第第頁西藏自治區昌都縣2022-2023學年高一下學期期末英語試題一、閱讀理解閱讀理解13-DayArnhemLandAdventureNhulunbuy-DarwinFrom$12,395pptwinshare(pp=perperson)FullyaccommodatedTriplastsfromMaytoSep.2023Call1800:688222outbackspirittours.com.auDiscoveranunknownlandonthisspecialadventurethroughtheheartofArnhemLand.TravellingfromNhulunbuytoDarwin,you'lljourneythroughareasthatnoothertourcompanycantakeyou,andthatfewoutsidershaveeverseen.Alongtheway,stayinournetworkofluxurioussafaricamps(豪華的游獵營地)andwildernesshouses,includingtheSevenSpiritBayontheCobourgPeninsula.Aspartoftheadventure,you'llalsoenjoyrealculturalactivitieswithindigenous(土著的)guides,learningaboutthisplacefromthosewhoknowitbest.Mostexcitingpartsoftheadventureinclude:·Spend7nightsinournetworkofsafaricampsandhouses·DiscovertheArafuraSwamp,locationforthefilm"TenCanoes"·ViewancientrockartgalleriesandsailinwetlandsatDavidson'sArnhemlandSafaris,MountBorradaile·EnjoyaWelcometoCountryperformanceatYirrkala·ExploreahistoricVictoriaSettlementatPortEssington,Circa1838·DiscoverthewatersoftheCobourgMarineParkSanctuary·Fishforbarramundi&enjoybreathtakingseaadventures1．Whatdoweknowaboutthistrip?A．ItstartsatArnhemLand.B．ItwillbeorganisedforSeptemberfirst.C．Itrequireseveryvisitortospendatleast$12,395.D．Itaskspeopletopayadditionalmoneyfortheiraccommodation.2．Whatservicedoesthetripprovideforvisitors?A．ExploringAmhemLanddeeplylikeothercompaniesdo.B．Experiencinglocalculturewithindigenousguides.C．Travellingwithexperiencedoutsiders.D．Makingcampinthewild.3．Whatisoneofthemostattractivepartsofthisadventure?A．Havingchancestocookfishalone. B．VisitinghistoricalsitesatYirrkala.C．Spendingnightsatsafaricamps. D．Takingpartinmakingafilm.閱讀理解Jacques-YvesCousteau'sloveofwaterstartedatanearlyage.Bornon11June,1910inSaint-André-de-Cubzac,France,bytheageofjustfourhe'dalreadylearnedtoswim.Thoughhewasprettybadatschool,hehadagiftforunderstandingmechanicalobjects.Asateenager,heboughtamoviecamera,tookitaparttounderstandhowitworkedandthenputitbacktogetheragain.Heusedittocreatehomemovies.In1930,JacquesjoinedtheFrenchNavalAcademyandplannedtobecomeapilot,butthreeyearslaterhehadacaraccidentandgotinjured.Toregainhispower,doctorssuggestedthatheswim,andduringhistravelswiththeFrenchNavyin1936afriendgavehimsomegoggles(護目鏡)tohelphimseeunderwater.Hisplanstotaketotheskymighthavebeenkilledbutluckilyhiseyeswereopenedtoamagicalworldunderthesea.In1950,JacquesgotholdofanoldBritishwarshipandturneditintoaresearchvessel(船)thathenamedtheRVCalypso.Heusedittosailaroundtheworldandasabaseforexploringunderwaterhabitatsandshipwrecks(遇難船)—fromtheAntarctictotheAmazon.Buthesoonrealizedthattocollectmoneyforhisresearchheneededtogetthepublicinterested,sohebeganwritingbooksandmakingTVseriesabouthisadventures.HefinallywonthreeOscarsforhisfilms.Inthe1960s,Jacquesjoinedinthreefuturisticprojectstobuildunderwaterlabs,nicknamedConshelfⅠ,ⅡandⅢ.Andin1963heandfiveotherresearchersspent30dayslivingunderthesea!Duringhismanyexplorations,Jacquesbegantonoticetheharmhumansweredoingtothesea,soin1973hesetuptheCousteauSocietyfortheProtectionofOceanLife.Jacquesspenttherestofhislifesupportingenvironmentalcausessuchasbanningwhalehunting.Hediedin1997,butwillalwaysberememberedforhispioneeringunderwaterexploration!4．WhatopenedthedoorforJacquestoexplorethesea?A．Hisexperienceoflearningtoswim. B．HisexperienceoftravelingwiththeFrenchNavy.C．Hisdoctor'sencouragement. D．Hisfriend'ssuggestions.5．WhydidJacquesstarttowritebooks?A．ToaffordhistriptoBritain. B．Tofollowhisdreamsoffilming.C．Toraisemoneyforhisresearch. D．Tosharehistripswiththepublic.6．WhatdidJacquesfindwhenheexploredthesea?A．Humansknewlittleaboutthesea.B．Humanshadharmedtheseaalot.C．Humansdidagreatjobinprotectingthesea.D．Humansshouldbespendingmoremoneyonresearchingthesea.7．Thistextismainlydevelopedby____.A．followingthetimeorder B．makingcomparisonsCexaminingdifferences D.givingexamples閱讀理解Theplotofthestoryof"TheMillionPoundBankNote"centersontheimpossibilityofencashing(兌現)ahighvaluedbanknotebyacommonman.Withinthisstoryitisnarrated(敘述)thatonlytwosuchnoteswereeverissuedandanyonewhowalksintoabanktocashthatnotewillgethimselfintrouble.So,dosuchmillionpoundbanknotesreallyexist?Let'sdoabitofdiggingaroundforthepurposeofsatisfyingthecuriosityoverthisquestion.Suchhighvaluedpoundbanknotesdoexist,andtheywereusuallyusedfortransactions(交易)withinbanks.TheBankofEnglandused"onemillion"and"hundredmillion"poundbanknotestokeepparity(等價)withbanknotesissuedbyScottishandNorthernIrishbanks.Thesenotes—theonemilliononeswerecalled"giants"andcameinA5sizeandthehundredmilliononeswerecalled"titans"havinganA4size—weremorelikeIOUdocuments(legalformsthatdescribealoanbetweenalenderandaborrower)andtheywerespecialissuesfromtheBankofEnglandtomeettherequirementofbackingthevalueofeverydaynotesissuedbybanksinScotlandandNorthernIreland.NinesuchonemillionpoundnoteswereissuedinconnectionwiththeMarshallPlan(theUS'spost-waraidprogramtoWesternEurope),equaltotheloanfromtheUSafterWorldWarII(WWII)in1948.Aftercancellation(取消),ofthesenineonlysevenweredestroyedandtwosurvivedwithprivatecollectors.Suchhighvaluednotesarenotusuallyfoundinthenormaltransactionalscenesanditisbelievedthatnoteswortheightbillionpoundswereprintedintheseheavydenominations(面額)intotal.MarkTwaincancreatehumorfromnarrationsofunrealistic(不現實的)andoftenfunnysimplesituationsand"TheMillionPoundBankNote"isaniceexampleofhisstorytellingabilities.8．Whydoestheauthormention"TheMillionPoundBankNote"inparagraph1?A．Tobringupthetopic. B．Toquestionthereaders.C．Toretellthefamousstory. D．Tosupportthetopic.9．Whatcanwelearnabout"giants"and"titans"?A．Theywerethesamesize. B．Theyweresoldatadiscount.C．TheywereissuedbybanksinScotland. D．Theyweremainlyusedwithinbanks.10．Whatdoweknowaboutthenine1948onemillionpoundnotes?A．SevenofthemweredestroyedinWWII. B．Twoofthembecameprivatecollections.C．Allarewortheightbillionpoundsnow. D．Allwereusedbythepublicatthattime.11．Whatdoestheauthorwanttodointhelastparagraph?A．ToshowMarkTwain'shumor.B．TopraiseMarkTwainandhiswork.C．Tointroduce"TheMillionPoundBankNote".D．TouncoverMarkTwain'sattitudetowardssociety.閱讀理解Anewlypublishedstudyshowsthatchessplayersperformobjectivelyworseand—makemoresuboptimal(次最優的)moveswhenthereismorefineparticulatematter(顆粒物)intheair."Wefindthatwhenindividualsareexposedtohigherlevelsofairpollution,theymakemoremistakes,andtheymakelargermistakes,"saysJuanPalacios,aco-authorofanewlypublishedpaperdetailingthestudy'sfindings.Scholarshaveproducedmanystudiesexploringtheeffectsofairpollutiononcognition.Thecurrentstudyaddstothatliteraturebyanalyzingthesubjectinaparticularlycontrolledsetting.Thescholarsusedthreeweb-connectedsensorsinsidethetournamentvenuetomeasurecarbondioxide,PM2.5concentrations,andtemperature,allofwhich,can,beaffectedbyexternalconditions,eveninanindoorsetting.Toevaluatethematterofperformanceofplayers,meanwhile,thescholarsusedsoftwareprogramsthatassesseachmovemadeineachchessmatch,identifyoptimaldecisions,andflagsignificanterrors.Duringthetournaments,theresearchersexaminedandruledoutalternatepotentialexplanationsforthedipinplayerperformance,suchasincreasednoise.Theyalsofoundthatcarbondioxideandtemperaturechangesdidnotcorrespondtoperformancechanges.Ultimately,theanalysisconfirmsthatthefindingsaredrivenbythedirectexposuretoairparticles.Theresearchersalsofoundthatwhenairpollutionwasworse,thechess,playersperformedevenmorepoorlywhenundertimeconstraints.Thetourmamentrulesrequiredthat40moveshadtobemadewithin110minutes;formoves31-40inall,thematches,anairpollution,increaseof10micro-gramspercubicmeterledtoanincreasedprobabilityoferrorof3.2percent,withthemagnitudeofthoseerrorsincreasingby17.3percent.Andwhilethefocusofthisparticularstudyistightlyfocusedonchessplayers,thefindingshavestrongimplicationsforhigh-skilledofficeworkers.12．Whatdoesthestudyfindaboutairpollution?A．Itbecomesmoreandmoreseriousinthegym. B．Itcanhelpevaluatechessplayers'performance.C．Itmayaffectmorepeoplewithmentalprocesses. D．Itcan'tbeaffectedbyindoorsurroundings.13．Whyweresoftwareprogramsusedinthestudy?A．Tomeasurecarbondioxideandtemperature. B．Toassesstheperformanceofplayers.C．Tohelpplayersmakegreatmoves. D．Todistinguishplayers'errorsintime.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"constraints"probablymean?A．Limit. B．Freedom. C．Consumption. D．Measurement.15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Variousreasonsforchessplayers'mistakes. B．Anewresearchonchessplayers'performance.C．Scholars'concernaboutchessplayers'health. D．Theinfluenceofairpollutiononchessplayers.二、補全對話補全對話JoanFournierandherdaughterstoppedatafastfoodrestaurantinCornwallforsomelunch.16．However,whenherphonerangandshetookitouttoanswerthecall,withoutherknowingit,themoneyfelloutofherpocket.Laterintheeveningwhentheywentshopping,Fournierrealizedthemoneywasn'tthere.17．Thinkingsomeonemusthavepickedupthebillandsimplypocketedit,Fournierdidn'tholdoutmuchhopeforgettingbackthecash.However,shecalledtherestaurant,justincase.Fournierwassurprisedtodiscoverthe$100hadbeenfoundjustwhereithadfallen.18．BridgetPatterson,a17-year,-old-employeeoftherestaurant,wascleaningupshortlybeforeclosingtimewhenshediscoveredthebillonthefloor.Pattersonputthemoneyinanenvelope,andtooka'photooftheareawhereshe'dfounditandputitunderhermanager'sdoorwitha'noteofexplanation.Fournierreturnedtogetthemoney.19．Shewassurprised,honestly,thatPattersonwouldgotoallthattrouble.ForPatterson'spart,doinganything—butreturningthemoneynevercrossedhermind.20．"Ifithadbeentheotherwayaround,I'dwantsomeonetodothesamething,"shesaid.A.Herfirstthoughtwastoputitinherpocket.B.Fournierthoughtshewouldbegettingitback.C.Moreover,sheneverexpectedanythinginreturn.D.Inherpocket,Fournierhadhercellphoneanda$100bill.E.Shealsobroughtalongacardandacashgifttoexpressherthanks.F.Aftersearchingeverywhere,shedecidedthatmaybeitfelloutattherestaurant.G.WhenFourniercalled,sheheardthestoryofhowPattersonhadturnedinthecashshe'dfound.三、完形填空完形填空ThisismydriverJacob.Hewassentto21．meupandtakemetowhereI'llbeworking.He22．withmethatsincethepandemichehadhadtochange23．andwascurrentlyspendingsixdaysaweekawayfromhisfamilyinatownthathadmorework.He24．thenameofhishometownNahBokandsharedthathehadtospendfivehoursonhis25．dayoffonthethreedifferentbusestogetthereandbacktospendonedaywiththem.Myfatherhad26．awaywhenIwasyoung.Sometimesawayforweeksandmonthsatatime.I27．uskidswaitingforourturntohavejustacoupleofminutesonthe28．withhim.SotwohoursintoourdrivewhenIsawa29．sayingNahBokIaskedhimifthatwaswherehisfamily30．.Hesaidyesanditwasabout5milesdowntheroad.Isaidwhydidn'twe31．andsayhello.HelookedatmelikeIwas32．orjokingandIsaidagain.Aswe33．hiswifewaschattingonthesideoftheroadwithhismother.Allofthechildrencameout.Theywereso34．toseehim.Bekind.Slowdownandlistentopeople'sstories.Takethetimetogivesomebodyelsea35．evenifit'sjustyourtime.21．A．lift B．pick C．cheer D．wake22．A．argued B．compared C．shared D．associated23．A．jobs B．addresses C．cars D．passengers24．A．forgot B．mentioned C．discovered D．appreciated25．A．only B．extra C．tiring D．average26．A．escaped B．run C．moved D．worked27．A．remember B．interview C．observe D．prevent28．A．way B．phone C．march D．mission29．A．note B．passer-by C．sign D．highway30．A．met B．gathered C．reunited D．lived31．A．speed B．appear C．stop D．call32．A．crazy B．abnormal C．considerate D．stubborn33．A．pulledover B．settleddown C．tookover D．brokeup34．A．calm B．fortunate C．excited D．frequent35．A．ride B．gift C．break D．hug四、語法填空語法填空Anearly300-year-oldmusicalinstrument36．(know)asaviolincouldsoonsellformorethan$10million.Theinstrument37．(make)byItalianviolinmakerGiuseppeGuarneriin1736.TheviolinisownedbyRegisPasquier,38．boughttheviolinmorethan20yearsago.Hegaveaconcertthefollowingdaywithouteven39．(practise)ontheinstrument.Perrine,fromaFrenchauctionhouse,noted,"Forhim,thisinstrumentwasperfect."Pasquierhassinceplayedtheinstrumentin40．(place)likeCamegieHallinNewYorkandtheOpera'GarnierinParis.Perrinesaiditcould41．(probable)sellforupto$10million.Atthatprice,theviolinwouldnotevenbethecostliestintheworld.In2012,42．unnamedbuyerpaid$16millionforaviolinthatwasonceownedby19th-centuryviolinistHenriVieuxtemps.Thatviolinis43．loantoAmericanviolinistAnneAkikoMeyersfortherestofherlife.Themost44．(value)violinisbelievedtobetheMessiahStradivarius.Theviolinisestimated45．(be)worth$20million.ItcanbeseenattheAshmoleanMuseuminOxford,England.五、書面表達46．假定你是李華，上周五你班在英語課上進行了以"Don'tjustmakemoney,makeadifference"為主題的討論會。請你為校英語報寫一篇報道內容包括:1.討論會的目的和時間；2.討論會的內容；3.活動反響。注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右。47．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。CarlosandMayadreamedofbecomingspaceexplorers.Ontheirwayhome,CarlosandMayasawaspaceshipinthewindowofatoystore.Theywentinsidethestoretoseehowmuchitcost.Theysawthepriceanditwastooexpensive.Theytriedtopooltheirmoneytogetherbutitstillwasn'tenough.Theyleftthestoresadanddisappointed.Carlossuddenlyrealizedthathisbirthdaywascomingup.Maybehecouldasktheirparentstobuythespaceshipasagiftforhisbirthday.Whentheygothome,Carlosranstraighttotheirmotherandtoldherwhathewantedforhisbirthday.Theirfamilydidn'thavemuchwhenitcametomoney.So,whentheirdadstoppedbythestoretoseethetoythatCarloswanted,hefounditwastooexpensive.Theycouldn'taffordit.Onthedayofhisbirthday,Carlosgotupearly,excitedtoseehisgift.Butwhenhegottothelivingroom,hesawaspaceshipthatwasmadeoutofacardboardbox.Hisdadhadmadeitforhim.Ithadwingsoneachsideandhadenoughspacetoridein.Itwasaspaceshipbutitwasn'twhathewanted.Tearsflowed(流)fromCarlos'eyesandheranbacktohisroom.MayahadjustwokenupandsawtheirmomknockingonthedoorandaskingCarlostocomeout.Buthedidn'twantto.Mayagottothelivingroombutcouldn'tseethespaceshiptheyhadseen,onlythecardboardbox.Shesawtheirdadbesideit,bentdown(彎著腰)ononekneewithhisheaddown.Mayadidn'twantherbrothertobesadonhisbirthday.Soshetriedtothinkofawaytocheerherbrotherup.Shelookedatthecardboardspaceshipandgotanidea.Carlosdidn'thavebreakfastandnowhewashungry.Hewasabouttogetoutofbedwhenheheardaknockonthedoor.ItwasMaya.Shesaidthattheyhadasurpriseforhim.注意：續寫詞數應為150左右；請按如下格式在相應位置作答。

CarlosopenedthedoorandjustsawMayawassittinginthecardboardspaceship.

Amomentlater,theystoppedatthedinnertablewheretherewasacardthatsaid"BestRestaurantinSpace".

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．B3．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了13天阿納姆陸地冒險的相關信息。

【點評】考查閱讀理解，包含細節理解題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項，到文中找到相關內容并進行理解。1．考查細節理解。根據第二段"From$12,395pptwinshare(pp=perperson)"每人12395美元起。可知，這次旅行要求每位游客至少花費12395美元。故選C。2．考查細節理解。根據第七段中的"Aspartoftheadventure,you'llalsoenjoyrealculturalactivitieswithindigenous(土著的)guides,learningaboutthisplacefromthosewhoknowitbest."作為冒險的一部分，你還將與土著導游一起享受真正的文化活動，從最了解這里的人那里了解這個地方。可知，在這次旅行中，游客可以與土著導游一起體驗當地文化。故選B。3．考查細節理解。根據Mostexcitingpartsoftheadventureinclude:部分中的"Spend7nightsinournetworkofsafaricampsandhouses"在我們的狩獵營地和房屋網絡中度過7晚。可知，這次冒險最吸引人的部分是可以在狩獵營地過夜。故選C。【答案】4．B5．C6．B7．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了Jacques-YvesCousteau的愛好以及個人經歷和成就等信息。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇人物類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節信息。并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細節理解。根據第二段中的"duringhistravelswiththeFrenchNavyin1936afriendgavehimsomegoggles(護目鏡)tohelphimseeunderwater.Hisplanstotaketotheskymighthavebeenkilledbutluckilyhiseyeswereopenedtoamagicalworldunderthesea."1936年他隨法國海軍旅行時，一個朋友給了他一些護目鏡，幫助他看水下。他飛向天空的計劃可能被扼殺了，但幸運的是，他的眼睛看到了海底的一個神奇世界。可知，Jacques與法國海軍一起旅行的經歷為他探索海洋打開了大門。故選B。5．考查細節理解。根據第三段中的"Buthesoonrealizedthattocollectmoneyforhisresearchheneededtogetthepublicinterested,sohebeganwritingbooksandmakingTVseriesabouthisadventures."但他很快意識到，要想為自己的研究籌集資金，就必須引起公眾的興趣，于是他開始寫書，并把自己的冒險經歷拍成電視劇。可知，Jacques開始寫書是為他的研究籌集資金。故選C。6．考查細節理解。根據第四段中的"Duringhismanyexplorations,Jacquesbegantonoticetheharmhumansweredoingtothesea"在他的多次探索中，Jacques開始注意到人類對海洋的危害。可知，Jacques探索大海時發現了人類對海洋造成了很大的傷害。故選B。7．考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的"In1930,JacquesjoinedtheFrenchNavalAcadem"1930年，雅克加入法國海軍學院；第三段中的"In1950,JacquesgotholdofanoldBritishwarshipandturneditintoaresearchvessel"1950年，雅克得到了一艘舊的英國戰艦，并把它改造成了一艘考察船；以及第四段中的"Inthe1960s"在20世紀60年代；"in1963"在1963年；和"in1973"在1973年。可推知，本文是遵循時間順序展開的。故選A。【答案】8．A9．D10．B11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了現實中真實存在百萬英鎊這樣大面值的巨額鈔票。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關信息，就可以確定正確答案。8．考查推理判斷。作者在首段先描述了《百萬英鎊》的故事梗概，接著提出疑問"So,dosuchmillionpoundbanknotesreallyexist?"那么，這樣的百萬英鎊鈔票真的存在嗎?；并在第二和第三段對這一提問進行了解釋。所以作者在第一段提及《百萬英鎊》就是要引出本文所探討的話題——現實生活中是否真實存在面值百萬英鎊的鈔票。故選A。9．考查細節理解。根據第二段可知，giants和titans分別指的是面值一百萬英鎊和一億英鎊的巨額鈔票，它們的規格大小不同，但均由英格蘭銀行發行。結合"Suchhighvaluedpoundbanknotesdoexist,andtheywereusuallyusedfortransactions(交易)withinbanks."這種高價值的英鎊紙幣確實存在，它們通常用于銀行內部的交易；以及第三段中的"Suchhighvaluednotesarenotusuallyfoundinthenormaltransactionalscenes"這種高價值的票據通常不會出現在正常的交易場景中。可知，這兩種類型的鈔票一般只在銀行內部進行交易。故選D。10．考查細節理解。根據第三段中的"Aftercancellation(取消),ofthesenineonlysevenweredestroyedandtwosurvivedwithprivatecollectors."在被取消之后，這九張中只有七張被毀，兩張被私人收藏家保存了下來。可知，1948年的9張百萬英鎊中其中兩張被私人收藏家收藏。故選B。11．考查推理判斷。根據最后一段"MarkTwaincancreatehumorfromnarrationsofunrealistic(不現實的)andoftenfunnysimplesituationsand"TheMillionPoundBankNote"isaniceexampleofhisstorytellingabilities."馬克·吐溫可以通過對不現實的、常常是有趣的簡單情景的敘述來創造幽默，《百萬英鎊》就是他講故事能力的一個很好的例子；以及全文可知，作者通過首尾呼應的方式，以簡述小說《百萬英鎊》的情節開始，再以評價《百萬英鎊》展示了馬克·吐溫精彩的幽默敘事能力為結尾，既向讀者介紹了現實生活中真實存在面值百萬英鎊的鈔票，又稱贊了馬克·吐溫的敘事能力及其小說《百萬英鎊》的成功。故選B。【答案】12．C13．B14．A15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項研究表明當空氣中有更多的細顆粒物時，棋手在客觀上表現更差，并做出更多的次優動作。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應的內容，仔細核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。12．考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的"Wefindthatwhenindividualsareexposedtohigherlevelsofairpollution,theymakemoremistakes,andtheymakelargermistakes"我們發現，當個人暴露在更高水平的空氣污染中時，他們會犯更多的錯誤，也會犯更大的錯誤)"可知，空氣污染越高，棋手越會犯錯。可推知，空氣污染可能會影響更多有心理過程的人。故選C。13．考查細節理解。根據第四段中的"Toevaluatethematterofperformanceofplayers,meanwhile,thescholarsusedsoftwareprogramsthatassesseachmovemadeineachchessmatch,identifyoptimaldecisions,andflagsignificanterrors."同時，為了評估棋手的表現，學者們使用了軟件程序來評估每一場國際象棋比賽中的每一步，確定最佳決策，并標記重大錯誤。可知，在研究中使用軟件程序是為了評估棋手的表現。故選B。14．考查詞義猜測。根據最后一段中的"Theresearchersalsofoundthatwhenairpollutionwasworse,thechess,playersperformedevenmorepoorlywhenundertimeconstraints.Thetourmamentrulesrequiredthat40moveshadtobemadewithin110minutes"研究人員還發現，當空氣污染更嚴重時，國際象棋選手在時間constraints下的表現更差，比賽規則要求在110分鐘內走出40步棋。可知，比賽是有時間限制的。可推知劃線詞constraints意為"限制"。故選A。15．考查主旨大意。根據第一段"Anewlypublishedstudyshowsthatchessplayersperformobjectivelyworseand—makemoresuboptimal(次最優的)moveswhenthereismorefineparticulatematter(顆粒物)intheair."一項最新發表的研究表明，當空氣中有更多的細顆粒物時，棋手在客觀上表現更差，并做出更多的次優動作；以及第二段中的"Wefindthatwhenindividualsareexposedtohigherlevelsofairpollution,theymakemoremistakes,andtheymakelargermistakes"我們發現，當個人暴露在更高水平的空氣污染中時，他們會犯更多的錯誤，也會犯更大的錯誤。可知，文章主要講空氣污染對棋手的影響。故選D。【答案】16．D；17．F；18．G；19．E；20．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了青少年BridgetPatterson拾金不昧的故事。

【點評】考查七選五，本文是一篇故事類閱讀，要求在理解細節信息的基礎上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據空后"However,whenherphonerangandshetookitouttoanswerthecall,withoutherknowingit,themoneyfelloutofherpocket."然而，當她的電話響了，她在不知情的情況下拿出電話接電話時，錢從口袋里掉了出來。D.Inherpocket,Fournierhadhercellphoneanda$100bill."福尼爾的口袋里有她的手機和一張100美元的鈔票。"引出拿手機錢掉了的故事，符合語境，故選D。17．根據空前"Laterintheeveningwhentheywentshopping,Fournierrealizedthemoneywasn'tthere."晚上晚些時候，當他們去購物時，福尼爾意識到錢不在那里；以及空后"However,shecalledtherestaurant,justincase."然而，她打電話給餐廳，以防萬一。可知，發現錢掉了后肯定會四處找一番，回想是在哪里掉的，她猜測錢可能是在快餐店丟的，所以打電話給餐館，F.Aftersearchingeverywhere,shedecidedthatmaybeitfelloutattherestaurant."到處找了一番后，她決定也許是在餐館掉的。"承接上文，符合語境，故選F。18．根據空前"However,shecalledtherestaurant,justincase."然而，她打電話給餐廳，以防萬一；以及空后"BridgetPatterson,a17-year,-old-employeeoftherestaurant,wascleaningupshortlybeforeclosingtimewhenshediscoveredthebillonthefloor.Pattersonputthemoneyinanenvelope,andtooka'photooftheareawhereshe'dfounditandputitunderhermanager'sdoorwitha'noteofexplanation."17歲的布里奇特·帕特森是這家餐廳的一名員工，她在關門前不久打掃衛生時，發現地板上有賬單。帕特森把錢放在一個信封里，拍了一張她發現錢的地方的照片，放在經理的門下，并附上一張解釋說明。可知，當福尼爾打電話時，福尼爾了解到了帕特森拾金不昧的故事，G.WhenFourniercalled,sheheardthestoryofhowPattersonhadturnedinthecashshe'dfound."當福尼爾打電話給她時，她聽到了帕特森如何上繳她找到的現金的故事。"承上啟下，符合語境，故選G。19．根據空前"Fournierreturnedtogetthemoney."福尼爾回來拿錢。講對帕特森拾金不昧一事，福尼爾想以示感謝，E.Shealsobroughtalongacardandacashgifttoexpressherthanks."她還帶來了一張卡片和一份現金禮物表示感謝。"承接上文，符合語境，故選E。20．根據空前"ForPatterson'spart,doinganything—butreturningthemoneynevercrossedhermind."就帕特森而言，她從來沒有想過要做任何事情——但要歸還這筆錢。可知，該空應繼續講明帕特森對拾金不昧的想法，且帕特森一心只想把錢歸還給失主，可得出她這樣做不圖任何回報，承接上文，C.Moreover,sheneverexpectedanythinginreturn."此外，她從未期望得到任何回報。"符合語境，故選C。【答案】21．B；22．C；23．A；24．B；25．A；26．D；27．A；28．B；29．C；30．D；31．C；32．A；33．A；34．C；35．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者通過講述去上班路上發生的故事，建議我們在生活中放慢節奏、聆聽別人的故事，即使是在占用自己時間的時候也要花點時間成人之美。

【點評】考查完形填空，本題考點涉及副詞，動詞，名詞，形容詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：他被派去接我，帶我去我要工作的地方。A.lift"舉起"；B.pick"挑選"；C.cheer"歡呼"；D.wake"醒來"。根據上文"ThisismydriverJacob."這是我的司機雅各布；以及空后"takemetowhereI'llbeworking"可知，Jacob是作者這次的司機，他被派來接作者并送作者去上班的地方。故選B。22．句意：他與我分享，自疫情爆發以來，他不得不換工作，目前每周有六天時間離開家人，住在一個有更多工作的城鎮。A.argue"爭論"；B.compared"比較"；C.shared"分享"；D.associated"聯系"。根據語境可知，在行駛的路上，司機Jacob開始和作者分享他的故事，故選C。23．句意：他與我分享，自疫情爆發以來，他不得不換工作，目前每周有六天時間離開家人，住在一個有更多工作的城鎮。A.jobs"工作"；B.addresses"地址"；C.cars"汽車"；D.passengers"乘客"。根據空前"sincethepandemic"可知，因為疫情，他不得不更換工作，并且要去很遠的鎮上工作，因為那里工作的機會多一點。故選A。24．句意：他提到了他的家鄉NahBok的名字，并分享了他唯一的一天休息時間，他不得不花五個小時乘坐三輛不同的公交車往返，與他們共度一天。A.forgot"忘記"；B.mentioned"提到"；C.discovered"發現"；D.appreciated"欣賞"。根據語境可知，他跟作者提及他家鄉的名字，這和后面作者看到那個名字的路牌吻合。故選B。25．句意：他提到了他的家鄉NahBok的名字，并分享了他唯一的一天休息時間，他不得不花五個小時乘坐三輛不同的公交車往返，與他們共度一天。A.only"唯一的"；B.extra"額外的"；C.tiring"累人的"；D.average"普通的"。根據上文的"currentlyspendingsixdaysaweekawayfromhisfamily"目前每周有六天時間離開家人。可知，他需要工作六天，可得出一周只有唯一的一天可以回家和家人團聚。故選A。26．句意：我年輕的時候，父親一直在外工作。A.escaped"逃離"；B.run"跑"；C.moved"移動"；D.worked"工作"。根據下文"Sometimesawayforweeksandmonthsatatime."有時一次離開幾個星期甚至幾個月。可知，司機的故事讓作者想起自己小時候也有類似的經歷，作者的父親之前也是去很遠的地方工作。故選D。27．句意：我記得我們這些孩子在等著輪到我們和他通幾分鐘電話。A.remembe"記得"；B.interview"采訪"；C.observe"觀察"；D.prevent"阻止"。根據上文可知，司機的故事讓作者記起自己小時候也有類似的經歷，父親因為工作地很遠，家里的孩子們都是排隊等著和父親通話幾分鐘。故選A。28．句意：我記得我們這些孩子在等著輪到我們和他通幾分鐘電話。A.way"方法"；B.phone"電話"；C.march"前進"；D.mission"任務"。根據上文"Sometimesawayforweeksandmonthsatatime."有時一次離開幾個星期甚至幾個月。可知，父親因為工作地很遠，難以回家，所以孩子們是輪流和爸爸在電話中說話。故選B。29．句意：所以在我們開車兩個小時后，當我看到一塊寫著"NahBok"的牌子時，我問他那是不是他的家人住的地方。A.note"筆記"；B.passer-by"路人"；C.sign"標牌"；D.highway"公路"。根據空后"NahBok"可知，車行駛一段路程后，作者看到一個路牌，上面寫的地點就是之前司機所提及的地方。故選C。30．句意：所以在我們開車兩個小時后，當我看到一塊寫著"NahBok"的牌子時，我問他那是不是他的家人住的地方。A.met"遇見"；B.gathered"聚集"；C.reunited"重聚"；D.lived"居住"。根據上文"thenameofhishometownNahBok"他的家鄉NahBok的名字，可知，看到寫著"NahBok"的牌子時，作者于是就詢問司機這是否就是他的家鄉，也就是他們家居住的地方。故選D。31．句意：我說我們為什么不停下來打個招呼。A.speed"加速"；B.appea"出現"；C.stop"停止"；D.call"打電話"。根據空后"andsayhello"可知，作者因為有感司機回趟家不容易，于是就有成人之美的舉動，建議司機停車去和家人打個招呼。故選C。32．句意：他看著我，好像我瘋了，或者在開玩笑，然后我又說了一遍。A.crazy"瘋狂的"；B.abnormal"異常的"；C.considerate"體貼的"；D.stubborn"頑固的"。根據空后"orjoking"可知，司機對作者的這個提議顯然是未預料到的，因為通常都是顧客忙著趕時間催司機快速到達目的地。因此，他認為作者這個提議有點瘋狂。故選A。33．句意：當我們把車停在路邊時，他的妻子正在路邊和他的母親聊天。A.pulledover"靠路邊停車"；B.settleddown"定居"；C.tookover"接管"；D.brokeup"分手"。根據空后"hiswifewaschattingonthesideoftheroadwithhismother"可知，此處指停車時的情景，故選A。34．句意：他們見到他非常興奮。A.calm"冷靜的"；B.fortunate"幸運的"；C.excited"興奮的"；D.frequent"頻繁的"。根據上文可知，孩子們一周只能見到爸爸一次，因此這次爸爸的突然回家肯定讓他們很興奮。故選C。35．句意：花點時間給別人送禮物，即使這只是你的時間。A.ride"短途旅程"；B.gift"禮物"；C.break"休息"；D.hug"擁抱"。根據語境可知，作者建議即便是花掉了自己的時間也要去成全別人，這是給別人的一個美好的禮物。故選B。【答案】36．known；37．wasmade；38．who；39．practising；40．places；41．probably；42．an；43．on；44．valuable；45．tobe【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了幾把最有價值的小提琴。

【點評】考查語法填空，本題考點涉及非謂語動詞，時態，定語從句，名詞，副詞，冠詞，介詞，形容詞以及固定搭配等多個知識點的考查，要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，并結合相關語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。36．句意：一把有近300年歷史的稱為小提琴的樂器很快就能賣到1000多萬美元。此處作定語修飾名詞短語musicalinstrument，并與其形成動賓關系，應用過去分詞形式，故填known。37．句意：這把樂器是由意大利小提琴制造商GiuseppeGuarneri于1736年制作的。此處是謂語動詞，根據時間狀語in1736可知，應用一般過去時；主語為Theinstrument"，應用被動語態，且謂語動詞為單數形式。故填wasmade。38．句意：這把小提琴的主人是RegisPasquier，他在20多年前買下了這把小提琴。boughttheviolinmorethan20yearsago是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞RegisPasquier，在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who。故填who。39．句意：第二天他舉行了一場音樂會，甚至沒有練習過這個樂器。此處動名詞作介詞賓語，故填