高級中學名校試題PAGEPAGE1云南省開遠市部分學校2024-2025學年高一下學期開學檢測英語試題第一部分聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthewomaninterestedinnow?A.Cooking. B.Reading. C.Gardening.【答案】C【原文】W:I’vebeenthinkingaboutplantingmyownkitchengardenlately.M:What?Yousaidyouwantedtolearntocooklastmonth.W:I’mseriousthistime.I’llreadmorebookstogetsomebasicknowledge.2.Howmuchwillthewomanpayforthemotorbike?A.$300. B.$900. C.$1,000.【答案】A【原文】W:Excuseme.Howmuchdoesitcosttorentamotorbike?M:Onehundreddollarsaday.Youcanget10%offifyourentitfor10days.W:Okay.IthinkI’llrentoneforthreedays.3.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthefilm?A.Confused. B.Satisfied. C.Disappointed.【答案】B【原文】W:David,haveyouwatchedtheAcademyAwardsceremony?OppenheimerwonBestPicture.Themovieseemsgreat!M:Ijustsawitinthecinemalastweekandit’sreallyworthyoftheaward.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome. B.Inanoffice. C.Inashop.【答案】A【原文】W:Thisisthelastbottleofmilkinthefridge.Couldyoubuysomewhenyoufinishyourwork?M:Sure.I’llalsotakeoutthegarbage.W:That’sgreat.5.WhatisthewomangoingtodoonNewYear’sEve?A.Watchamovie. B.Haveaparty. C.Goskating.【答案】C【原文】W:What’syourplanforNewYear’sEve?Iwanttodosomethingdifferentthisyear.M:Ihaven’tdecidedyet.Whatwillyoudo?W:Insteadofwatchingamovieorthrowingaparty,I’vedecidedtoskatewithmyfriends.第二節（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.Heishard-working.B.Heiswell-paid.C.Heishighlyeducated.7.WhatdoesJohnwanttodo?A.Joinagym. B.Getapromotion. C.Workfromhome.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】W:Idon’tknowhowJohndoesit.Heisalwaysthefirstpersontogettotheoffice,andalsothelastonetoleave.Hemustbeexhaustedallthetime!M:Butheseemsprettyhealthy.Isawhimswimminginthegymlastweekend.Maybehejustlikesgettingeverythingdoneinaday.W:Yeah,you’reright,butheearnsjustthesameaswedo.It’snotahighly-paidjob.M:Ithinkhe’llbepromotedbeforeanyofus—heisobviouslyveryeagerforthat!W:That’sdefinitelytrue!聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Howlonghasthewomanexperiencedheadaches?A.Oneday. B.Threedays. C.Sevendays.9.Whyhasthewomansleptbadlylately?A.Shequitherjob. B.Shewasinjured. C.Sheattendedeveningclasses.10.WhatdoesDr.Eyckaskthewomantodo?A.Haveacheck-up. B.Getmoresleep. C.Takesomepills.【答案】8.C9.C10.A【原文】W:Goodmorning,Dr.Eyck.I’vehadastomachacheforthreedays.M:Well,letmetakealook.DoesithurtwhenIpresshere?W:Ohyes,thathurts.AndI’vealsosufferedfromheadachesinthepastweek.Maybetheyhavesomethingtodowiththeheavyworkload.M:Haveyoubeenexperiencingarunnynoseorcough?W:Yes,I’vehadallofthose.AndI’vehadanearachesinceyesterday.M:Areyouhavingtroublesleeping?W:Yes,andit’sgotworserecently.BecauseIhavebeentakingFrenchclassesatnightrecently.DoyouthinkIneedtotakesomepills?M:It’shardtosayforsurewithoutfurtherexamination.Comewithmethen.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Whoisprobablythewoman?A.Stephen’sfriend. B.Mr.Green’ssecretary. C.Mr.Green’sbusinesspartner.12.Whereisthemangoingnextweek?A.Boston. B.Newport. C.NewYork.13.WhenwillthemanmeetMr.Greennextweek?A.OnMondaymorning. B.OnWednesdaymorning. C.OnThursdayafternoon.【答案】11.B12.C13.B【原文】W:Goodmorning,AlbersMotorcars.M:Hello,thisisStephenfromBoston.MayIspeaktoMr.Green,please?W:I’msorry.Mr.GreenisnowinameetingwithbusinesspartnersfromNewport.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Well,I’llflytoyourplacenextweek.I’dliketofixameetingwithMr.Green.W:Luckily,he’llbeinNewYorkforthewholemonth.I’llcheckMr.Green’sscheduleandseeifIcanarrangeanappointmentforyou.Pleasewaitamoment…Mr.GreenwillhavesometimeonMondaymorning,Wednesdaymorning,andThursdayafternoon.M:Wednesdaymorningworksbetterforme.W:Would10:00beconvenient?M:Yes,that’llbefine.W:OK,I’llnotethatdown.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors. B.Strangers. C.Travelpartners.15.WhywillthewomangotoGeorgia?A.Toattendameeting. B.Tocallonherparents. C.Tovisitanexhibition.16.Whatmakesthewomansurprised?A.Themanlivesinthesamecityasher.B.Themantravelsregularlyforwork.C.Themanwillmovetoherneighborhood.17.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?A.Helphermovehouse. B.Drivehertotheairport. C.Rentahouseforher.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.A【原文】W:Excuseme.I’minthewindowseat.M:Oh,sure.I’llletyouin.Areyoutravelingalone?W:Yes.I’mgoingtochangeplanesinDenveronmywaytoSouthCarolinaforameeting,andthenI’mofftoGeorgiaonWednesdaytoattendanartexhibition.Whereareyouheaded?M:I’mgoingtoJacksonvilletocallonmyparentsforafewdays,butI’llbebackinLosAngelesnextweekend.W:Wow,whatasmallworld!I’vebeenlivinginLosAngelesforthepastfouryears.WhatpartofLosAngelesdoyoulivein?M:IlivenottoofarfromtheairportinWestchester.W:That’samazing!IjustrentedanapartmentinWestchesterandIwillmoveinwhenIgetback.Withallthistraveling,itmakessensetomoveclosertotheairport.M:Thatseemslikeawisemove.Letmeknowifyouneedanyhelpmoving.Here’smycard.Thenumberonthebottomismycellphone.W:Thankyou.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Reasonsforchoosingthecourse.B.Generalintroductiontothecourse.C.Preparationsforthecourse.19.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkisimportantforstudentstodo?A.Developproblem-solvingskills.B.Learnhowphysicsaffectsdailylife.C.Understandthebasicknowledgeofphysics.20.Whatwillthespeakerdonext?A.Givehomework. B.Writeacourseoutline. C.Providedetailsaboutgrades.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【原文】Goodmorning,everybody.WelcometoPhysics101.MynameisEdBrown.Iwillbeyourprofessorthissemester.Sincethisisourfirstclass,Iwanttotalkaboutwhatthiscoursewilllooklike.Thiscoursemainlyintroducesyoutothegeneraldescriptionofphysics.Theterm“physics”includesmanydifferentareasofresearchandstudy.Ihopethiscoursewillproveusefulwhetherornotyouchoosetocontinueyourstudiesinthisfield.Wewillbegintheclassbylookingattheconceptsofphysics.Itisimportantthatyouhaveaclearunderstandingofthebasicknowledge.Onlyinthiswaycanyoubetterunderstandthemoredifficultconceptswhenyougettothem.Now,Iamgoingtohavetheteachingassistantshandoutthecourseoutlinesofthiscourse,andI’llexplainhowyourgradesaregiven.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AEditor’snote:IfyoufancycomingtovisitChinathissummerunderthe72-houror144-hourvisa-freepolicy,herearedestinationsforyoutoexplorethecountry’snaturalbeautyandculturewhileescapingtheheat.QingdaoinEastChina’sShandongprovinceWithsandybeachesandclearwater,Qingdaopromisessummercoastalfun.Hereyoucanbaskinthesun,swim,orleisurelywalkalongitspicturesqueshores.ExploretheLaoshanMountainwithTaoisttemples.Also,immerseyourselfinthecity’srichbeerculturebydrinkingthefamousTsingtaobeerandexploringitsbrewinghistoryattheTsingtaoBeerMuseum.HarbininNortheastChina’sHeilongjiangprovinceExperiencethethrillofHarbinIce-SnowWorldinitsvastindoorthemepark,aGuinnessWorldRecordholderat23,800squaremeters.WanderCentralAvenuetoadmireRussian-stylearchitecture,andintheevening,relaxbytheSonghuaRiver,feelingtherefreshingbreeze.Harbinownsitsicyreputationwithacoolandpeacefulsummercharm,makingitaperfectgetawaydestinationintheheat.HangzhouinEastChina’sZhejiangprovince“Upabovethereisparadise,downhere,thereareSuzhouandHangzhou.”ExplorethecharmingWestLake,whereboatridesofferbeautifulviewsoflandscapes.LoseyourselfintheancientquietofLingyinTemple,aspiritualplacewithBuddhistarchitecture.Oryoucandiscovertheartoftea-makingintheteaplantations,tastingthewellknownLongjingtea.TongreninSouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovinceHikingenthusiastsandnaturalhistoryloversshouldgotoFanjingMountain,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Risingtoaheightof2,572meters,themountainishometoaconservationarea,anaturereserveandanumberofBuddhisttemples.Don’tmisstheuniqueMiaoandDongethnicvillages,whereyoucantrytastycuisineandwitnesstraditionalcustoms.21.WhatcanyoudoinQingdao?A.AdmireRussian-stylearchitecture. B.Explorerichbeerculture.C.BreakGuinnessWorldRecord. D.Visitartmuseums.22.WherecanyouvisitaWorldHeritageSite?A.InHangzhou. B.InQingdao. C.InHarbin. D.InTongren.23.Wheredoesthispassagemostpossiblycomefrom?A.Adiary. B.Abiography. C.Atouristmap. D.Atravelmagazine.【答案】21.B22.D23.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了中國幾個適合夏天旅游的城市。【21題詳析】細節理解題。根據QingdaoinEastChina’sShandongprovince部分中“Also,immerseyourselfinthecity’srichbeerculturebydrinkingthefamousTsingtaobeerandexploringitsbrewinghistoryattheTsingtaoBeerMuseum.(此外，你還可以在青島啤酒博物館品嘗著名的青島啤酒，探索青島啤酒的釀造歷史，沉浸在這座城市豐富的啤酒文化中)”可知，在青島可以探索豐富的啤酒文化。故選B項。【22題詳析】細節理解題。根據TongreninSouthwestChina’sGuizhouprovince部分中“HikingenthusiastsandnaturalhistoryloversshouldgotoFanjingMountain,aUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.(徒步愛好者和自然歷史愛好者應該去梵凈山，它是聯合國教科文組織的世界遺產)”可知，在銅仁可以參觀世界遺產地。故選D項。【23題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Editor’snote:IfyoufancycomingtovisitChinathissummerunderthe72-houror144-hourvisa-freepolicy,herearedestinationsforyoutoexplorethecountry’snaturalbeautyandculturewhileescapingtheheat.(編者提醒：如果你想在今年夏天享受72小時或144小時免簽政策，來中國旅游，這里有一些目的地，可以讓你在避暑的同時探索中國的自然美景和文化)”可知，文章介紹了中國幾個適合夏天旅游的城市，包括景點、活動等旅游相關信息，所以最有可能來自旅游雜志。故選D項。ВGrowingupontheGuanzhongPlain,HeJingdidn’tstartmountaineeringuntil18.Herfirstclimb,in2006,wasintheQinlingMountains,anditsparkedapassionforthesport.In2012,feelingsadforthelossofhergrandmother,Heattemptedherfirstmountainover5,000meters—MountSigunianginSichuanprovince.Theexperienceprovidedherwithasenseofpeaceandrelief.“AsIapproachedthesummit(頂峰)andsawtherosylightonthesnow,Ifoundpeaceandareleasefrommyinnerconfusion,”sherecalled.Sincethen,Hehasbeendevotedtoclimbinghigh-altitudepeaks.Shesummitedherfirst8,000-meterpeak,MountChoOyu,in2016,usingjustonebottleofoxygen.Realizingshecouldhandletheextremealtitude(海拔),shedecidedtoattemptfutureclimbswithoutoxygen,amovepartlymotivatedbycostsavings.Climbingwithoutoxygencarriessignificantrisksduetothethinatmosphereathighaltitudes.Toprepare,Hetrainedstrictly,runningatleastfivetimesaweek,climbing200flightsofstairswitha20-kilogramloadtwiceweekly,andusinganoxygen-restrictingmasktosimulatehigh-altitudeconditions.“Ataltitudesabove8,000meters,thehumanbrainexperiencesextremelackofoxygen,andthebodybecomessleepy.Ikepttellingmyselfnottofallasleep,asImightneverwakeupagain,”shesaid.HerfirstsuccessfulsummitwithoutbottledoxygencameonSept.25,2017,whenshereachedthetopofMountManasluinNepal.OnOct.9thisyear,shereachedthesummitofthe8,027-meterMountShishapangmainChina’sXizangautonomousregion,becomingthefirstpersonfromChinaandthethirdwomanintheworldtoscaleall14oftheworld’speaksover8,000meterswithouttheuseofadditionaloxygen.24.WhatmotivatedHetoattemptherclimbingin2012?A.Herenthusiasmforclimbing.B.Herdesiretochallengeherself.C.Hersorrowforlosinghergrandmother.D.Herdeterminationtohandletheextremealtitude.25.HowdidHeprepareherselfforclimbingwithoutadditionaloxygen?A.Byrunningfourorfivetimesaweek.B.Bytraininginhigh-altitudeconditions.C.Byclimbingstairswithloadsregularly.D.Bywearingamaskwithadequateoxygen.26.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeHe?A.Energeticandsociable. B.Determinedandpassionate.C.Demandingandhumble. D.Strong-willedandfriendly.27.WhatdoesHe’sexperiencetellus?A.Lookbeforeyouleap. B.Morehaste(匆忙),lessspeed.C.Everycloudhasasilverlining. D.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【答案】24.C25.C26.B27.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了中國女性何靜帶著對登山的熱愛，經過自己不懈的努力，成為中國首位無氧登頂14座8000米以上高峰的女性，同時也是世界第三位完成這一壯舉的女性攀登者。【24題詳析】細節理解題。根據第二段中“In2012,feelingsadforthelossofhergrandmother,Heattemptedherfirstmountainover5,000meters—MountSigunianginSichuanprovince.(2012年，她為失去祖母感到悲傷，于是她第一次嘗試了5000米以上的山峰——四川的四姑娘山)”可知，失去祖母的悲傷促使何在2012年嘗試登山。故選C項。【25題詳析】細節理解題。根據第三段中“Toprepare,Hetrainedstrictly,runningatleastfivetimesaweek,climbing200flightsofstairswitha20-kilogramloadtwiceweekly,andusinganoxygen-restrictingmasktosimulatehigh-altitudeconditions.(為了準備，何進行了嚴格的訓練，每周至少跑步五次，每周兩次負重20公斤爬200層樓梯，并戴上限氧面罩模擬高海拔環境)”可知，何為在沒有額外氧氣的情況下登山所做的準備包括定期負重爬樓梯。故選C項。【26題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Herfirstclimb,in2006,wasintheQinlingMountains,anditsparkedapassionforthesport.(2006年，她第一次攀登秦嶺，這激發了她對這項運動的熱情)”可知，何對登山抱有熱情；再根據第三段中“Toprepare,Hetrainedstrictly,runningatleastfivetimesaweek,climbing200flightsofstairswitha20-kilogramloadtwiceweekly,andusinganoxygen-restrictingmasktosimulatehigh-altitudeconditions.(為了準備，何進行了嚴格的訓練，每周至少跑步五次，每周兩次負重20公斤爬200層樓梯，并戴上限氧面罩模擬高海拔環境)”和第四段中““Ataltitudesabove8,000meters,thehumanbrainexperiencesextremelackofoxygen,andthebodybecomessleepy.Ikepttellingmyselfnottofallasleep,asImightneverwakeupagain,”shesaid.(“在海拔8000米以上的地方，人類大腦極度缺氧，身體變得困倦。我一直告訴自己不要睡著，因為我可能再也不會醒來了，”她說)”可知，何執行嚴格的訓練計劃，在登山過程中頑強地克服缺氧帶來的困意，這表明她堅定果敢。故選B項。【27題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了中國女性何靜帶著對登山的熱愛，經過自己不懈的努力，成為中國首位無氧登頂14座8000米以上高峰的女性，同時也是世界第三位完成這一壯舉的女性攀登者。因此，何的經歷告訴我們“有志者事竟成”。A.三思而后行；B.欲速則不達；C.黑暗中總有一線光明；D.有志者事竟成，故選D項。CGrass-poweredgasissettoheatthousandsofhomesforthefirsttimeinthecomingweeks.EnergyfirmEcotricityisexpectedtobeginsupplyinggasto5,300homesfromitsplantnearReadingthroughthedistributioncompanySouthernGasNetworksinApril.Researchhasestimatedthatthegascanreducegreenhousegas(GHG)releasebynearly90percent.Itishopedthattheplancanbeexpandedtosupplyfueltomorehomesaroundthecountry.The￡11millionplantusesbacteriatobreakdowngrassesandherbs,whichabsorbCO?whilegrowing,incertaincontainers.Thisproducesbiogaswhichisthenupgradedtobiomethane(生物甲烷)foruseinthegasnetwork.Anorganicfertiliser(肥料),whichisintendedtohelpgrowmoregrass,isalsoproduced.EcotricityownerDaleVincehopestoexpandacrossthecountry,buildingplantswhichreducetheuseofconventionalfuelswhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironment,andboostenergysecurity.Greengashaspreviouslybeenmadefromfoodwasteor“high-energy”cropssuchascorn,butbothfacesustainabilityissuesandproblemswithalackofsize.“Ourmixofgrassandherbsmakescarbonneutral(中性的)gas,pullingcarbonoutoftheatmosphere,”saidMr.Vince.“It’sacycleofcarbonratherthannetzerorelease.”AskedaboutEcotricity’sbiomethaneproject,aDepartmentforEnergySecurityandNetZerospokesmansaid:“InitiativeslikethisshowhowtheUKisleadinginthedevelopmentofinnovationsingreentechnologiesthatcanhelpincreaseourenergysecurity,tackleclimatechangeandbringdownpeople’sbills.”AspokesmanforSouthernGasNetworkssaid:“We’vepartneredwithEcotricitytodeliverthebiomethanetoaprojectatasiteinFarleyHillnearReading.Theprojectwillsupply5,300nearbypropertieswithrenewablegreengasforheatandpower,helpingtoreduceeachhousehold’sannualcarbonreleasebyabout2.2tonnes.”28.WhatisthefeatureofthegasfromEcotricity’splant?A.Itiseco-friendly. B.Itiscost-effective. C.Itisfreeofcarbon. D.Itiseasytoproduce.29.Whichaspectoftheplantismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph2?A.Itsfinancialstate. B.Itstechnicalprocess.C.Itsexpectedoutcome. D.Itsbreakdownsystem.30.Whatisthedisadvantageofpreviousgreengas?A.Insufficientsecurity. B.Contributiontofoodwaste.C.Dependenceonoldfuels. D.Unsustainabledevelopment.31.Whyarethespokesmen’swordscitedinthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Toprovetheproject’ssuccess. B.Toemphasizethebroadsupport.C.Toexplaintheproject’spotential. D.Todiscussenvironmentalbenefits.【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了一種新型環保氣體——草制氣體的生產過程、特點以及優勢，并說明了該氣體將首次為數千戶家庭供暖。【28題詳析】細節理解題。由文章第一段中的“Researchhasestimatedthatthegascanreducegreenhousegas(GHG)releasebynearly90percent.(研究表明，這種氣體可以減少近90%的溫室氣體排放。)”和第二段中的“The￡11millionplantusesbacteriatobreakdowngrassesandherbs,whichabsorbCO?whilegrowing,incertaincontainers.(這家耗資1100萬英鎊的工廠使用細菌來分解草和草藥，這些草和草藥在某些容器中生長時會吸收二氧化碳。)”可知，該工廠生產的氣體是環保的。故選A項。【29題詳析】主旨大意題。由文章第二段第一句“The￡11millionplantusesbacteriatobreakdowngrassesandherbs,whichabsorbCO?whilegrowing,incertaincontainers.(這家耗資1100萬英鎊的工廠使用細菌來分解草和草藥，這些草和草藥在某些容器中生長時會吸收二氧化碳。)”和最后一句“Anorganicfertiliser(肥料),whichisintendedtohelpgrowmoregrass,isalsoproduced.(還生產了一種有機肥料，旨在幫助種植更多的草。)”可知，本段主要講述了工廠的技術流程。故選B項。【30題詳析】細節理解題。由文章第四段第一句“Greengashaspreviouslybeenmadefromfoodwasteor‘high-energy’cropssuchascorn,butbothfacesustainabilityissuesandproblemswithalackofsize.(以前，綠色氣體是由食物垃圾或玉米等高能作物制成的，但兩者都面臨可持續性問題以及規模不足的問題。)”可知，以前的綠色氣體不可持續發展。故選D項。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章倒數第二段中一位能源安全和凈零排放部發言人的話“InitiativeslikethisshowhowtheUKisleadinginthedevelopmentofinnovationsingreentechnologiesthatcanhelpincreaseourenergysecurity,tackleclimatechangeandbringdownpeople’sbills.(這樣的舉措表明，英國在綠色技術創新方面處于領先地位，這些創新有助于提高我們的能源安全，應對氣候變化，降低人們的賬單。)”以及最后一段中南方天然氣網絡公司的另一位發言人的話“We’vepartneredwithEcotricitytodeliverthebiomethanetoaprojectatasiteinFarleyHillnearReading.Theprojectwillsupply5,300nearbypropertieswithrenewablegreengasforheatandpower,helpingtoreduceeachhousehold’sannualcarbonreleasebyabout2.2tonnes.(我們已與Ecotricity合作，將生物甲烷輸送到雷丁附近法利山的一個項目。該項目將為附近的5300處房產提供可再生綠色天然氣用于供暖和供電，有助于減少每戶家庭每年約2.2噸的碳排放。)”可知，他們分別表示支持Ecotricity的生物甲烷項目，并強調了該項目對能源安全、應對氣候變化和降低人們賬單的好處，由此可知，引用發言人的話是為了強調該項目的好處，解釋該項目的潛力。故選C項。DTherehavebeenfiresineveryAustralianstate,butNewSouthWaleshasbeenhardesthit.Fireshavetornthroughbushland(未開墾的叢林地帶),woodedareas,andnationalparks.Somestartandarecontrolledinafewdays,butthebiggestfireshavebeenburningformonths.EachyearthereisafireseasonduringtheAustraliansummer,withhot,dryweathermakingiteasyforfirestostartandspread.Naturalcausesareresponsibleforfiresmostofthetime,likelightninghitsindrought-affectedforests.DrylightningwastoblameforstartinganumberoffiresinlateDecember,whichthentraveledmorethan20kilometersinjustfivehours.Humanscanalsoberesponsible.Policehavecharged(指控)atleast24peoplewithstartingbushfiresonpurpose,andhavetakenactionagainst183peopleforsettingfiresinceNovember.ThefireseasoninAustraliaisalwaysdangerous—the2009BlackSaturdaybushfireskilled173peopleinVictoria,makingitthedeadliestbushfiredisasteronrecord.Butconditionshavebeenunusuallybadthisyear,makingfiresburnmorestronglyandmakingfirefightingconditionsparticularlydifficult.Australiaisexperiencingoneofitsworstdroughtsovertheyears.Meanwhile,aheatwaveinDecemberbroketherecordforthehighestnationwideaveragetemperature,withsomeplacesundertemperatureswellabove40degreesCelsius.Strongwindshavealsomadethefiresandsmokespreadmorerapidly,andhaveledtodeaths.AbouthalfabillionanimalshavebeenaffectedbythefiresacrossNSW,withmillionspossiblydead—andthat’slowerthanwhatisprobablytherealnumber.Thatnumberoftotalanimalsinfluencedcouldbeashighasonebillionnationwide.AlmostathirdofkoalasinNSWmayhavebeenkilledinthefires,andathirdoftheplaceswheretheylivehavebeendestroyed.Someanimals,likekoalas,aren’tinanyimmediatedangerofextinction(滅絕)becausetheyarespreadoutacrossthecountry.Butothersthatliveinmoresuitableenvironmentswithlowerpopulations,includingcertaintypesoffrogsandbirds,couldbedestroyedentirelyiftheirhomeishitbythefires.32.WhatdoweknowaboutfiresinAustralia?A.Theymaylastalongtime.B.Theyoftenhappeninwinter.C.TheyonlyhappeninNSW.D.Theyareeasilycontrolledinafewhours.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“heatwave”probablymean?A.Bigfire.B.Strongwind.C.Seriousdrought.D.Aperiodofhotweather.34.Whyaren’tkoalasindangerofextinctionatonce?A.Theycanrunfast.B.Theylivefarandwide.C.Theirhomeiswellprotected.D.Theyhavealowerpopulation.35.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellinthepassage?A.Deadlybushfiresaffectthelifeofhumansandanimals.B.ManycauseshavecontributedtothebushfiresinAustralia.C.Somespeciesareendangeredbecauseofthefrequentfires.D.Morefirmmeasuresshouldbetakentocontrolthefires.【答案】32.A33.D34.B35.A【語篇解讀】本文是篇說明文。文章主要講述了澳大利亞多發生火災的原因和所造成的嚴重危害。【32題詳析】細節理解題。根據第一段“Somestartandarecontrolledinafewdays,butthebiggestfireshavebeenburningformonths.”（一些火災在幾天內開始并得到控制，但最大的火災已經燃燒了幾個月。）可知，在澳大利亞，火災可能會持續很長時間。故選A。【33題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據第三段劃線詞所在句“Meanwhile,aheatwaveinDecemberbroketherecordforthehighestnationwideaveragetemperature,withsomeplacesundertemperatureswellabove40degreesCelsius.”（與此同時，12月的heatwave打破了全國最高平均氣溫的記錄，一些地方的氣溫遠高于40攝氏度。）可知，一些地方的氣溫遠高于40攝氏度，這說明氣溫很高，由此可推知，12月份的高溫打破了全國平均最高氣溫記錄，劃線單詞“heatwave”表示“高溫期、酷熱期”。故選D。【34題詳析】細節理解題。根據最后一段“Someanimals,likekoalas,aren’tinanyimmediatedangerofextinction(滅絕)becausetheyarespreadoutacrossthecountry.”（一些動物，如考拉，沒有任何立即滅絕的危險，因為它們分布在全國各地。）可知，考拉沒有馬上滅絕的危險，是因為它們分布在全國各地，居住范圍廣泛。故選B。【35題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第三段“ThefireseasoninAustraliaisalwaysdangerous—the2009BlackSaturdaybushfireskilled173peopleinVictoria,makingitthedeadliestbushfiredisasteronrecord.”（澳大利亞的火災季節總是很危險——2009年的黑色星期六森林大火在維多利亞州造成173人死亡，成為有史以來最致命的森林大火。）、第四段“AbouthalfabillionanimalshavebeenaffectedbythefiresacrossNSW,withmillionspossiblydead—andthat’slowerthanwhatisprobablytherealnumber.”（新南威爾士州大約有5億只動物受到火災的影響，數百萬只動物可能死亡——這比實際數字要低。）和最后一段“Butothersthatliveinmoresuitableenvironmentswithlowerpopulations,includingcertaintypesoffrogsandbirds,couldbedestroyedentirelyiftheirhomeishitbythefires.”（但其他一些生活在更適宜的環境中、人口較少的動物，包括某些種類的青蛙和鳥類，如果它們的家被大火燒毀，可能會被完全摧毀。）可知，作者主要想告訴讀者致命的森林大火已經嚴重影響了人類和動物的生活。故選A。第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Theunpredictablenatureofdisastersisstressful.___36___Here’swhatyoushoulddoinspecifictypesofdisasters.HurricaneWhenahurricaneisapproaching,peopleinitsdirectpathareoftenallheadingintheoppositedirection,whichmeansthetrafficonthewayoutcanbeextreme.___37___Ifyoudon’thaveacar,makeplanstogowithfriendsorfamily.What’smore,it’sveryimportanttopayattentiontoallgovernmentwarningsbeforeandduringahurricane.WinterstormsAccordingtotheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,winterstormscreateahigherriskofcaraccidentsandseveralhealthconditionssuchasheartdisease.___38___Besides,remembertodresswarmly,prepareforpoweroutages(斷供期),andkeepaneyeoutforsignsofserioushealthconditions.Ifyouhavetoriskgoingout,remembertostaywarm.___39___Flood___40___Trytobringsomewaterandfoodwithyou.Ifyouliveinaone-storyhome,putmattresses(床墊)ontopofadiningroomtableforextraheightincasewaterrushesinside.Butbecarefulaboutgoinginsideanattic(閣樓).Youmayfindthatyoudon’thaveawaybackout.A.So,ifyou’regoingtoleave,leaveearly.B.That’swhyhavinganactionplaninplaceissoimportant.C.Tohelpminimizeyourrisk,you’readvisedtostayindoors.D.Coverasmuchskinasyoucanwithhats,warmsocks,gloves,etc.E.Duringaflood,it’sbesttogotoahighfloor,ideallynearawindow.F.Youcanseeifyourhomehasahighfloodriskthroughthefloodmaps.G.It’simportanttoensurethatallfamilymembers“knowtheplaninsideandout.”【答案】36.B37.A38.C39.D40.E【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在特定類型的災難中應該做的事情，主要是面臨颶風、冬季風暴和洪水時的行動。【36題詳析】根據前文“Theunpredictablenatureofdisastersisstressful.（災難的不可預測性讓人倍感壓力）”和后文“Here’swhatyoushoulddoinspecifictypesofdisasters.（以下是在特定類型的災難中應該做的事情）”可知，本段介紹針對災難應該采取相應行動這一話題，空處應承接前文說明這種不可預測性帶來的影響。B項“That’swhyhavinganactionplaninplaceissoimportant.（這就是為什么制定一個行動計劃是如此重要）”符合語境，其中的“That”指代前文的內容。故選B。【37題詳析】根據前文“Whenahurricaneisapproaching,peopleinitsdirectpathareoftenallheadingintheoppositedirection,whichmeansthetrafficonthewayoutcanbeextreme.（當颶風逼近時，在其直接路徑上的人們通常都朝著相反的方向前進，這意味著出去的交通可能會非常擁擠）”可知，前文討論颶風逼近時引起的交通擁堵問題，空處應針對這一問題提出應做的事情。A項“So,ifyou’regoingtoleave,leaveearly.（所以，如果你要走，就早點走）”符合語境。故選A。【38題詳析】根據前文“AccordingtotheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,winterstormscreateahigherriskofcaraccidentsandseveralhealthconditionssuchasheartdisease.（據聯邦緊急事務管理局稱，冬季風暴會增加車禍和心臟病等幾種健康問題的風險）”可知，前文討論冬季風暴增加健康問題的風險，空處應針對這一問題提出應做的事情。C項“Tohelpminimizeyourrisk,you’readvisedtostayindoors.（為了降低風險，建議你呆在室內）”符合語境，其中的“minimizeyourrisk”與前文的“ahigherriskof”呼應。故選C。【39題詳析】根據前文“Ifyouhavetoriskgoingout,remembertostaywarm.（如果你必須冒險外出，記得保暖）”可知，前文討論不得已在冬季風暴的時候出門應保暖，空處應會具體說明如何保暖。D項“Coverasmuchskinasyoucanwithhats,warmsocks,gloves,etc.（用帽子、保暖的襪子、手套等盡可能多地覆蓋你的皮膚）”符合語境。故選D。【40題詳析】空處位于段首，應討論洪水來臨時應采取的行動，且需和后文銜接。根據后文“Trytobringsomewaterandfoodwithyou.Ifyouliveinaone-storyhome,putmattresses(床墊)ontopofadiningroomtableforextraheightincasewaterrushesinside.（盡量帶些水和食物。如果你住在一層樓的房子里，在餐廳的桌子上放上床墊，增加高度，以防水涌入）”可推知，空處應該會提到去往某個地方躲避洪水。E項“Duringaflood,it’sbesttogotoahighfloor,ideallynearawindow.（在洪水期間，最好去高的樓層，最好靠近窗戶）”符合語境。故選E。第三部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分)第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。LastyearIruinedmysummervac