專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷111

一、閱讀理解（本題共25題，每題7.0分，共25分。）

TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.Usuallytheyarcmixed

togetherandcan'tbetoldonefromanother.Butmanyofthemstilltalkaboutwheretheir

ancestorscamefrom.Itissomethingtheyareproudof.TheoriginalAmericans,of

course,weretheIndians.Theso-calledwhitemenwhothencameweremostlyfrom

England.ButmanycamefromothercountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.Oneproblem

theUnitedStateshasalwayshadisdiscrimination.AsnewgroupscametotheUnited

Statestheyfoundtheywerediscriminatedagainst.FirstitwastheIrishandItalians.Later

itwastheblacks.Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletoeventuallyescapethis

discrimination.Theonlyimmigrantswhohavenotarctheblacks.Surprisinglyenough

theworstdiscriminationtodayisshowntowardstheIndians.OnereasontheIndiansare

discriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.Ofcoursethey

arenottheonlyoneswhohavedoneso.TheJapanesehavetheirLittleTokyoinLos

AngelesandtheChineseaChinatowninNewYork.TheDutchsettlementin

Pennsylvaniaalsostaysseparatefromotherpeople.Theirtownsarelikesomethingfrom

the19thcentury.Theyhaveadifferentreasonthantheothergroupsforstayingapart.

Theyliveseparatelyfbrreligiousreasonsratherthankeepingtogetherinaracialgroup.

Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselvesseparateandothershavebeendiscriminated

against,allgroupshavehelpedmaketheUnitedStatesagreatcountry.Thereisnogroup

thathasnothelpedinsomeway.Andthereisnogroupthatcansaytheyhavedonethe

mosttomakeitagreatcountry.Manypeoplestillcomefromolhercountriestohelpthe

UnitedStatesgrow.AgoodexampleistheAmericanprojectthatletamanwalkonthe

moon.ItwasascientistfromGermanywhowasmostresponsiblefordoingthat.Itis

certainthatinthefuturetheUnitedStateswillstillneedthehelpofpeoplefromallracial

groupstoremainagreatcountry.

1、Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainideaofthispassage?

A、TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.

B>DiscriminationisthemostseriousproblemintheUnitedStates.

C、AlltheracesintheUnitedStateshavehelpedmakethecountryagreatone.

D、TheprosperityoftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothehardworkofthemost

discriminatedraces.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：由文章.第五段第一句"Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselves

separateandothershavebeendiscriminatedagainst,allgroupshavehelpedmakethe

UnitedStatesagreatcountry可知C正確。

2、Inthefirstparagraph,theword"told"means.

A、separated

B>distinguished

C^revealed

D^madeknown

標準答案：B

知識點解析：從上下文布理Usuallytheyaremixedtogetherandcan'tbetoldonefrom

another.前面的mix已能判斷出told的含義,即“區分、區別”的意思，同B項意

思接近。

Thispassageimpliesthatdiscriminationisaproblemwhich.

A、manyracesintheUnitedStateshaveexperienced

isstillveryseriousintheUnitedStates

C^hasalreadybeensolvedintheUnitedStates

D、isstronglyopposedbymanydifferentracesintheUnitedStates

標準答案：A

知識點解析：由文章第三段第一句"OneproblemtheUnitedStateshasalwayshadis

discrimination."和第五句"Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletoeventuallyescapethis

discrimination.”可知A正確。

4、ThemainreasonwhytheIndiansaremostdiscriminatedagainstisthat.

A、theyhavetriedhardtokeeptheirreligious

B、theyhavetriedhardtolivetogethertokeeptheirIndiancustoms

C>theyaretheonlyoneswhotriedtokeeptheiridentity

D、theydiscriminatemanyotherraces

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第四段第一句說到“OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainst

isthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.”這里的keeptheiridentity與B中

的keeptheirIndiancustoms屬同義替換。

5、TheDutchliveseparatelyinPennsylvania.

A、toescapediscrimination

B、toenjoythemselvesintheirowntowns

C>tokeeptogetherinaracialgroup

D、fbrreligiousreasons

標準答案：D

知識點解析：第四段結尾說到“Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasonsratherthan

keepingtogetherinaracialgroup...”。因此D正確。

Foryears,theTobaccoInstitutehastriedunsuccessfullytorefute（反駁）thechargeby

healthexpertsthatcigarettesmokingcanbedangeroustoyourhealth.Nowtheinstitute

hastakenanewtack（行動方針）.Inanadvertisingcampaignlastfall,theindustrytrade

associationignoredhealthquestionsandstressedthatnotsmokingcouldbedangerousto

thelocaleconomy."Tobaccomeans$1,193,000,000toVirginia,1'trumpetedone

advertisement,"VirginiatobaccohelpspaveVirginiasocialprograms.Tobaccomeans

90,000Virginiajobs."Themessagewasrepeatedwiththeappropriatedollarfiguresin

sixothertobaccostates.ThestatisticsarcbasedonastudybytheUniversityof

Pennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,whichcalculatesthat,overall,theU.S.tobaccoindustry

generates$30millioninwagesandearnings,$15.5billionincapitalinvestmentand$22

billionintaxrevenueeachyear.nIfyoulookattheeconomiccontributiontobacco

makestoAmerica,MsaysEdwardHorrigan,Jr.,ChairmanofR.JReynoldsTobacco

Co.,"thereisnoreasonforustobeashamedofthebusinesswearein."TheAmerican

CancerSocietydisagrees.WhileVirginiaiscollectingits$1.2billionintobaccorevenue

thisyear,theSocietysaid2,900ofitscitizenswillbevictimsoflungcancer.Thousands

more,thesocietycouldhaveadded,willbevictimsofotherdiseasesstronglyassociated

withsmoking.AndtheU.S.SurgeonGeneralestimatesthedirectdollarcostsottreating

smoking-relatedillnessesnationallyatmorethan$13billionayear-nottomention

another$25billioninlostwagesandproductivity.

6、OnwhatgrounddidtheTobaccoInstitutearguewithhealthexperts?

A、Theyareunwillingtopaymoretax.

B、Cigarettesmokingcannotbedangeroustohealth.

C、Mostpeoplecannotgetridofsmokinghabit.

D、Muchofthegovernment'srevenuecomesfromtobaccotax.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文章第一段第三旬中說到“...theindustrytradeassociationignored

healthquestionsandstressedthatnotsmokingcouldbedangeroustothelocal

economy.”再由下文的講解和數據可知吸煙為美國經濟作出了巨大貢獻。A、B、

C三項都不符合文意，只有D項較為符合。故選D。

7、TheTobaccoInstitutehastakenanewtacktorefutethechargeby

A^advertising

B、trumpeting

C、thehelpoftheindustrytradeassociation

D^supportingVirginiasocialprograms

標準答案：A

知識點解析:由第一段第二、三句"Nowtheinstitutehastakenanewtack（行動方

針）.Inanadvertisingcampaignlastfhll…”可知A正確。

8、"Tobaccomeans$1,193,000,000toVirginia."Thisimpliesthat.

A、Virginiawillproduce$1,193,000,000tobacco

B、tobaccoisworth$1,193,000,000inVirginia

C、Virginiawillcollect$1,193,000,000intobaccorevenue

D、thetaxontobaccoinVirginiaishigh

標準答案：C

知識點解析：此句話后面有“VirginiatobaccohelpspaveVirginiasocial

programs.Tobaccomeans90,000Virginiajobs.”另外第三段第二句又說到"While

Virginiaiscollectingits$l.2billionintobaccorevenue...”可推知C是正確答案。

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第二段第一句話說到“Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacityto

keepinformationavailableforlateruse.”文中的capacity對應選項中的ability,文中

的keep對應選項中的store,文中的laleruse對應選項中的futureuse。故選B。

12、Thecomparisonmadebetweenthememorycapacityofalargecomputerandthatof

humanbeingshowsthat.

A、thecomputer'smemoryhasalittlebiggercapacitythanateenager's

thecomputer'smemorycapacityismuchsmallerthananadulthumanbeing's

C、ihccomputer'smemorycapacityismuchsmallereventhanateenager's

D、bothAandB

標準答案：C

知識點解析：通過第三段后幾句"Theinstant-accessmemoryofalargecomputermay

holdupto100,000'words'-readyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.S.teenager

probablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,this

isbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.”的描

述可知計算機的記憶容量僅是一個普通美國青少年的一小部分。故選Co

13、Thewholepassageimpliesthat.

A、onlyhumanbeingshaveproblem-solvingintelligence

B、aperson'smemoryisdifferentfromacomputer'sineveryrespect

C^animalsareabletosolveonlyverysimpleproblems

D、animalssolveproblemsbyinstinctsratherthanintelligence

標準答案：C

知識點解析：從文中最后一段第一句"Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvanced

problem—solvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.”可推斷出人類有著解決高級問題的

智力。四個選項中只有C項較為符合文意和常理。

14^Thephrase"intermsofinthelastsentencecanbestbereplacedby.

ANinconnectionwith

B、expressedby

C^consisting

D^bymeansof

標準答案：B

知識點解析：由最后一段"Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblem-

solvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson'smemoryisintermsof

wordsandcombinationsofwords.”可知B正確。

15、Thetopicofthepassageis.

ANWhatwouldlifebelikewithoutmemory

B、Memoryisofvitalimportancelolife

C^Howisaperson'smemorydi他rentfromananimal'soracomputer,s

D、Whatiscontainedinmemory

標準答案：B

知識點解析:文中開頭“Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithout

memory.”即是中心，即強調了記憶的重要性。故選B。

Sustainablemanagementisseenasapracticalandeconomicalwayofprotectingspecies

fromextinction.Insteadcfdependingonlargelyineffectivelawsagainstpoaching（偷

獵），itgiveslocalpeopleagoodeconomicreasontoprescn-cplantsandanimals.In

Zimbabwe,fbrinstance,thereisasustainablemanagementprojecttoprotectelephants.

Foreigntouristspaylargesumsofmoneytokilltheseanimalsforsports.Thismoneyis

thengiventotheinhabitantsoftheareawherethehuntingtakesplace.Intheory,locals

willbeencouragedtoprotectelephants,insteadofpoachingthembecauseofthe

economicbenefitinvolved.Thissoundslikeasensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseen

whetheritwillwork.Withcorruptioninthesedevelopingcountries,someobserversare

skeptical。懷疑的）ihalthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.Others

wonderhoweffectivethelocalswillbealstoppingpoachers.Therearealsoquestions

aboutwhethersustainablemanagementispracticalwhenitcomestoprotectingforests.In

theory,theprincipleshouldbethesameaswithelephants-allowloggingcompaniesto

cutdowncertainnumberoftrees,butnotsomanyastocompletelydestroytheforest.

Sustainablemanagementofforestsrequirescontrolsonthenumberoftreeswhicharecut

down,aswellasinvestmentinreplacingthem.Becausealmostalltropicalforestsarc

locatedincountrieswhichdesperatelyneedrevenuefromlogging,therearefew

regulationsandincentivetodothis.Onesolutionmightbetocertifywoodwhichcomes

fromsustainablymanagedforests.Intheory,consumerswouldbuyonlythiswoodandso

forceloggingcompaniesiogo"green"orgooutofbusiness.Unfortunately,unrestricted

loggingissomuchmoreprofitablethatwoodpricesfrommanagedforestswouldcostup

tofivetimesmore-anincreasethatconsumers,nomatterhow"green",areunlikelyto

pay.

16^Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueinunderstandingthe^sustainable

management"?

A^Sustainablemanagementisusuallyusedincommercialunits.

B>Sustainablemanagementismorepowerfulthanlaws.

C、Wewillprobablymeetmanyproblemsinthecourseofapplyingsustainable

management.

D、Itislikelythatsustainablemanagementwillreplacethelawsinprotectingliving

things.

標準答案：C

知識點解析：由題干關鍵詞sustainablemanagement定位到第二段首句“Thissounds

likesensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillwork.''和第三段首句

“Therearealsoquestionsaboutwhethersustainablemanagementispractical——whenit

comestoprotectingforesis.”可推知，可持續管理在實施過程中可能會遇到問題。

17、TheexampleofZimbabweismentionedinthefirstparagraphisto.

A、provethatsustainablemanagementisineffective

B>explainwhatsustainablemanagementis

C、showthattourismthereisflourishing

D^illustratethatpeopleTherearegoodatmakingmoneywithelephants

標準答案：B

知識點解析：由題干提示定位到第一段可知，該段第一、二句話解釋了可持續管理

的定義，接著就以津巴布韋為例來說明可持續管理到底是什么。因此B符合題干

要求。

18、Thephrase"gogreen"inparagraph5probablymeans.

A、acompanybeginstomakemoneyinsteadofbeinginred

makingtheforestsalwaysgreenincolour

C^operatinginwayswhichdonotdamagetheenvironment

D、startingfromtheverybeginning

標準答案：C

知識點解析：由第五段第二句"Intheory,consumerswouldbuyonlythiswoodandso

forceloggingcompaniestogo4greenergooutofbusiness.”可知，消費者將只購買采

伐自可持續管理森林的木材，由此迫使伐木公司只有以保護森林為前提進行采伐才

可以。只有C項符合文意。

19、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A、Whatdoesenvironmentalprotectionmainlyinclude.

B、Howfeasibleissustainablemanagementinenvironmentalprotection.

C>Whatattitudesdodifferentpeoplehavetowardssustainablemanagement.

D、Howcanpeopleprotectanimalsandplants.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：文章第一段首句"Sustainablemanagementisseenasapracticaland

economicalwayofprotectingspeciesfromexlinclion.”就點明了話題，即可持續管理

被認為是防I卜物種滅絕的可行而經濟的方法.全文通過實例以及現有問題等進一步

說明這種方法的可行性。

20、Whatattitudedoestheauthortaketowardsthefeasibilityofsustainable

management?

A^Positive.

B>Pessimistic.

C、Negative.

D、Skeptical.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：縱觀全文，作者在第二至五段都在探討應用可持續管理可能會出現的

問題，所以可推斷作者對可持續管理的可行性持有懷疑態度。

Americaisacountryonthemove.Inunheard-ofnumbers,peopleofallagesare

exercisingtheirwaytobetterhealth.Accordingtothelatestfigures,59percentof

Americanadultsexerciseregularly—up12percentfromjusttwoyearsagoandmore

thandoublethefigureof25yearsago.Evennon-exercisersbelievetheywouldbemore

attractiveandconfidentiftheyweremoreactive.Itishardnottogetthemessage.The

virtuesofphysicalfitnessareshownonmagazinecovers,postagestamps,andtelevision

adsforeverythingfrombeautysoapstotravelbooks.Exerciseasapartofdailylifedid

notcatchonuntilthelate1960swhenresearchbymilitarydoctorsbegantoshowthe

healthbenefitsofdoingregularphysicalexercises.Growingpublicity（宣傳）forraces

heldinAmericancitieshelpedfuelastronginterestintheancientsportofrunning.

AlthoughrunninghasleveledoffinrecentyearsasAmericanshavediscoveredequally

rewarding—andsometimessafer—formsofexercise,suchaswalkingandswimming,

runningremainsthemostpopularformofexercise.Asthepopularityofexercise

continuestomount,sodoesscientificevidenceofitshealthbenefits.Thekeytofitnessis

exercisingthemajormusclegroupsvigorously（強有力地）enoughtoapproximately

doubletheheartrateandkeepitdoubledfbr20to30minutesatatime.Doingsuch

physicalexercisesthreetimesormoreaweekwillproduceconsiderableimprovementsin

physicalhealthinaboutthreemonths.

21、Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthepercentageofAmericanadultsdoingregular

physicalexercisestwoyearsago?

A、About70%.

Almost50%.

C、Nearly60%.

D、Morethan12%.

標準答案：B

知識點解析:從第一段第三句"Accordingtothelatestfigures,59percentof

Americanadultsexerciseregularly-up12percentfromjusttwoyearsagoandmorethan

doublethefigureof25yearsago.”可知瘋據最新的數據，定期運動的美國成年人為

59%,這個數字比兩年前