專升本英語（閱讀理解）模擬試卷27

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題1.0分，共25分。）

Supposewcbuiltarobot（機(jī)揩人）toexploretheplanetMarsWeprovidetherobotwith

seeingdetectorstokeepitawayfromdanger.Itispoweredentirelybythesun.Should

weprogramtherobottobeequallyactiveatalltimes?No.Therobotwouldbeusingup

energyatatimewhenitwasnotreceivingany.Sowewouldprobablyprogramitto

ceaseitsactivityatnightandtowakeupatdawnthenextmorning.Accordingtothe

evolutionarytheoryofsleep,evolutionequippeduswitharegularpatternofsleepingand

wakingforthesamereason.Thetheorydoesnotdenythatsleepprovidessomeimportant

restorativefunctions.Itmerelysaysthatevolutionhasprogrammedustoperform（hose

functionsatatimewhenactivitywouldbeinefficienlandpossiblydangerous.However,

sleepprotectsusonlyfromthesortoftroublewemightwalkinto;itdoesnotprotectus

fromtroublethatconieslookingforus.Sowesleepwellwhenweareinafamiliar,safe

place,butwesleeplightly,ifatall,whenwefearthatbearswillnoseintothetent.The

evolutionarytheoryaccountswellfordifferencesinsleepamongcreatures.Whydocats,

forinstance,sleepsomuch,whilehorsessleepsolittle?Surelycatsdonotneedfive

timesasmuchrepairandrestorationashorsesdo.Butcatscanaffordtohavelong

periodsofinactivitybecausetheyspendlittletimeeatingandarcunlikelytobeattacked

whiletheysleep.Horsesmustspendalmostalltheirwakinghourseating,becausewhat

theyeatisverylowinenergyvalue.Moreover,theycannotaffordtosleeptoolongor

toodeeply,becausetheirsurvivaldependsontheirabilitytorunawayfromattackers.

1、Theauthorusestheexampleoftherobotinspaceexplorationtotellus.

A^（hedifferencebetweenrobotsandmen

B、thereasonwhymenneedtosleep

C、abouttheneedforrobotstosavepower

D^aboutthedangerofmenworkingatnight

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通過閱讀文章可知作者通過引用機(jī)器人探索太空的例子來說明機(jī)器人

也需要休息來進(jìn)行能量補(bǔ)充，從而引出下面的話題，說明人類為什么需要睡眠，故

選B。

2、Evolutionhasprogrammedmantosleepatnightchieflytohelphim.

A、maintainaregularpatternoflife

B、preventtroublethatcomeslookingforhim

C、avoiddangerandinefficientlabor

D、restorehisbodilyfunctions

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段中：Thetheorydoesnotdenythatsleepprovidessome

importantrestorativefunctions.Itmerelysaysthatevolutionhasprogrammedusto

performthosefunctionsatatimewhenactivitywouldbeinefficientandpossibly

dangerous,可知人們?cè)谝归g休息主要是因?yàn)橥黹g活動(dòng)效率低下，而且可能很危

險(xiǎn)。故C正確。

3、Accordingtotheauthor,wecannotsleepwellwhenwe.

A、arcworryingaboutoursafety

B、areoverworked

C、areinatent

D、areawayfromhome

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第二段最后一句指出在一個(gè)熟悉、安全的地方我們能夠睡得很

好，但當(dāng)擔(dān)心會(huì)有野熊襲擊時(shí)就會(huì)睡得很輕，即當(dāng)我們擔(dān)心安全問題時(shí)就會(huì)睡不

好。故選A。

4、Catssleepmuchmorethanhorsesdopartlybecausecats.

A、needmoretimeforrestoration

B、areunlikelytobeattacked

C、aremoreactive(hanhorseswhentheyareawake

D、spendlesstimeeatingtogetenoughenergy

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第三段中Butcatscanaffordtohavelongperiodsofinactivity

becausetheyspendlittletimeeatingandareunlikelytobeattackedwhilethey

sleep.Horsesmustspendalmostalltheirwakinghourseating,becausewhattheycatis

verylowinenergyvalue,可知D為正確答案。

5、Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?

A^Evolutionhasequippedallcreatureswitharegularpatternofsleepingandwaking.

B、Thestudyofsleepisanimportantpartoftheevolutionarytheory.

C、Sleepingpatternsmustbetakenintoconsiderationinthedesigningofrobots.

Thesleepingpatternofalivingcreatureisdeterminedby(hefooditeats.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通過理解全文可知文章主要講了進(jìn)化論使所有生物都有一個(gè)固定的休

息和工作模式。只有A項(xiàng)描述與主旨貼近。故選A。

Ifinditwholesometobealonethegreaterpailofthetime.Tobeincompany,evenwith

thebest,issoonwearisomeanddissipating,andIneverfoundacompanionso

companionableassolitude.Weareforthemostpartmorelonelywhenwegoabroadthan

whenwestayinourchambers”,forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspacethat

intervenebetweenamanandhisfellows.Thefarmer,whocanworkaloneallday

withoutfeelinglonesome,hutmustrecreatewithothersatnight,wondershowthe

studentcansitaloneatnight;hedoesnotrealizethatthestudent,thoughinthehouse,is

actuallyatworkinhisfieldandchoppinghiswoodasthefarmerwasinhis.Societyis

commonlytoocheap.Wemeetatveryshortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireany

newvalueforeachother;wemeetatmealsthreetimesadayandgiveeachotheranew

tasteofthatmustyoldchccscthatwcarc;welivethickandarcineachother'sway,andI

thinkthatwethuslosesomerespectforoneanother.Wehavehadtoagreeonacertain

setofroles,calledetiquetteandpoliteness,tomakethisfrequentmeetingtolerable.

Certainlylessfrequencywouldsufficeforallimportantandheartycommunications

betweenmen.Itwouldbebetteriftherewerebutoneinhabitant(oasquaremile,as

whereIlive,fbrasthevalueofamanisnotinhisskin,weneednottouchhim.

6、Amancanbelonelyinacrowdbecause.

A、lonelinessdoesn'lmeanbeingalone

B、manalwayswantstowork

C、solitudeinvolvesspacethatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows

D^lonelinesscomesfromlackofheartycommunication

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段中…forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspace

thatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows,可知孤獨(dú)不是由空間距離造成的，隱

含的意思是孤獨(dú)來自于缺少心靈的溝通，故D為正確答案。

7、Theauthorusestheexampleofthefarmerandthestudenttoshowthat.

A、menneedrecreationaftertheirwork

B、menarenotlonelywhentheyareworking

C、solitudeisnecessary,forastudent

D、peoplehavedifferentconceptionsofsolitude

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第三段指出農(nóng)民可以一整天地工作而不會(huì)感到孤單，但他卻很奇

怪為什么一個(gè)學(xué)生能夠在晚上一個(gè)人獨(dú)自靜坐，因?yàn)樗麤]有意識(shí)到學(xué)生其實(shí)和他一

樣，也是在工作，所以他也不會(huì)感到孤單。

8^Whentheauthorsays:"Societyiscommonlytoocheap",hemeansthat.

A^wemeetnotfrequentlyenough

B,weeatcheapfoodandliveasimplelife

C^ourlivesaresoregular

D、peopledonothaveenoughheartycommunicationtorealizethevalueinotherpeople

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第匹段中Societyiscommonlytoocheap：Wcmeetatvery

shortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireanynewvaluefbreachother,故選Do

9、Theauthor'sopiniononthevalueofamanisthat.

A^itisunderestimatedbytherulesofetiquetteandpoliteness

B、itcanbediscoveredthroughfrequentphysicalcontacts

C、itcanbefoundinaman'sappearance

D^itdoesn'tlieinphysicalcontact

12、WhichproblemisNotmentionedinthearticle?

A^Difficultiesindiggingthecoal.

B、Pollutionoftheenvironrrient.

C、Whathappenswhenthecoalisusedup.

D、Insufficientrailfacilities.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由第四段中muchofthiscoalisnotcasytogetwithpresenttechnologyor

atpresentprices排除A選項(xiàng)，由第五段第一、笫二苞話排除B、D選項(xiàng)，故選C。

13、Whichcountryhasthelargestshareofknownworldcoalreserves?

A^China.

B、TheUnitedStates.

C、TheformerSovietUnion.

D^Thearticledoesn'ttellus.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由第三段中WhiletheUnitedStaleshasthelargestshare-morethana

quarterofthe786billiontonsofknownworldcoalreserves,故選B0

14、HowmuchcoaldoestheUnitedStateshaveinknownccalreserves?

A、786billiontons.

B、1.7bill沁ntons.

C、Nearly200billiontons.

D、3,000biWontons.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第三段第一句話WhilethcUnitcdStateshasthelargestshare-

morethanaquarterofthe786billiontonsofknownworldcoalreserves,可知786x1/

4=196.5,故選C。

15、According(o(hepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

A^TheU.S.hasabout1.7trilliontonsofcoalatdepthsofmorethan3,000feet.

B、Scientiststhinkthatallcoalreserveshavebeenfoundout.

C、Allcoaliseasytogetbecausewehavemoderntechnology.

D、TheU.S.andChinaproducealmostequalamountsofcoal.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句話boththeSovietUnionandChinaproduce

almostasmuchcoalastheU.S.does,可知D為正確答案。

"Congralulalions,Mr.Jones,it'sagirl."Fatherhoodisgoingtohaveadifferentmeaning

andbringforthadifferentresponsefromeverymanwhohearsthesewords.Somefeel

pridewhentheyreceivethenews,whileothersworry,wonderingwhethertheywillbe

goodfathers.Althoughtherearesomemenwholikechildrenandmayhavehad

considerableexperiencewiththem,othersdonotparticularlycareforchildrenandspend

littletimewiththem.Manyfathersandmothershavebeenplanningandlookingforward

(ochildrenforsomelime.Forothercouples,pregnancywasanaccident(hatboth

husbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly.Whateverthereactiontothe

birthofachild,itisobviousthattheshiftfromtheroleofhusbandtothatoffatherisa

difficulttask.Yet,unfortunately,fewattemptshavebeenmadetoeducatefathersinthis

re-socializationprocess.AlthoughnumerousbookshavebeenwrittenaboutAmerican

mothers,onlyrecentlyhasliteraturefocusedontheroleofafather.Itisarguedbysome

writersthatthetransitiontothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatas

thetransitionthewifemustmaketoihemother'srole.Themother'sroleseemstorequire

acompletetransformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation,ontheother

hand,thefather'sroleislessdemandingandimmediate.However,even(houghwe

meniioned(hefactthatgrowingnumbersofwomenareworkingoutsidethehome,the

fatherisstillthoughtbymanyasthebreadwinnerinthehousehold.

16^Accordingtotheauthor,beingafather.

A、bringsafeelingofexcitementtosomemen

B、hasadifferentmeaningforthosewhohavedaughters

C、makessomemenfeelproudandothersuneasy

D^meansnothingbutmoreresponsibilities

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第一段中Somefeelpridewhentheyreceivethenews,while

othersworry,wonderingwhether(heywillbegoodfathers?可知當(dāng)知道自己快要成

為父親時(shí)，有些男人會(huì)感到很自豪，而有些男人卻會(huì)感到擔(dān)憂、不自在，故C為

正確答案。

17、Itisstatedinthepassagethat.

A^someparentsarenotpreparedtohaveachild

B、youngcouplesdonotlikechildrenatall

C、workingcouplesdonothavemuchtimetotakecareoftheirchildren

D、manyparentslookforward(ohavingaboyastheirfirstchild

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句話Forothercouples,pregnancy(懷孕)wasan

accidentthatbothhusbandandwifehaveacceptedwillinglyorunwillingly,可知有些

夫婦還沒有做好生小孩的思想準(zhǔn)備，故A為正確答案.

18、Inthesecondparagraph,theauthor.

A、criticizesfathersfornottakingenoughresponsibilitiesinbringinguptheirchildren

B、excuses(heAmericanwritersforignoringthedifficultiesofbeingafather

C、supportstheideathatthechiefroleofafatheristoearnmoneyforthefamily

D^complainsaboutthelackofsocialprogramslohelphusbandsadjustthemselvesto

beingafather

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:文章第：段提到“Althoughtherearcsomemenwholikechildrenand

mayhavehad...spendliillelimewiththem.”可知作者持批評(píng)態(tài)度,故選A。

19、Thetransitiontothemoiher'srolerequiresthatthewife.

A^changeherlifestyleinahighlyinnovativeway

B、makeacompletechangeinhereverydaylifetodealwiththenewsituation

C、stayathometotakecareofthebaby

D、helpherhusbandinhisrc-socializationprocess

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知以點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第匹段中Themother'sroleseemstorequireacomplete

transformationindailyroutineandhighlyinnovativeadaptation,故選B。

20、Somewritersarguethatwithrespecttothechangeofrobs,fathers,comparedwith

mothers,_________

A、havetoshouldermoreburdens

B、havetomakemoredifficultadaptations

C、haveaneasierjobtodo

D^canusuallydoabetterjob

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句話Itisarguedbysomewritersthatthe

transitiontothefather'srole,althoughdifficult,isnotnearlyasgreatasthetransition

thewifemustmaketothemother'srole,可知與母親這一角色相比，父親的1.作相比

較容易一些，故C為正確答案。

Arecentstudydescribedcoalasa"bridgetothefuture".Asthemostplentifulfbssil（｛t

石）fuelintheworld,coalhasthepossibilityforfillingagrowingportionof（hedemand

fbrenergy.Butproblemscausesome（roubletothispromisingoldfuel.Coalisfound

aroundtheglobe,butthreecountries—theUnitedStates,theSovietUnionandChina

ownnearlytwothirdsofallknowncoalreserves.Atpresentnitesofusingcoalthese

reserveswouldlasttheworldmorethan200years,accordingtotheestimatescarefully

made.Furthermore,scientiststhinktheworldprobablyhas15timesthismuchcoal.

WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargestshare—morethanaquarterofthe786billiontons

ofknownworldcoalreserves,boththeSovietUnionandChinaproducealmostasmuch

coalastheU.S.does.Inadditiontothecategoryofknownreserves,theU.S.Geological

Survey（地質(zhì)調(diào)查所）hascalculatedthattheUnitedStateshasanestimated1.7trillion

（萬億）tonsofcoalatdepthsoflessthan3,（）00feet.Unfortunately,muchofthiscoalis

noteasytogetwithpresenttechnologyoratpresentprices.Toproduceandusemuch

morecoalthanwedotoday,anumberofproblemswillhaveiobesolved:capitalathigh

interestrates,manpower,andtransportation,includinginsufficientrailfacilities.

Environmentalconcernsincludetheproperdevelopmentofminesites,possiblechanges

inglobalclimatecausedbyincreasedcarbondioxidefromburningcoal,andtheobjects

thatarcsentoutfromcoalstacks（煙囪）thatwearoutbuildings,poisonlakes,and

damagehumanlungs.

21、Oneoftheadvantagesofcoalisthat.

A^itcanimproveglobalclimate

B、thereisalotofit

C、itisalwayseasytodig

D^itdoesn'tpollute

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第一段中Asthemostplentifulfossil（化石）fuelintheworld,

coalhasthepossibilityforf