專升本英語（閱讀）模擬試卷38

一、閱讀理解(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)

Underproperconditions,soundwaveswillbereflectedfromahillsideorothersuch

obstruction.Soundtravelsatiherateofaboutone-fifthofamilepersecond.Ifthehillis

elevenhundredfeetaway,ittakestwosecondsforthesoundIotraveltothehilland

back.Thus,bytimingtheintervalbetweenasoundanditsreflection(theecho),youcan

estimatethedistancetoanobstruction.DuringWorldWarIItheBritishusedapractical

applicationofthisprincipletodetectGermanplanesontheirwaytobombLondonlong

beforetheenemywasnearthetarget.Theyusedradiowavesinsteadofsoundwaves,

sinceradiowavescanpenetratefogandclouds.TheoutnumberedRoyalAir

Forcc(RAF)alwaysseemedtothepuzzledGermanstobelyinginwaitattherighttime

andnevertobesurprised.Itv/asradioechoesmorethananythingelsethatwontheBattle

ofBritain.SincetheradiowaveswereusedtotellihedirectioninwhichtosendtheRAF

Dianesandthedistanceiosend[hem(theirrangeofflightinotherwords),【hedevicewas

calledradiodirectingandranging,andfrom【heinilialsthewordradarwascoined.

1、Soundwavesreflectedfromahillcanbeusedtoestimatethe.

A^heightofthehili

B、speedofsound

C、distancetothehill

D、intensityofsound

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段最后一句說通過對(duì)聲音和回音之間的間隔進(jìn)行計(jì)時(shí)，可以

算出與障礙物之間的距離，故選C。

2>Theestimateisbasedon(he.

A、directionofthehill

B、acceptedspeedofsound

C^intervalbetweensoundandecho

D、bothBandC

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段最后一句話Thus,bytimingtheintervalbetweenasound

anditsreflection(theecho),youcanestimatethedistancetoanobstruction,可知C正

確。

3、Practicalapplicationofthisprincipleresultedin.

A、newelectronicinstrumentsforplanes

B、aradiodirectingandrangingdevice

C、newradiosetsforRAFbombers

D^anelectronicdetectingdevice

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句話thedevicewascalledradiodirectingandranging,

andfromtheinitialsthewordradarwascoined,可知B正確。

4、RadarenabledtheEnglishto.

A、detectGermanplanesontheirwaytoLondon

B、directtheoutnumberedRAFplaneseffectively

C、confuseGermanbomberpilots

D、bothAandB

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第二段提到在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，英國人利用無線電波可以偵查

出德國飛機(jī)的位置，而且那些數(shù)量占多數(shù)的皇家空軍常常會(huì)對(duì)德軍造成一定的困

惑，第三段提到那些皇家空軍是由那些無線電波指控的。故A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)都正確，

所以選D。

5、TheBritishusedradiowavesbecausethey.

A、weremoreexactthansoundwaves

B、couldnotbedetected

C、couldpenetratefogandclouds

D、wereeasiertousethansoundwaves

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段中Theyusedradiowavesinsteadofsoundwaves,since

radiowavescanpenetratefogandclouds,故選Co

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatesas

setUement(新拓居地)spreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpractical

curiosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanical

problems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,and

thedevelopmentofsafe,effectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroad

wasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousands

ofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtothe

Mississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.Thehighpointin

railroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862

CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraska

westwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompletea

(ranscontinentalcrossinglinking(heAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernment

helpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbegan

fburyearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChinese

laborwhiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworked

atremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869they

metataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscame

thereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsoverthecountry*with

paradesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonortheereatachievement.Therailroadwas

veryimponantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Ralsohelpedbuildupindustryand

farmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.

InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

6、ThemajorproblemswithAmerica'srailroadsysteminthemid19thcenturylay

in.

A、poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B、lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C、limitedrailroadlines

D、lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段提到早期的火車很不實(shí)用，而且鐵路公司面臨若棘手的技

術(shù)問題，最嚴(yán)重的是修建能夠承擔(dān)一定重量的鐵路軌道和開發(fā)安全有效的停靠系

統(tǒng)。A項(xiàng)與文意所述相近，故選A。

7、Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.

A^broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfarminginthewest

B、attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C、attractedlaborersfromEurope

D、encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章最后一段Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouraging

westwardmovement.Itaisohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingraw

materialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets,可知A為正確選項(xiàng)。

8、Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.

A、SettlementsSpreadWestward

B、TheCoast-to-CoastRailroad;AVitalLink

C、AmericanRailroadHistory

D^TheImportanceofRailroadsintheAmericanEconomy

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第一段第一句雖然提至『'settlementspreadeverfartherwestward.

但這不是本文論述的中心，故A錯(cuò)；選D也不合適，因?yàn)樽髡咴诘谌蔚诙淅?/p>

談的足在美國起重要作用的transcontinentalrailway,而不是泛指美國的鐵路，雖然

本文從一個(gè)側(cè)面反映了美國鐵路的歷史，但C項(xiàng)范圍太大，故C也錯(cuò)；第三段點(diǎn)

明了文章的主旨，說明了這條橫貫美國的鐵路在開發(fā)西部、發(fā)展工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和統(tǒng)一

美國等方面起到Tavitallink的作用,故選B。

9、Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook.

A、9years

B、7years

C、4years

D^3years

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段敘述可知，1862年國會(huì)授權(quán)鐵路公司修建鐵路，但

實(shí)際上4年之后即1866年才開始這項(xiàng)工程。1869年完成，故共用了三年時(shí)間。

10、Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

A^Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportfbrsuchatask.

B、TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C、Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D、Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；根據(jù)文章最后一段Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouraging

westwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbyinovingraw

materialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets,可知D為正確答案。

Ifinditwholesometobealonethegreaterpartofihelime.Tobeincompany,evenwith

thebest,issoonwearisomeanddissipating,andIneverfoundacompanionso

companionableassoEude.Wearefor(hemostpartmorelonelywhenwegoabroad

(hanwhenwestayinourchambers,fbrsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspace

(hatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows.Thefarmer,whocanworkaloneallday

withoutfeelinglonesome,bulmustrecreatewithothersatnight,wondershowthe

studentcansitaloneatnight;hedoesnotrealizethatthestudent,thoughinthehouse,is

actuallyatworkinhisfieldandchoppinghiswoodasthefannerwasinhis.Societyis

commonlytoocheap.Wemeetatveryshortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireany

newvalueforeachother;wemeetatmealsthreetimesadayandgiveeachotheranew

tasteofthatmustyoldcheesethatwearc;welivethickandareineachother'sway,andI

thinkthatwcthuslosesomerespectforoneanother.Wchavehadtoagreeonacertain

setofroles,calledetiquetteandpoliteness,tomakethisfrequentmeetingtolerable.

Certainlylessfrequencywouldsufficeforallimportantandheartycommunications

betweenmen.Itwouldbebetteriftherewerebutoneinhabitanttoasquaremile,as

whereIlive,fbrasthevalueofamanisnotinhisskin,weneednottouchhim.

11、Amancanbelonelyinacrowdbecause.

A^lonelinessdoesn'tmeanbeingalone

B、manalwayswaulstowork

C、solitudeinvolvesspacethatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows

D、lonelinesscomesfromlackofheartycommunication

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第二段中...forsolitudeisnotmeasuredbythemilesofspace

(hatintervenebetweenamanandhisfellows,可知孤獨(dú)不是由空間距離造成的，隱含

的意思是孤獨(dú)來自于缺少心靈的溝通，故D為正確答案。

12^Theauthorusestheexampleofthefarmerandthestudenttoshowthat.

A、menneedrecreationaftertheirwork

B、menarenotlonelywhentheyareworking

C、solitudeisnecessary,forastudent

D^peoplehavedifferentconceptionsofsolitude

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第三段指出農(nóng)民可以一整天地工作而不會(huì)感到孤單，但他卻很奇

怪為什么一個(gè)學(xué)生能夠在晚上一個(gè)人獨(dú)自靜坐，因?yàn)樗麤]有意識(shí)到學(xué)生其實(shí)和他一

樣，也是在工作，所以他也不會(huì)感到孤單。

13、Whentheauthorsays:"Societyiscommonlytoocheap',,hemeansthat.

A^wemeetnotfrequentlyenough

B、wccatcheapfoodandliveasimplelife

C、ourlivesaresoregular

D、peopledonothaveenoughheartycommunicationtorealizethevalueinotherpeople

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第匹段中Societyiscommonlytoocheap：Wemeetatvery

shortintervals,nothavinghadtimetoacquireanynewvalueforeacholher,故選D。

14、Theauthor,sopiniononthevalueofamanisthat.

A、itisunderestimatedbytherulesofetiquetteandpoliteness

B、itcanbediscoveredthroughfrequentphysicalcontacts

C、itcanbefoundinaman'sappearance

D、itdoesn51lieinphysicalcontact

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句話forasthevalueofamanisnotinhisskin,weneed

nottouchhim,可知D為正確答案。

15、Whichofthefollowingisnottheauthor,sidea?

A^Theideaofsolitudeisembodieddifferentlyinastudentandafarmer.

B、Theroutinelifeunderliesman,sloneliness.

C、Etiquetteandpolitenessarerulesthatmakefrequentmeetingstolerable.

D、Lessfrequentmeetingscanmakeusmoreawareof（hevalueofmen.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文章中可知，孤獨(dú)是由于人與人之間很少的交流，但不是日常事務(wù)

造成的。因此選B。

Arecentstudydescribedcoalasa"bridgetothefuture".Asthemostplentifulfbssil（tt.

石）fuelintheworld,coalhasthepossibilityforfillingagrowingportionofthedemand

fbrenergy.Butproblemscausesometroubletothispromisingoldfuel.Coalisfound

aroundtheglobe,butthreecountries-theUnitedStales,theSovietUnionandChina

ownnearlytwothirdsofallknowncoalreserves.Atpresentratesofusingcoalthese

reserveswouldlasttheworldmorethan200years,accordingtotheestimatescarefully

made.Furthermore,scientiststhinktheworldprobablyhas15timesthismuchcoal.

WhiletheUnitedStateshasthelargestshare—morethanaquarterofthe786billiontons

ofknownworldcoalreserves,boththeSovietUnionandChinaproducealmostasmuch

coalastheU.S.does.Inadditiontothecategoryofknownreserves,theU.S.Geological

Survey（地質(zhì)調(diào)查所）hascalculatedthattheUnitedSlateshasanestimated1.71rillion（萬

億）tonsofcoalatdepthsoflessthan3,000feet.Unfortunately,muchofthiscoalisnot

easytogetwithpresenttechnologyoratpresentprices.Toproduceandusemuchmore

coalthanwedotoday,anumberofproblemswillhavetobesolved;capitalathigh

interestrates,manpower,andtransportation,includinginsufficientrailfacilities.

Environmenlalconcernsinclude（heproperdeveloDinemofminesites*possiblechanges

inglobalclimalecausedbyincreasedcarbondioxidefrombirningcoal,and（heobjects

thatarcsentoutfromcoalstacks（煙L&l）thatwearoutbuildings,poisonlakes,anddamage

humanlungs.

16、Oneoftheadvantagesofcoalis（hat.

A、itcanimproveglobalclimate

B、thereisalotofit

C^itisalwayseasytodig

D、itdoesn'tpollute

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)文章第一段中Asthemostplenlifulfossil（化石）fuelintheworld,

coalhasthepossibilityforfillingagrowingportionofthedemandforenergy,可知煤的

數(shù)量有很多，這可以算作是它的一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，其他三項(xiàng)根據(jù)文章或常識(shí)都可以排除。

故選Bo

17、WhichproblemisNotmentionedin（hearticle?

A、Difficultiesindiggingthecoal.

B、Pollutionoftheen