptmeeting.Aftertwoorthreemealstogether,Ifelt____23____toapologiseformypreviousbehaviour.Myexperienceisneverunique.Manypeople____24____apologisingbecausetheideaofadmittingtowrongbehaviourmakesthem____25____uncomfortable.Apologiesforceustoadmittoourselvesthatwedon'talways____26____ourownstandards.Wemightalsofearthatthevictimwon't____27____ourapology.Weallliketo____28____ourselvesasgoodpeople—askind,honestandconsiderate.Forthese____29____,anapologycanbeverydifficulttogive.Givenmy_____30_____,thereisnodoubtthatanapologyisavitaltoolfor_____31_____arelationshiptomakeitfunctionalagain.Usually,a(n)_____32_____apologyiscalledfor,butifthevictimisangryaboutthewrongbehaviour,itmaybemore_____33_____towait,becausetheir_____34_____maypreventthemfromacceptingourapologies.Also,adelay_____35_____anapology'seffectivenessbecauseitconveysthattheoffenderhasreflectedontheir_____36_____.Butaheartfeltapologyhasmorepowerfuleffects,whichcanimproveourmentalhealth

and

repairour_____37_____interpersonalrelationships.

_____38_____,expressingregretandacknowledgingresponsibilityareequallyvital.Without_____39_____,it'sadefenceofyouractions;withoutresponsibility,it'sanexcuse.MyfriendandIhadlunchrecently,15yearsaftermybelatedapology.Admittingthateverythinghadbeenmyfaulthelpedushealourrelationship.We'reboth_____40_____ofhavingourfriendshiptoday.21.A.hardly B.narrowly C.completely D.usually22.A.pleasant B.awkward C.ridiculous D.strange23.A.surprised B.comfortable C.terrible D.forced24.A.advise B.avoid C.appreciate D.advocate25.A.regretfully B.easily C.slightly D.terribly26.A.gobackto B.lookupto C.liveupto D.givewayto27.A.accept B.analyse C.exchange D.check28.A.serve B.view C.tell D.treat29.A.reasons B.contents C.comments D.examples30.A.need B.sense C.experience D.character31.A.developing B.rebuilding C.announcing D.practising32.A.frequent B.permanent C.immediate D.formal33.A.convenient B.effective C.adventurous D.inspiring34.A.anxiety B.curiosity C.anger D.worry35.A.discovers B.records C.supplies D.increases36.A.misdeeds B.reputations C.questions D.decisions37.A.damaged B.disturbed C.required D.disabled38.A.Instead B.Thus C.Meanwhile D.However39.A.challenge B.regret C.expression D.influence40.A.tolerant B.cautious C.enthusiastic D.appreciative【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.C31.B32.C33.B34.C35.D36.A37.A38.C39.B40.D【解析】【分析】本文是夾敘夾議文，作者多年前因?yàn)樽约旱腻e誤和朋友大吵了一架，但是因?yàn)樽髡卟桓腋说狼笇?dǎo)致兩人很多年沒有說話，到后來，作者向朋友道歉。作者在文中分析了人們不愿意道歉的原因，以及道歉的重要性。【21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年前，我和一個朋友因?yàn)檎`解而鬧翻了，那完全是我的錯，我不敢承認(rèn)我錯了，所以我們很久沒有說話。A.hardly幾乎不；B.narrowly勉強(qiáng)地；C.completely完全地；D.usually通常地。根據(jù)后文“butIwasafraidtoadmitthatIwaswrong”可知完全是作者的錯。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們可以一直見面非常令人愉快。A.pleasant令人愉快的；B.awkward尷尬的；C.ridiculous可笑的；D.strange陌生的。根據(jù)后文“thatwekeptmeeting”可知作者和朋友一直在保持見面，這是令人愉快的事情。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在我們一起吃過兩三頓飯之后，我覺得自己不得不為幾年前的行為道歉。A.surprised吃驚的；B.comfortable舒服的；C.terrible糟糕的；D.forced被迫的。自從上次鬧翻以后，作者和朋友一直保持聯(lián)系，為了避免尷尬和保持友誼，作者不得不為許多年前自己的錯誤行為道歉。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：很多人避免道歉，因?yàn)槌姓J(rèn)錯誤的想法會讓他們非常不舒服。A.advise建議；B.avoid避免；C.appreciate欣賞；D.advocate倡導(dǎo)。根據(jù)后文“uncomfortable”可推知因?yàn)槌姓J(rèn)錯誤的想法會讓他們非常不舒服，所以很多人避免道歉。故選B項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：很多人避免道歉，因?yàn)槌姓J(rèn)錯誤的想法會讓他們非常不舒服。A.regretfully遺憾地；B.easily容易地；C.slightly略微地；D.terribly非常，糟糕地。結(jié)合后文“uncomfortable”可知是指道歉讓他們感到非常（terribly）不舒服。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：道歉迫使我們向自己承認(rèn)，我們并不總是能達(dá)到自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。A.gobackto回去；B.lookupto尊敬；C.做到，liveupto不辜負(fù)；D.givewayto讓位于。根據(jù)后文“ourownstandards”可知此處指道歉會讓我們向自己承認(rèn)，我們并不總是能達(dá)到自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故選C項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們還可能擔(dān)心對方不會接受我們的道歉。A.accept接受；B.analyze分析；C.exchange交換；D.check檢查。結(jié)合上文“Wemightalsofear”可知人們不道歉還因?yàn)閾?dān)心對方不會接受自己的道歉。故選A項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都喜歡把自己看作好人——善良、善解人意、有道德。A.serve服務(wù)；B.view看作；C.tell告訴；D.treat對待。結(jié)合后文“ourselvesasgoodpeople”可知此處為短語view…as…表示“把自己看作好人”。故選B項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于這些原因，道歉是非常困難的。A.reasons原因；B.contents目錄；C.comments評論；D.examples例子。結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，上文主要分析了人們不愿意道歉的原因。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就我的經(jīng)歷而言，毫無疑問，道歉是重建關(guān)系的重要工具，可以修復(fù)關(guān)系。A.need需要；B.sense感覺；C.experience經(jīng)歷；D.character性格。根據(jù)常識及上文提到的作者和朋友鬧翻后道歉的事情可知，應(yīng)該是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷可知，道歉是重建關(guān)系的重要工具。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就我的經(jīng)歷而言，毫無疑問，道歉是重建關(guān)系的重要工具，可以修復(fù)關(guān)系。A.developing培養(yǎng)；B.rebuilding重建；C.announcing宣布；D.practicing練習(xí)。根據(jù)后文“tomakeitfunctionalagain”可知此處指重建關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通常需要立即道歉，但如果對方生氣了，那這種做法并不合適。等待可能更有效，因?yàn)閼嵟柚沽怂麄兘邮芪覀兊牡狼浮.frequent頻繁的；B.permanent永久的；C.immediate立即的；D.formal正式的。此處與后面的“wait”形成對比，指“立即道歉”，故選C項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通常需要立即道歉，但如果對方生氣了，那這種做法并不合適。等待可能更有效