2021-2022學(xué)年山東省青島市4區(qū)市高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案劃在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Turntoanadult.B.Callthepolice.C.Stopthethiefrightnow.2.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutHarry?A.He’sbad-tempered.B.He’senthusiastic.C.He’sconsiderate.3.Whatisthewomancomplainingabout?A.Thepoordecorationofherhouse.B.Thenoisemadebyherneighbor.C.Thecomplicatedwork.4.Wheredidthewomangojustnow?A.Thebookstore.B.Thesupermarket.C.Thepostoffice.5.Whyisthewomanangry?A.Themandidn’ttrusther.B.Themanbrokeherpenyesterday.C.Themandidn’tadmithismistake.第二節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Movies.B.Books.C.Actors.7Whereprobablyarethespeakers?A.Intheclassroom.B.Inthebookstore.C.Inthecinema.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.5:30p.m.B.5:15p.m.C.5:00p.m.9.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Callataxi.B.Holdaparty.C.Waitforthebus.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?AGuideandtourist.B.Fellowpassengers.C.Conductorandpassenger.11.Wheredoesthemanwanttogo?A.HowardStreet.B.LindenAvenue.C.DavisStreet.12.Whatwillthewomando?A.Listentosomemusic.B.Remindthemantogetoff.C.Turnontheairconditioner.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Doingscientificresearch.B.HostingaTVprogram.C.Conductinganinterview.14.Whatmadethemanchoosehismajor?A.Hiskeeninterest.B.Thejobprospects.C.Hisparents’expectations.15.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hewantstobecomeaprofessor.B.Hewillgraduatenextyear.C.Hebalancedstudyandworkwell.16.Whatwillthemantalkaboutnext?A.Thecausesofstress.B.Hisattitudetowardsstress.C.Thewaystorelievestress.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhoisForrestFenn?A.Anadventurer.B.Acollector.C.Areporter.18.WhydidForrestFenncreatethetreasurehunt?A.Toinspirepeopletoexplorenature.B.Tobecomefamous.C.Toshowoffhiswealth.19.Wherearethecluestothetreasurebox?A.Inthephoto.B.Inthesong.C.Inthepoem.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk?A.Thetreasureboxactuallyhasn’tbeenfound.B.Afewpeoplediedonthehuntforthetreasure.C.Thetreasureboxisworth$10million.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（15個小題，每題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AWhatcomestomindwhenyouthinkofamuseum?Perhapsyoupicturea

buildinginarathertraditionaldesignmadeofhigh-qualitystone?Perhapsyouimagineoneoftheclassicconcepts,suchastheMuseumofNaturalHistory,theMuseumofFineArt,ortheNationalMuseum.However,intheUK,somemuseumsareboundtobeconsideredalittleunconventionalandWhataboutNeilCole’sAdventuresinScienceFiction?Thismuseumofclassicsciencefictionwasopenedby

founder

NeilCole.VisitorstothisAllendaleattractioninNorthumberlandcanseeitemsrangingfrom

props

usedintheBBCseriesDrWhotopartofThor’scostumefromtheAvengersmovie.“Sciencefictionhasbecomemore

mainstream

soIthoughtpeoplemightwanttoseethis,”saysMrCole.Ifclocksaremoretoyourtaste,whynotvisittheCuckoolandMuseum?SetupbybrothersRomanandMazPiekarski,thisCheshirecollectionofover600cuckooclocksisconsideredtobethelargestofitskindintheworld–andallfromtheBlackForestregioninFinally,youcouldvisittheViktorWyndMuseumofCuriositiesinLondon.This

offbeat,alternativeinstitution

bucks

thetrendofeducatingvisitorsthroughwrittenexplanationsalongsideitscurios.Instead,itdisplaysallofitsoddtreasures,whichincludedodobones,shrunkenheadsandacollectionofMcDonald’sHappyMealtoys,withnoexplanationatall.

Thesearejustafewexamples.Therearemanymorewonderfulinstitutionsouttherethatmarchtothebeatoftheirowndrum.Allyouhavetodoisgoandfindthem!1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eccentric”inparagraph1mean?A.Wonderful. B.Unusual. C.Creative. D.Popular.2.Ifyouareasciencefictionfan,whichmuseumwillyouchoose?A.theMuseumofB.AdventuresinScienceFiction.C.TheCuckoolandD.TheViktor3.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroducethevarietyofmuseums.B.Tocomparedifferentmuseums.C.Torecommendsomeunconventionalmuseums.D.Toexplainthefunctionofmuseums.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些非傳統(tǒng)的博物館。【1題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第段中“However,intheUK,somemuseumsareboundtobeconsideredalittleunconventionalandeccentric.Nomatterhowuncommonyourinterestis,there’samuseumforyou!”（然而，在英國，一些博物館肯定會被認為有點非常規(guī)和古怪。不管你的興趣多么不同尋常，這里都有一座博物館適合你!）可知，劃線詞應(yīng)該是“非常規(guī)、非傳統(tǒng)”的意思，故選B。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“WhataboutNeilCole’sAdventuresinScienceFiction?ThismuseumofclassicsciencefictionwasopenedbyfounderNeilCole.VisitorstothisAllendaleattractioninNorthumberlandcanseeitemsrangingfrompropsusedintheBBCseriesDrWhotopartofThor’scostumefromtheAvengersmovie.”（尼爾·科爾的AdventuresinScienceFiction怎么樣?這座經(jīng)典科幻小說博物館由創(chuàng)始人尼爾·科爾主持開幕。游客們在諾森伯蘭郡的阿連德景點可以看到各種各樣的物品，從BBC電視劇《神秘博士》中使用的道具到《復(fù)仇者聯(lián)盟》中雷神托爾的部分服裝。）可知，如果你是一個科幻影迷，你可以選擇AdventuresinScienceFiction，故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Nomatterhowuncommonyourinterestis,there’samuseumforyou!”（不管你的興趣多么不同尋常，這里都有一座博物館適合你!）可知，文章的目的是推薦一些非傳統(tǒng)的博物館，故選C。BBritishresearcherssaytheyhavecreatedan

artificialintelligence

(AI)modelthatishighlyeffectiveatpredictingrainfallwithinthenext90minutes.ThemodelwasbuiltbyscientistsatGoogle-ownedresearchcompanyDeepMindinLondon.ThecompanypartneredwithresearchersattheUniversityofExeterinBritainandtheMetOffice,theBritishgovernment’snationalweatherservice.Theteamsaystestsofthesystemshoweditproducedmore

accurate

predictions,orforecasts,forshort-termrainfallthanotherexistingsystems.Accuratenowcastingcanbeaveryimportanttoolforpreparingforpossibleweatheremergencies.Itcanbeusedbyofficialsintheareasofwater

management,agriculture,airandgroundtrafficcontrolandoutdooreventplanning.“Wewereespeciallyinterestedintheabilityofthesemodelstomakepredictionsonmediumtoheavy-rainevents,whicharetheeventsthatmost

impact

peopleandtheeconomy,”theteamsaid.Thescientistssaidtheirmodelaimstocreatepredictive“movies”ofimmediateweatherpatterns.Theysaidthat,unlikeothersystems,theirscanaccuratelycapturelarge-scaleevents,aswellasseveraldifferentrainpossibilities.Thiscombinationpermits“rainfall

uncertainties”tobedeeplyexplored.Duringthetestingprocess,theteamsaidthemodelshowed“statistically

significant”improvementsintheseareascomparedtocompetingmethods.Inaddition,theresearchersreportedthatagroupofmorethan50weatherexpertsfromtheMetOfficeratedtheAImodeltobemoreaccurateandusefulin89percentofcasesthanexistingforecastingsystems.Despitethestudyresultsresearchersadmittedthatthemodelstillhaslimitations.Theysaid“moreworkisneededtoimprovetheaccuracyoflong-termpredictionsandtheaccuracyonrareandintenseevents.”Theteamsaiditwillnowcenterondevelopingnewmethodstotestandmeasurethemodel'sperformance.Itwillalsoworktocreatemorespecializedsystemstoworkinreal-worldconditions.4.WhatdoweknowaboutthenewAImodel?A.ThemodeliscreatedbyresearchersofMetOffice.B.Themodelcanpredictanyrainfallwithin90minutes.C.Themodelneedsimprovinginlong-termforecasting.D.Themodelhasbeenusedinreal-worldconditions.5.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thedifficultyofaccuratenowcasting.B.Therelationshipbetweenweatherforecastingandeconomy.C.ThenecessityofbuildingthenewAImodel.D.Theprinciplesofthenewmodel.6.WhydoesthewritermentiontheweatherexpertsfromtheMetOfficeinparagraph4?A.Toprovetheadvantageofthenewmodel.B.Tocomparethenewmodelwiththeoldsystems.C.Toexplaintheruleofweatherforecasting.D.Toshowhowtheexistingsystemworks.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ExistingForecastingsystemNeedsImprovingB.AIPredictsImmediateRainfallBetterthanExistingSystemsC.NewExplorationsinWeatherPredictionsD.NewMethodsonTestingtheAIModel'sPerformance【答案】4.C5.C6.A7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。英國研究人員創(chuàng)建了一種人工智能模型，可以高效預(yù)測未來90分鐘內(nèi)的降雨。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Despitethestudyresults,researchersadmittedthatthemodelstillhaslimitations.Theysaid“moreworkisneededtoimprovetheaccuracyoflong-termpredictionsandtheaccuracyonrareandintenseevents.”(盡管有這些研究結(jié)果，研究人員承認該模型仍然有局限性。他們說“需要做更多的工作來提高長期預(yù)測的準確性，以及對罕見和強烈事件的準確性。”)”可知，在長期預(yù)測中，該模型需要改進，故選C。【5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀第三段及第一句“Accuratenowcastingcanbeaveryimportanttoolforpreparingforpossibleweatheremergencies.(準確的臨近預(yù)報是為可能發(fā)生的天氣緊急情況做準備的一個非常重要的工具)”可知，本段主要講述了構(gòu)建新的人工智能模型的必要性，故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Inaddition,theresearchersreportedthatagroupofmorethan50weatherexpertsfromtheMetOfficeratedtheAImodeltobemoreaccurateandusefulin89percentofcasesthanexistingforecastingsystems.(此外，研究人員報告說，英國氣象局的50多名氣象專家認為，在89%的情況下，人工智能模型比現(xiàn)有的預(yù)報系統(tǒng)更準確和有用)”可知，作者提到了來自英國氣象局的氣象專家是為了證明新模式的優(yōu)勢，故選A。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文及第二段“Theteamsaystestsofthesystemshoweditproducedmoreaccuratepredictions,orforecasts,forshort-termrainfallthanotherexistingsystems.(該團隊表示，對該系統(tǒng)的測試表明，它對短期降雨量的預(yù)測比其他現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)更準確)”可知，本文的最佳標題為AIPredictsImmediateRainfallBetterthanExistingSystems(人工智能比現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)更好地預(yù)測即時降雨)。故選B。CWiththefirstquarterof2021crossedoutofyourcalendar,haveyoustuckwithyourNewYear’sresolutions?Ifyes,congratulations!Keepondoingit!However,itwon’tsurpriseanyoneifyouareamongthemajorityofpeoplewhofailtomakeanychanges.Procrastination,meaningdelayingactionsforonereasonoranother,mayplayanimportantparthere.Forexample,whenwereadabookorwritearticles,theefficiencywilldecreaseifwehaveacellphoneclosebyandwehavetofinishtheplansnextday.Apartfromprocrastination,overconfidencemayalsobepartoftheproblem.Israeli-AmericanbehavioristDanielKahnemanhasidentifiedsomethingcalled“planningfallacy”.Thismeanswebelieveourownprojectswillproceedasplannedeventhoughsimilartaskstookmoretime.Whydowekeepmakingthismistake?Inhisbook,Thinking,FastandSlow,Kahnemansaysit’sbecauseof“optimismbias”.Healsosaysweunderestimatethetimewewillneed.Inonefamousexample,plannersoriginallyestimatedtheSydneyOperaHousewouldbecompletedby1963.Itwasactuallycompletedin1973,anentiredecadelater.“Optimismandevenoverconfidencecangeneratefalsebeliefs,leadingustooverrateourabilities,”Kahnemanwrote.AccordingtoUSwriterStevePavlina,wecouldmakeato-dolistofupcomingtasks,andwritedownaroughestimateforhowlongweexpecteachtasktotake.ChinesenewssiteQdailyalsonoted,“Peoplecouldusehistoricaldatainapropermanner.Previousexperiencescanhelpthemseefuturetrends.”Anotherwayistotryandbemoreobjective—takemoreofan“outsider”view.Theabilitytothinkaboutyourexperiencesfromamoredetachedpointofview,ratherthananimmersedone,isimportant.Thesemethodsaren’tenoughtosendamantothemoon.Youalsoshouldtakeactionrightnow.8.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Ashortstory. C.Abookreview. D.Anexplanationarticle.9.Whycan’ttheplanbefinishedintimeaccordingtothepassage?A.Thetaskistoodifficult. B.Wedon’tliketotakeaction.C.Welackconfidence. D.Weoverrateourabilities.10.Whatdoesparagraph5intendtotellus?A.Waystoovercomeoptimismbias. B.C.Benefitsofanoutsiderview. D.Effectsofpreviousexperiences.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A.Thesemethodscanmakeyoumoreconfident.B.Thesemethodsarenotaseffectiveasimagined.C.Usingthesemethodscannotguaranteesuccess.D.Landingonthemoonneedsotherwaysbesidesthesemethods.【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了導(dǎo)致人們無法按時完成計劃的原因是由于拖延癥和過度自信，解釋了這背后的原因，提出了解決方法。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Procrastination,meaningdelayingactionsforonereasonoranother,mayplayanimportantparthere.Forexample,whenwereadabookorwritearticles,theefficiencywilldecreaseifwehaveacellphoneclosebyandwehavetofinishtheplansnextday.(拖延癥，意思是由于某種原因而推遲行動，可能在這里扮演著重要的角色。例如，當我們閱讀一本書或?qū)懳恼拢蕰档停绻覀冇幸粋€手機在附近，我們不得不第二天完成計劃)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了導(dǎo)致人們無法按時完成計劃的原因是由于拖延癥和過度自信，解釋了這背后的原因，提出了解決方法。可推知，文章是一篇解釋文章。故選D。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Optimismandevenoverconfidencecangeneratefalsebeliefs,leadingustooverrateourabilities(樂觀，甚至過度自信都會產(chǎn)生錯誤的信念，導(dǎo)致我們高估自己的能力)”可知，計劃不能按時完成是因為我們高估了自己的能力。故選D。【10題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“AccordingtoUSwriterStevePavlina,wecouldmakeato-dolistofupcomingtasks,andwritedownaroughestimateforhowlongweexpecteachtasktotake.ChinesenewssiteQdailyalsonoted,“Peoplecouldusehistoricaldatainapropermanner.Previousexperiencescanhelpthemseefuturetrends.”Anotherwayistotryandbemoreobjective—takemoreofan“outsider”view.Theabilitytothinkaboutyourexperiencesfromamoredetachedpointofview,ratherthananimmersedone,isimportant.(根據(jù)美國作家StevePavlina的說法，我們可以為即將到來的任務(wù)制定一個待辦事項清單，并粗略估計每項任務(wù)需要多長時間。中國新聞網(wǎng)站Qdaily也指出，“人們可以正確使用歷史數(shù)據(jù)。以前的經(jīng)歷可以幫助他們看到未來的趨勢。”另一種方法是試著變得更客觀——從“局外人”的角度看問題。從一個更超然的角度來思考你的經(jīng)歷，而不是沉浸在其中，這是很重要的)”可知，第5段想告訴我們克服樂觀偏見的方法。故選A。【11題詳解】句意猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“AccordingtoUSwriterStevePavlina,wecouldmakeato-dolistofupcomingtasks,andwritedownaroughestimateforhowlongweexpecteachtasktotake.ChinesenewssiteQdailyalsonoted,“Peoplecouldusehistoricaldatainapropermanner.Previousexperiencescanhelpthemseefuturetrends.”Anotherwayistotryandbemoreobjective—takemoreofan“outsider”view.Theabilitytothinkaboutyourexperiencesfromamoredetachedpointofview,ratherthananimmersedone,isimportant.(根據(jù)美國作家StevePavlina的說法，我們可以為即將到來的任務(wù)制定一個待辦事項清單，并粗略估計每項任務(wù)需要多長時間。中國新聞網(wǎng)站Qdaily也指出，“人們可以正確使用歷史數(shù)據(jù)。以前的經(jīng)歷可以幫助他們看到未來的趨勢。”另一種方法是試著變得更客觀——從“局外人”的角度看問題。從一個更超然的角度來思考你的經(jīng)歷，而不是沉浸在其中，這是很重要的)”以及畫線詞后文“Youalsoshouldtakeactionrightnow.”可知，第5段主要說明了克服樂觀偏見的方法，后文則說應(yīng)該馬上采取行動，可見這些方法也不一定就能保證成功。故畫線句意思是“使用這些方法并不能保證成功”。故選C。DRussiahasahistoryofbeatingtheU.S.intospace,andalongwithbeingthefirsttosendadog,man,andwomanintospace,theyjustbecamethefirstnationtosendanactressandfilmcrewupthere.ScheduledfortwoweeksoffilmingaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS),actressYuliaPeresildanddirectorKlimShipenkobecamethefirsthumanstofilmpartofafull-lengthfilminspace,beatingoutpooroldTomCruise,

whosince2020

hadmadehisintentionstofilmamovieaboardtheISSclearenoughtoNASA.TheChallenge

willbeabig-budgetRussianfilmbasedonthestoryofatopsurgeon(Peresild)whoiscalledupontoentertheRussian-moduleoftheISSforanemergencyprocedure.Whilemanyfilmscertainlyfeaturespace,

it

willbethefirstfull-lengthfictiontobefilmedontheISS.ASoyuzrocketdepartedtheEarthat4:55a.m.onOctober5th,andarrivedthreehourslatercarryingMs.Peresild,Mr.Shipenkoandtheirexperiencedastronauticalguide,AntonShkaplerov.“Itisalmostimpossibletobelievethatthisallcametoreality,”saidPeresild,openingthehatch(艙門)andfloatingintothespacelaboratory.Thepairwillgatheraround35minutesoffootage(畫面)beforedepartingonthe17thofOctober,leavingShkaplerovbehindtowork.InSeptember2020,

itwasannounced

thatCruiseandDirectorDougLimanhadbookedaflightonaSpaceXrocketheadedfortheISSinOctober2021.Evereagerforaspace-race,RussianChannelOneandafilmstudiocalledYellow,Black,andWhitejointlyannouncedwiththeRussianspaceagencyRoscosmostheirownplansforaspacemovie.WhilePeresildandShipenkowillbesettocomedownsoon,Cruise’sOctoberlaunchplansarestillupintheair.IfTomCruiseneedsabrightsidetolookon,it’sthatthelasttimeRussiaandtheU.S.hadafirst-tospacerace,Russiagotintospacefirst,buttheU.S.gottotheMoon.12.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.RussiawillcontroltheISSinsteadofNASA.B.Russiahasalonghistoryofsendinghumansintospace.C.Russiabecamethenumberoneinspacetravel.D.RussiawonthecompetitionagainstAmericatofilminspace.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheRussianfilm?A.ItisfilmedbyastronautsaboardtheISS.B.YuliaPeresildandTomCruisestartogether.C.ItshowsanurgentstoryhappeningontheISS.D.Itisthefirstfilmfeaturingspaceinhistory.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthespacetravel?A.Therocketarrivedbefore7a.m.onOctober5th.B.AntonShkaplerovisanexperiencedtouristguide.C.Peresildrefusedtoadmitthedreamcouldcometrue.D.PeresildandShipenkostayedinspaceforabout12days.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“upintheair”meaninthelastparagraph?A.Announced. B.Unsettled. C.Excited. D.Checked.【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了俄羅斯成為世界上首個登上太空拍攝電影的國家。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“theyjustbecamethefirstnationtosendanactressandfilmcrewupthere.”（他們剛剛成為第一個把演員和攝制組送上太空的國家。）可知，本文主旨大意為，俄羅斯戰(zhàn)勝了美國，率先實現(xiàn)了在太空上拍電影的愿望，故選D。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheChallengewillbeabig-budgetRussianfilmbasedonthestoryofatopsurgeon(Peresild)whoiscalledupontoentertheRussian-moduleoftheISSforanemergencyprocedure.”（《挑戰(zhàn)》將是一部大制作的俄羅斯電影，講述的是一位頂級外科醫(yī)生(Peresild飾)被召喚進入國際空間站的俄羅斯艙進行緊急手術(shù)的故事。）可知，這部俄羅斯電影展示了國際空間站上發(fā)生的一個緊急事件，故選C。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“ASoyuzrocketdepartedtheEarthat4:55a.m.onOctober5th,andarrivedthreehourslatercarryingMs.Peresild,Mr.Shipenkoandtheirexperiencedastronauticalguide,AntonShkaplerov.”（聯(lián)盟號火箭于10月5日凌晨4點55分離開地球，3小時后抵達地球，Ms.Peresild、Mr.Shipenko和他們經(jīng)驗豐富的宇航員向?qū)ntonShkaplerov也在火箭上。）和“Thepairwillgatheraround35minutesoffootage(畫面)beforedepartingonthe17thofOctober,leavingShkaplerovbehindtowork.”（兩人將在10月17日出發(fā)前收集大約35分鐘的鏡頭，留下Shkaplerov繼續(xù)工作。）可知，Peresild和Shipenko在太空待了大約12天，故選D。【15題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“WhilePeresildandShipenkowillbesettocomedownsoon,Cruise’sOctoberlaunchplansarestillupintheair.”（雖然Peresild和Shipenko很快就會降落，但Cruise10月的發(fā)射計劃仍懸而未決。）可知，劃線詞應(yīng)該是“未解決的”的意思，故選B。【點睛】第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。StudyshowsthatwearingmasksoutdoorscanprotectagainstmorethanCovid-19forpeoplewhosufferfromseasonalallergies.Protectionvariesmasktomask,dependingonthefitand,forclothmasks,theweaveofthefabric.Andunlessyouwearamaskatalltimes,youmaystillbeaffectedbyindoordustorotherthingscarriedthroughopenwindows.____16____●Protectyoureyes.

____17____Ithelpsblockallergensliketreepollenfrommakingdirectcontactwitheyes.●Washandchangeyourmaskfrequently.

“Thelastthingyouwantisallergengettingtrappedinit,”Dr.Parikh,anallergistandimmunologistatN.Y.U.LangoneHealthsaid.Sherecommendspatientschangetheirclotheswhentheygethomeandshowerbeforesleep,toensurethatpollendoesn'tsticktotheirskin,andwashreusablemasksfrequently.____18____●Findamaskthatdoesn’tmakeyourskinpainful.

Choosingthe

rightmask

foranallergy-pronewearercanalsobeimportant.Peoplewithsensitiveskinmayreacttodyesinsomefabricmasksandshoulduseperfume-freedetergents.____19____“Myallergysufferershaveverysensitiveskinbecausethesamecrittersthatmakethemsneezeorcoughalsocanirritatetheirskin,”Dr.Parikhsaid.●

____20____

“Ifpeoplearecontinuingtohavesymptomsthatinterferewithnormalactivity—ifthey’remissingwork,missingschool,theirsleepisdisruptedatnight—seeaphysician,”Dr.Lang,anallergistatClevelandClinic,said.“Thereareotherwayswecanhelp.Youshouldn’tbesufferingneedlessly.”A.Wearglassesorsunglasseswhenyou’reoutside.B.Talktoadoctorifyourallergysymptomsaresevere.C.Therearemoretipstoreduceyoursymptomsinallergyseasons.D.Wearingamaskalsomakestheairthroughournosemuchwarmer.E.Orchooseamedicalgrademaskwhichislesslikelytoirritateskin.F.Giveupourmasksifweheadintoanotherpandemicseasoninthefuture.G.TheCenterforDiseaseControl

recommendswashing

aclothmaskaftereachuse.【答案】16.C17.A18.G19.E20.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些減少戴口罩過敏癥狀的建議。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“StudyshowsthatwearingmasksoutdoorscanprotectagainstmorethanCovid-19forpeoplewhosufferfromseasonalallergies.Protectionvariesmasktomask,dependingonthefitand,forclothmasks,theweaveofthefabric.Andunlessyouwearamaskatalltimes,youmaystillbeaffectedbyindoordustorotherthingscarriedthroughopenwindows.(研究表明，對于季節(jié)性過敏的人來說，在戶外戴口罩不僅能預(yù)防Covid-19。防護措施因人而異，這取決于口罩的合身程度，對于布制口罩來說，還取決于織物的編織。除非你一直戴著口罩，否則你仍然可能受到室內(nèi)灰塵或其他從開著的窗戶帶入的東西的影響)”結(jié)合后文主要提出了一些減少過敏的方法，C選項“有更多的建議來減少你在過敏季節(jié)的癥狀”符合語境，故選C。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“●Protectyoureyes.(保護你的眼睛)”以及后文“Ithelpsblockallergensliketreepollenfrommakingdirectcontactwitheyes.(它有助于阻止樹花粉等過敏原直接接觸眼睛)”可知，本句旨在說明保護眼睛的具體方法，A選項“當你在室外時，戴上眼鏡或太陽鏡”符合語境，故選A。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“●Washandchangeyourmaskfrequently.“Thelastthingyouwantisallergengettingtrappedinit,”Dr.Parikh,anallergistandimmunologistatN.Y.U.LangoneHealthsaid.Sherecommendspatientschangetheirclotheswhentheygethomeandshowerbeforesleep,toensurethatpollendoesn'tsticktotheirskin,andwashreusablemasksfrequently.(●經(jīng)常清洗和更換口罩。紐約大學(xué)朗格尼健康中心的過敏癥專科醫(yī)生和免疫學(xué)家帕里克博士說：“你最不希望的就是過敏原被困在里面。”她建議患者回家后換衣服，睡覺前洗澡，以確保花粉不會粘在他們的皮膚上，并經(jīng)常清洗可重復(fù)使用的口罩)”可知，本段的建議是經(jīng)常清洗和更換口罩，G選項中washingaclothmask對應(yīng)上文中Washandchangeyourmask。G選項“美國疾病控制中心建議每次使用后清洗口罩”符合語境，故選G。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Findamaskthatdoesn’tmakeyourskinpainful.Choosingtherightmaskforanallergy-pronewearercanalsobeimportant.Peoplewithsensitiveskinmayreacttodyesinsomefabricmasksandshoulduseperfume-freedetergents.(找到不會讓你的皮膚疼痛的口罩。為易過敏的佩戴者選擇合適的口罩也很重要。敏感皮膚的人可能會對某些織物口罩中的染料有反應(yīng)，應(yīng)該使用無香水的洗滌劑)”以及后文““Myallergysufferershaveverysensitiveskinbecausethesamecrittersthatmakethemsneezeorcoughalsocanirritatetheirskin,”Dr.Parikhsaid.(“我的過敏患者皮膚非常敏感，因為讓他們打噴嚏或咳嗽的同種生物也會刺激他們的皮膚，”Parikh醫(yī)生說)”可知，本段主要是關(guān)于選擇口罩的建議，后文提到了皮膚敏感，因此應(yīng)該選擇不刺激皮膚的口罩。E選項“或者選擇不太可能刺激皮膚的醫(yī)用口罩”符合語境，故選E。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后文““Ifpeoplearecontinuingtohavesymptomsthatinterferewithnormalactivity—ifthey’remissingwork,missingschool,theirsleepisdisruptedatnight—seeaphysician,”Dr.Lang,anallergistatClevelandClinic,said.“Thereareotherwayswecanhelp.Youshouldn’tbesufferingneedlessly.”(“如果人們繼續(xù)有干擾正常活動的癥狀——如果他們錯過工作、上學(xué)、晚上睡眠被打亂——去看醫(yī)生，”克利夫蘭診所的過敏癥專科醫(yī)生朗醫(yī)生說。“我們還可以通過其他方式提供幫助。你不應(yīng)該無謂地受苦。”)”可知，本段的建議是過敏了就去看醫(yī)生，B選項中Talktoadoctor對應(yīng)后文中seeaphysician。B選項“如果你的過敏癥狀很嚴重，就去看醫(yī)生”符合語境，故選B。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。What’sthedifferencebetweenhavingthedreamandlivingthedream?WandaSmithalwayswantedtobeaschoolteacherbutsometimesmeetinglife’sdemandingrealitiescanmeanadream____21____.Amotherofthree,Smithalsocaredforhermom.Directlyshoulderingherfamily____22____,shetookjobsasbusmonitorandcaretakerforBrenhamIndependentSchoolDistrictinTexas.Thehoursweredifficultand____23____,butratherthanletherdreamdie,sheaddednightclassestoher____24____.Nineyearson,shefinallygraduatedwithabachelor’sdegreefromSamHoustonStateUniversity.Shewasa(an)____25____teacheratlast.Smith’sstorycamefull____26____whenshewashiredasafirst-gradeDuringthepandemic,assomeofherstudentsstruggledtomeetthedemandsof____29____learning,Smithsteppeduptothe____30____.Notingthatmanyofthekidssheteachescomefromsingle-parentfamilies,shebegan____31____packetsofschoolworktothemathome.It’snowonderSmith’skids____32____her.Inaspecialsurpriseceremony,theyshoutedtheirpraiseforher.Smith’slifeisanexampleaswellasan____33____.Byalwaystryingtobethebestshecouldbe,withheartand____34____shegraduatedfromcleaningclassroomstoleadingclassrooms—andthat____35____putsheronourhonorroll.21.A.realized B.delayed C.formed D.lost22.A.balance B.expenses C.responsibilities D.loan23.A.tiring B.exciting C.long D.valuable24.A.dream B.schedule C.stories D.graduation25.A.part-time B.good C.certified D.ordinary26.A.time B.life C.look D.circle27.A.monitor B.caretaker C.student D.teacher28.A.living B.having C.breaking D.dreaming29.A.experimental B.distance C.English D.self30.A.lesson B.stairs C.challenge D.work31.A.buying B.describing C.selling D.delivering32.A.adore B.hate C.annoy D.touch33.A.occasion B.inspiration C.occupation D.exception34.A.skill B.favor C.devotion D.thought35.A.sincerely B.accidentally C.especially D.certainly【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.B25.C26.D27.D28.A29.B30.C31.D32.A33.B34.C35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了旺達·史密斯是如何通過堅持和努力，實現(xiàn)了自己當老師的夢想的。史密斯的一生是一個榜樣，也是一種鼓舞。憑著她的愛心和奉獻精神，她一直努力做到最好，從打掃教室到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)教室，這也使她登上了榮譽榜。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：旺達·史密斯一直想成為一名教師，但有時滿足生活的現(xiàn)實可能意味著夢想被推遲。A.realized意識到；B.delayed推遲；C.formed形成；D.lost丟失。根據(jù)后文“Amotherofthree,Smithalsocaredforhermom.”可知，旺達要照顧三個孩子，所以夢想被推遲。故選B。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她直接承擔起了家庭責任，在德克薩斯州的布倫漢獨立學(xué)區(qū)擔任了校車監(jiān)督員和看門人。A.balance平衡；B.expenses花費；C.responsibilities責任；D.loan貸款。根據(jù)上文“Amotherofthree,Smithalsocaredforhermom.”可知，旺達是三個孩子的母親，要承擔家庭責任。故選C。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這段時間很辛苦，也很累，但她沒有讓夢想破滅，而是把夜校加入了自己的時間表。A.tiring累人的；B.exciting令人興奮的；C.long長的；D.valuable寶貴的。根據(jù)上文“shetookjobsasbusmonitorandcaretakerforBrenhamIndependentSchoolDistrictinTexas.”可知，她擔任了校車監(jiān)督員和看門人，所以這段時間很辛苦，也很累，故選A。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這段時間很辛苦，也很累，但她沒有讓夢想破滅，而是把夜校加入了自己的時間表。A.dream夢想；B.schedule時間表；C.stories故事；D.graduation畢業(yè)。根據(jù)上文“butratherthanletherdreamdie,sheaddednightclassestoher”可知，旺達沒有讓夢想破滅，選擇去上夜校，即“把夜校加入了自己的時間表”。故選B。25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她終于成為一名有資格證書的教師了。A.part-time兼職的；B.good好的；C.certified被證明的；D.ordinary普通的。根據(jù)上文“Nineyearson,shefinallygraduatedwithabachelor’sdeg