語法專題九簡單句類型■陳述句陳述句是陳述一個事實或說話人的看法，它包括肯定句和否定句。1.肯定句結構：主語+謂語（實義動詞/助動詞）+其他OnSundaysweoftenhavepartiestogether.TheyareallfromAmerica.Hecanplaybasketball.2.否定句陳述句的否定式是在be動詞、助動詞或情態動詞后+not結構：主語+don’t/doesn’t+實義動詞原形主語+助動詞+not+其他Theirparentsaren’tteachers.Idon’thavelunchatschool.注意：否定句結構的其他表達方式①帶有否定詞never,hardly,little,few等的句子，本身已具有否定意義，不應再加其他否定詞。Icanhardlybelieveit.②表示其他否定意義的詞never,neither,nothing,none,nobody,nowhere等。Noteverythinggoeswell.■疑問句1.一般疑問句：可以用yes或no來回答的句子。結構：助動詞+主語+其他?Canyouplaytheguitar?Areyoustillastudent?DoessheliveinBeijing?2.特殊疑問句結構：特殊疑問句+一般疑問句?常見的疑問詞或疑問詞組有：what,who,whose,where,when,why,how,which,whattime,howold,howlong,howmany,howmuch,howoften等。HowistheweatherinBeijingtoday?Whendidyouleaveyesterday?■therebe句型Therebe結構主要用來表達“某時/某地存在某人/某物”結構：therebe+主語+其他Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.1.therebe結構的否定句和疑問句否定句：Therebe+not+主語+其他疑問句：BeThere+not+主語+其他回答：Yes,therebe./No,therebenot.Therearesomeboatsontheriver.否定句：Therearen’tanyboatsontheriver.疑問句：Arethereanyboatsontheriver?回答：Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.2.therebe結構的就近原則Therebe結構中be動詞的單復數取決于離be動詞最近的名詞的單復數。Thereisanappleandsomebananasonthetable.Therearesomebananasandanappleonthetable.■改否定句和疑問句時要注意以下幾點：肯定句中some或some的不定代詞，轉化為否定句或疑問句時用any或any的不定代詞代替。陳述句中第一人稱的代詞，在疑問句中轉化為第二人稱的代詞。肯定句中表示“也”too，在否定句中用either代替。簡單句習題：一、用所給詞的適當形式填空1.he(do)wellinEnglish?答案：Does,do。一般現在時態的一般疑問句，he是三單用助動詞does。2.Jack(go)toEnglandlastmonth?答案：Did,go。lastmonth是一般過去時時間狀語，用狹義助動詞did。3.Tom(read)Englishbooknow?答案：Is,reading。根據now判斷用現在進行時，Tom是第三人稱單數用is。4.theyhappyinthepartytwodaysago?答案：Were。根據twodaysago判斷用一般過去時，主語后有happy是形容詞，判斷用be動詞+形容詞結構。5.LinTao’sgrandma(notshow)ushisstampslastnight.答案：didn’tswim。由lastnight判斷用一般過去時，否定句用狹義助動詞did否定，其后用動詞原形。6.Theretwopensonthedeskyesterday.答案：were。由yesterday判斷用一般過去時，且此句是therebe句型符合就近原則，根據twopens判斷用were。7.Theresomebreadontheplate.答案：is。由therebe就近原則可判斷，somebread不可數用is。8.There(not)anymilkinthebottlejustnow.答案：wasn’t。此句是therebe句型的否定結構，justnow是一般過去時的時間狀語，milk又是不可數名詞。二、單選題1.—areyou? —I’mLiPeipei.A.What B.Who C.Whose答案：B。根據答句LiPeipei判斷問人物，用特殊疑問詞who。2.—areyougoing? —I’mgoingtothelibrary.A.Where B.Which C.What答案：A。根據答句thelibrary判斷問地點，用特殊疑問詞where。3.skirtisyours,theredoneortheblueone?A.What B.Which C.Whose答案：B。由theredoneortheblueone來判斷詢問哪一個，用特殊疑問詞which。4.—bikeisit? —It’shisbike.A.What B.Which C.whose答案：C。根據答句可判斷，詢問所屬對象，用特殊疑問詞whose。5.teadidyouhave?A.Howmany B.Howmuch C.Howoften答案：B。句子名詞tea不可數，故用howmuch來提問。6.Theresomebreadonthebag.A.is B.are C.be答案：A。由somebread的不可數性和therebe的就近原則判斷，用be動詞的單數形式。7.Thereapenandtwobooksonthedesk.A.is B.are C.be答案：A。由apen和therebe的就近原則判斷，用be動詞的單數形式。8.Theretwobooksandapenonthedesk.A.is B.are C.be答案：B。由twobooks和therebe的就近原則判斷，用be動詞的復數形式。9.Thereabirdinthetreeyesterday.A.is B.was C.had答案：B。由abird和therebe的就近原則判斷，用be動詞的單數形式，且句尾yesterday判斷用一般過去時。10.isthereonthetable?A.Howmanyapples B.Howmuchbread C.howmanyfood答案：B。由is判斷該句中的名詞時單數可數或不可數，由選項判斷只能是howmuchbread。三、用疑問詞或疑問詞組填空1.—areyou? —I’madriver.2.—areyou? —I’mAlice.3.—isit? —It’samapofChina.4.—areyou? —I’mten.5.—isthedress? —It’sgreen.6.—arethey? —Theyareintheclassroom.7.—arethebook? —Theyaretwentyyuan.8.—isyourbirthday? —OnJune13th.9.—booksarethereonthedesk? —Therearetwobooks.10.—coatisit? —It’sJack’s.11.—isitnow? —It’stentoten.12.—areyou? —I’mfine.答案：1.What2.Who3.What4.Howold5.Whatcolor6.Where7.Howmuch8.WhenHowmany10.Whose11.Whattime12.How四、變換句型1.Hehasthreebeautifulpens.否定句：一般疑問句：劃線部分提問：答案：Hedoesn’thavethreebeautifulpens.Doeshehavethreebeautifulpens?Whatdoeshehave?2.Theywerealllateforthemeeting.否定句：一般疑問句：答案：Theyweren’talllateforthemeeting.Weretheyalllateforthemeeting?3.SheusuallydoessomehouseworkonSundays.否定句：一般疑問句：劃線部分提問：答案：Shedoesn’tusuallydoanyhouseworkonSundays.DoessheusuallydoanyhouseworkonSundays?Whendoessheusuallydoanyhousework?4.Wecanfinishtheworktoday.否定句：一般疑問句：回答：答案：Wecan’tfinishtheworktoday.Canyoufinishtheworktoday?Yes,wecan./No,wecan’t.5.Myfathermadeabigkiteformelastweekend.否定句：一般疑問句：劃線部分提問：