《安全員》TheSecurity第二節施工安全技術措施SectionIITechnicalMeasuresforConstructionSafety第二節施工安全技術措施SectionIITechnicalMeasuresforConstructionSafety安全技術措施，系指為防止工傷事故和職業病的危害，從技術上采取的措施。Safetytechnicalmeasuresrefertothemeasurestakentechnicallytopreventthehazardsofwork-relatedaccidentsandoccupationaldiseases.第二節施工安全技術措施SectionIITechnicalMeasuresforConstructionSafety安全技術措施，系指為防止工傷事故和職業病的危害，從技術上采取的措施。Safetytechnicalmeasuresrefertothemeasurestakentechnicallytopreventthehazardsofwork-relatedaccidentsandoccupationaldiseases.工程施工中，針對工程的特點、施工現場環境、施工方法、勞動組織、作業方法、使用的機械、動力設備、變配電設施、架設工具以及各項安全防護設施等制定的確保安全施工的措施，稱為施工安全技術措施。施工安全技術措施是施工組織設計(或施工方案)的重要組織部分。Intheconstructionoftheproject,themeasurestoensurethesafetyoftheconstructionareformulatedforthecharacteristicsoftheproject,theconstructionsiteenvironment,theconstructionmethod,thelabourorganisation,theoperationmethod,themachineryused,thepowerequipment,thesubstationanddistributionfacilities,theerectiontoolsandthesafetyprotectionfacilities,etc.Theyarecalledconstructionsafetytechnicalmeasures.Constructionsafetytechnicalmeasuresareanimportantpartoftheconstructionorganisationdesign(orconstructionprogramme).工程大致分為兩種：一是結構共性較多的稱為一般工程；二是結構比較復雜、施工特點較多的稱為特殊工程。Theworksarebroadlydividedintotwotypes:firstly,thosewithmorestructuralcommonalitiesarecalledgeneralworks;secondly,thosewithmorecomplexstructuresandconstructionfeaturesarecalledspecialworks.有人認為在安全技術措施中摘錄幾條標準就可以了。這是行不通的。因為，即使是同類結構的工程，由于施工條件、環境等不同，既有共性，也有不同之處。不同之處在共性措施中就無法解決。因此應根據工程施工特點，將不同危險因素，按照有關規程的規定，結合以往的施工經驗與教訓，參照以下內容編制安全技術措施。Somepeoplethinkthatafewexcerptsofstandardsinthesafetytechnicalmeasureswillbesufficient.Thisisnotfeasible.Because,evenifitisthesamekindofstructureoftheproject,duetotheconstructionconditions,environmentandotherdifferent,therearecommonality,butalsodifferences.Thedifferencescannotbesolvedinthecommonmeasures.Therefore,accordingtotheconstructioncharacteristicsoftheproject,differentriskfactorsshouldbecompiledinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftherelevantregulations,combinedwithpreviousconstructionexperienceandlessonslearned,withreferencetothefollowingcontentofthetechnicalsafetymeasures.(1)土方工程。根據基坑、基槽、地下室等挖土方深度和土的種類，選擇開挖方法，確定邊坡的坡度或采取哪種護坡支撐和護地樁，以防土方塌方。(1)Earthwork.Accordingtothedepthofexcavationandthetypeofsoilinthefoundationpit,trenchandbasement,choosetheexcavationmethodanddeterminetheslopeofthesideslopeorwhichkindofslopeprotectionsupportandgroundprotectionpiletopreventtheearthfromcollapsing.(3)高處作業的上下安全通道。(3)Safepassageupanddownforworkingatheight.(2)腳手架、吊籃、工具式腳手架等選用及設計搭設方案和安全防護措施。(2)Selectionanddesignofscaffolding,hangingbaskets,tooledscaffolding,etc.anderectionprogrammesandsafetymeasures.1．一般工程安全技術措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(1)土方工程。根據基坑、基槽、地下室等挖土方深度和土的種類，選擇開挖方法，確定邊坡的坡度或采取哪種護坡支撐和護地樁，以防土方塌方。(1)Earthwork.Accordingtothedepthofexcavationandthetypeofsoilinthefoundationpit,trenchandbasement,choosetheexcavationmethodanddeterminetheslopeofthesideslopeorwhichkindofslopeprotectionsupportandgroundprotectionpiletopreventtheearthfromcollapsing.(3)高處作業的上下安全通道。(3)Safepassageupanddownforworkingatheight.(2)腳手架、吊籃、工具式腳手架等選用及設計搭設方案和安全防護措施。(2)Selectionanddesignofscaffolding,hangingbaskets,tooledscaffolding,etc.anderectionprogrammesandsafetymeasures.1．一般工程安全技術措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(1)土方工程。根據基坑、基槽、地下室等挖土方深度和土的種類，選擇開挖方法，確定邊坡的坡度或采取哪種護坡支撐和護地樁，以防土方塌方。(1)Earthwork.Accordingtothedepthofexcavationandthetypeofsoilinthefoundationpit,trenchandbasement,choosetheexcavationmethodanddeterminetheslopeofthesideslopeorwhichkindofslopeprotectionsupportandgroundprotectionpiletopreventtheearthfromcollapsing.(3)高處作業的上下安全通道。(3)Safepassageupanddownforworkingatheight.(2)腳手架、吊籃、工具式腳手架等選用及設計搭設方案和安全防護措施。(2)Selectionanddesignofscaffolding,hangingbaskets,tooledscaffolding,etc.anderectionprogrammesandsafetymeasures.1．一般工程安全技術措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(4)安全網(平網、立網)的架設要求，范圍(保護區域)、架設層次、段落。(4)Theerectionrequirementsofsafetynets(flatnets,verticalnets),thescope(protectionarea),erectionlevelsandparagraphs.(6)施工洞口及臨邊的防護方法和立體交叉施工作業區的隔離措施。(6)Constructionholesandthemethodofprotectionoftheadjacentedgeandtheisolationmeasuresofthethree-dimensionalcrossconstructionworkarea.(5)對施工用的電梯、井架(龍門架)等垂直運輸設備，位置搭設要求，穩定性、安全裝置等的要求和措施。(5)Therequirementsandmeasuresforverticaltransportequipmentsuchaslifts,derricks(gantries)forconstruction,locationerectionrequirements,stability,safetydevices,etc.1．一般工程安全技術措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(4)安全網(平網、立網)的架設要求，范圍(保護區域)、架設層次、段落。(4)Theerectionrequirementsofsafetynets(flatnets,verticalnets),thescope(protectionarea),erectionlevelsandparagraphs.(6)施工洞口及臨邊的防護方法和立體交叉施工作業區的隔離措施。(6)Constructionholesandthemethodofprotectionoftheadjacentedgeandtheisolationmeasuresofthethree-dimensionalcrossconstructionworkarea.(5)對施工用的電梯、井架(龍門架)等垂直運輸設備，位置搭設要求，穩定性、安全裝置等的要求和措施。(5)Therequirementsandmeasuresforverticaltransportequipmentsuchaslifts,derricks(gantries)forconstruction,locationerectionrequirements,stability,safetydevices,etc.1．一般工程安全技術措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(4)安全網(平網、立網)的架設要求，范圍(保護區域)、架設層次、段落。(4)Theerectionrequirementsofsafetynets(flatnets,verticalnets),thescope(protectionarea),erectionlevelsandparagraphs.(6)施工洞口及臨邊的防護方法和立體交叉施工作業區的隔離措施。(6)Constructionholesandthemethodofprotectionoftheadjacentedgeandtheisolationmeasuresofthethree-dimensionalcrossconstructionworkarea.(5)對施工用的電梯、井架(龍門架)等垂直運輸設備，位置搭設要求，穩定性、安全裝置等的要求和措施。(5)Therequirementsandmeasuresforverticaltransportequipmentsuchaslifts,derricks(gantries)forconstruction,locationerectionrequirements,stability,safetydevices,etc.1．一般工程安全技術措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(7)場內運輸道路及人行通道的布置。(7)Thearrangementoftransportroadsandpedestrianaccessinthesite.(8)編制施工臨時用電的組織設計和繪制臨時用電圖紙。在建工程(包括腳手架具)的外側邊緣與外電架空線路的間距設有達到最小安全距離采取的防護措施。(8)Preparationoftheorganisationaldesignoftemporaryelectricityforconstructionanddrawingoftemporaryelectricity.Thespacingbetweentheouteredgesoftheconstructioninprogress(includingscaffoldingequipment)andtheoverheadlinesofexternalelectricityisprovidedwithprotectivemeasurestoachievetheminimumsafetydistance..1．一般工程安全技術措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(7)場內運輸道路及人行通道的布置。(7)Thearrangementoftransportroadsandpedestrianaccessinthesite.(8)編制施工臨時用電的組織設計和繪制臨時用電圖紙。在建工程(包括腳手架具)的外側邊緣與外電架空線路的間距設有達到最小安全距離采取的防護措施。(8)Preparationoftheorganisationaldesignoftemporaryelectricityforconstructionanddrawingoftemporaryelectricity.Thespacingbetweentheouteredgesoftheconstructioninprogress(includingscaffoldingequipment)andtheoverheadlinesofexternalelectricityisprovidedwithprotectivemeasurestoachievetheminimumsafetydistance..1．一般工程安全技術措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(9)防火、防毒、防爆、防雷等安全措施。(9)Safetymeasuresforfire,gas,explosionandlightningprotection.(10)在建工程與周圍人行通道及民房的防護隔離設置。(10)Protectiveisolationofconstructioninprogressfromsurroundingpedestrianpassagesandresidentialbuildings..1．一般工程安全技術措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures(9)防火、防毒、防爆、防雷等安全措施。(9)Safetymeasuresforfire,gas,explosionandlightningprotection.(10)在建工程與周圍人行通道及民房的防護隔離設置。(10)Protectiveisolationofconstructioninprogressfromsurroundingpedestrianpassagesandresidentialbuildings..1．一般工程安全技術措施1.Generalengineeringsafetytechnicalmeasures對于結構復雜，危險性大，特性較多的特殊工程，應編制單項的安全措施。如，爆破、大型吊裝、沉箱、沉井、煙囪、水塔，各種特殊架設作業、高層腳手架、井架和拆除工程等，必須編制單項的安全技術措施。并要有設計依據、有計算、有詳圖、有文字要求。Forthecomplexstructure,highrisk,specialprojectswithmorecharacteristics,asinglesafetymeasureshouldbeprepared.Forexample,blasting,largelifting,caissons,sinkholes,chimneys,watertowers,variousspecialerectionoperations,high-risescaffolding,derricksanddemolitionworks,etc.,mustbepreparedasasinglesafetytechnicalmeasures.Andtheremustbeadesignbasis,calculations,detaileddrawingsandtextualrequirements.2．特殊工程安全技術措施2、Safetytechnicalmeasuresforspecialworks季節性施工安全措施，就是考慮不同季節的氣候，對施工生產帶來的不安全因素，可能造成各種突發性事故，而從防護上、技術上、管理上采取的措施。一般建筑工程可在施工組織設計或施工方案的安全技術措施中，編制季節性施工安全措施；危險性大、高溫期長的建筑工程，應單獨編制季節性的施工安全措施。季節性主要指夏季、雨季和冬季。各季節性施工安全的主要內容是：Seasonalconstructionsafetymeasuresrefertomeasurestakenfromtheperspectivesofprotection,technology,andmanagement,takingintoaccounttheunsafefactorscausedbydifferentseasonalclimatesinconstructionproduction,whichmaycausevariousunexpectedaccidents.Ingeneralconstructionprojects,seasonalconstructionsafetymeasurescanbeformulatedinthesafetytechnicalmeasuresoftheconstructionorganizationdesignorconstructionplan;Forconstructionprojectswithhighriskandlonghigh-temperatureperiods,seasonalconstructionsafetymeasuresshouldbeseparatelyprepared.Seasonalitymainlyreferstosummer,rainyseason,andwinter.Themaincontentsofseasonalconstructionsafetyare:3．季節性施工安全措施3.Seasonalconstructionsafetymeasures1)采用多種形式，對職工進行防暑降溫知識的宣傳教育，使職工知道中暑癥狀，學會對中暑病人采取應急措施。1)Usevariousformstoeducateworkersaboutheatstrokepreventionandcooling,sothattheyknowthesymptomsofheatstrokeandlearntotakeemergencymeasuresforheatstrokepatients.3)對在容器內和高溫條件下的作業場所，要采取措施，搞好通風和降溫。3)Forworkplacesincontainersandunderhightemperatureconditions,measuresshouldbetakentoimproveventilationandcooling.2)合理調整作息時間，避開中午高溫時間工作，嚴格控制工人加班加點，高處作業工人的工作時間要適當縮短。保證工人有充足的休息和睡眠時間。2)Reasonablyadjustworkingandrestinghours,avoidworkingduringhightemperaturehoursatnoon,strictlycontrolworkersworkingovertimeandshortentheworkinghoursofworkersworkingathighplacesappropriately.Ensurethatworkershavesufficientrestandsleeptime.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時間持續較長，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.1)采用多種形式，對職工進行防暑降溫知識的宣傳教育，使職工知道中暑癥狀，學會對中暑病人采取應急措施。1)Usevariousformstoeducateworkersaboutheatstrokepreventionandcooling,sothattheyknowthesymptomsofheatstrokeandlearntotakeemergencymeasuresforheatstrokepatients.3)對在容器內和高溫條件下的作業場所，要采取措施，搞好通風和降溫。3)Forworkplacesincontainersandunderhightemperatureconditions,measuresshouldbetakentoimproveventilationandcooling.2)合理調整作息時間，避開中午高溫時間工作，嚴格控制工人加班加點，高處作業工人的工作時間要適當縮短。保證工人有充足的休息和睡眠時間。2)Reasonablyadjustworkingandrestinghours,avoidworkingduringhightemperaturehoursatnoon,strictlycontrolworkersworkingovertimeandshortentheworkinghoursofworkersworkingathighplacesappropriately.Ensurethatworkershavesufficientrestandsleeptime.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時間持續較長，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.1)采用多種形式，對職工進行防暑降溫知識的宣傳教育，使職工知道中暑癥狀，學會對中暑病人采取應急措施。1)Usevariousformstoeducateworkersaboutheatstrokepreventionandcooling,sothattheyknowthesymptomsofheatstrokeandlearntotakeemergencymeasuresforheatstrokepatients.3)對在容器內和高溫條件下的作業場所，要采取措施，搞好通風和降溫。3)Forworkplacesincontainersandunderhightemperatureconditions,measuresshouldbetakentoimproveventilationandcooling.2)合理調整作息時間，避開中午高溫時間工作，嚴格控制工人加班加點，高處作業工人的工作時間要適當縮短。保證工人有充足的休息和睡眠時間。2)Reasonablyadjustworkingandrestinghours,avoidworkingduringhightemperaturehoursatnoon,strictlycontrolworkersworkingovertimeandshortentheworkinghoursofworkersworkingathighplacesappropriately.Ensurethatworkershavesufficientrestandsleeptime.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時間持續較長，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.4)對露天作業集中和固定場所，應搭設歇涼棚，防止熱輻射，并要經常灑水降溫4)Forconcentratedandfixedplacesofopen-airwork,restingsheltersshouldbeerectedtopreventheatradiationandwatershouldbesprinkledfrequentlytocooldownthetemperature6)要及時供應合乎衛生要求的茶水、清涼含鹽飲料、綠豆湯等。6)Tea,coolsalt-containingdrinksandgreenbeansoupshouldbesuppliedinatimelymannertomeethygienerequirements.5)對高溫、高處作業的工人，需經常進行健康檢查。發現有作業禁忌癥者，應及時調離高溫和高處作業崗位。5)Forworkersworkingathightemperaturesandheights,healthchecksshouldbecarriedoutregularly.Thosefoundtohavecontraindicationstoworkshouldbepromptlytransferredfromhightemperatureandhighworkpositions.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時間持續較長，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.4)對露天作業集中和固定場所，應搭設歇涼棚，防止熱輻射，并要經常灑水降溫4)Forconcentratedandfixedplacesofopen-airwork,restingsheltersshouldbeerectedtopreventheatradiationandwatershouldbesprinkledfrequentlytocooldownthetemperature6)要及時供應合乎衛生要求的茶水、清涼含鹽飲料、綠豆湯等。6)Tea,coolsalt-containingdrinksandgreenbeansoupshouldbesuppliedinatimelymannertomeethygienerequirements.5)對高溫、高處作業的工人，需經常進行健康檢查。發現有作業禁忌癥者，應及時調離高溫和高處作業崗位。5)Forworkersworkingathightemperaturesandheights,healthchecksshouldbecarriedoutregularly.Thosefoundtohavecontraindicationstoworkshouldbepromptlytransferredfromhightemperatureandhighworkpositions.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時間持續較長，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.4)對露天作業集中和固定場所，應搭設歇涼棚，防止熱輻射，并要經常灑水降溫4)Forconcentratedandfixedplacesofopen-airwork,restingsheltersshouldbeerectedtopreventheatradiationandwatershouldbesprinkledfrequentlytocooldownthetemperature6)要及時供應合乎衛生要求的茶水、清涼含鹽飲料、綠豆湯等。6)Tea,coolsalt-containingdrinksandgreenbeansoupshouldbesuppliedinatimelymannertomeethygienerequirements.5)對高溫、高處作業的工人，需經常進行健康檢查。發現有作業禁忌癥者，應及時調離高溫和高處作業崗位。5)Forworkersworkingathightemperaturesandheights,healthchecksshouldbecarriedoutregularly.Thosefoundtohavecontraindicationstoworkshouldbepromptlytransferredfromhightemperatureandhighworkpositions.(1)夏季施工安全措施。(1)Summerconstructionsafetymeasures.夏季氣候炎熱，高溫時間持續較長，主要是做好防暑降溫工作。Thesummerclimateishotandthehightemperaturelastsforalongtime,sothemainthingistodoagoodjobinpreventingheatstroke.7)要經常組織醫護人員深入工地進行巡回醫療和預防工作。重視年老體弱、患過中暑者和血壓較高的工人身體情況的變化。7)Medicalstaffshouldbeorganisedtogodeepintothesiteformedicalandpreventivework.Payattentiontochangesinthephysicalconditionofoldandweakworkers,thosewhohavesufferedfromheatstrokeandthosewithhighbloodpressure.8)及時給職工發放防暑降溫的急救藥品和勞動保護用品。8)Issueworkerswithfirst-aiddrugsandlabourprotectionproductstopreventheatstrokeinatimelymanner.(2)雨季施工安全措施。(2)Safetymeasuresforconstructionduringtherainyseason.雨季進行作業，主要做好防觸電、防雷、防坍塌和防臺風的工作。Duringtherainyseason,themainworktobedoneistopreventelectricshock,lightning,collapseandtyphoon.1)防觸電。電源線不得使用裸導線和塑料線，不得沿地面敷設。配電箱必須防雨、防水，電器布置符合規定，電器元件不應破損，嚴禁帶電明露。機電設備的金屬外殼，必須采取可靠的接地或接零保護。手持電動工具和機械設備使用時，必須安裝合格的漏電保護器。工地臨時照明燈、標志燈，其電壓不超過36V。特別潮濕場所、金屬管道和容器內的照明燈，電壓不超過12V。電氣作業人員，應穿絕緣鞋、戴絕緣手套。1)Protectionagainstelectricshock.Powerlinesmustnotusebarewiresandplasticlines,andmustnotbelaidalongtheground.Distributionboxesmustberainproof,waterproof,electricallayoutinlinewiththeprovisions,electricalcomponentsshouldnotbebroken,strictlyforbiddentobeexposedwithelectricity.Themetalcasingofelectricalandmechanicalequipmentmustbeprotectedbyreliablegroundingorzeroing.Hand-heldpowertoolsandmechanicalequipmentmustbeinstalledwithqualifiedleakageprotectors.Thevoltageoftemporarylightingandmarkerlightsonsiteshallnotexceed36V.Thevoltageoflightinginparticularlyhumidplaces,metalpipesandcontainersshallnotexceed12V.Electricalworkersshallwearinsulatedshoesandgloves.(2)雨季施工安全措施。(2)Safetymeasuresforconstructionduringtherainyseason.(2)雨季施工安全措施。(2)Safetymeasuresforconstructionduringtherainyseason.2)防雷擊。高出建筑物的塔吊、井字架、龍門架、腳架等應安裝避雷裝置。2)Protectionagainstlightningstrikes.Lightningprotectiondevicesshouldbeinstalledontowercranes,shafts,gantriesandstandshighabovebuildings.3)防坍塌。搞好腳手架、井字架、龍門架的排水工作，防止沉陷傾斜?？?、槽、溝兩邊要放足邊坡，危險部位要另外加支撐，搞好排水工作，一經發現緊急情況，應馬上停止土方施工。3)Collapseprevention.Drainageofscaffolding,derricksandgantriesshouldbedoneproperlytopreventsinkingandtilting.Thesidesofpits,troughsandtrenchesshouldbeputonadequatesideslopes,anddangerouspartsshouldbeadditionallysupportedtoimprovedrainagework.Onceanemergencyisfound,earthworksshouldbestoppedimmediately.4)防臺風。沿海地區還應防止汛期臺風的侵襲，在此期間，風力增大，水位升高，施工單位要及時收聽氣象臺天氣預報?，F場各類機械設備、電氣裝置、庫房等，應注意防止進水受潮；大型施工機械在風力達到六級時，要采取各種措施(如放下臂桿、固定行走裝置等)，避免發生各類事故。4)Typhoonprevention.Coastalareasshouldalsopreventthefloodtyphoon,duringthisperiod,thewindincreases,thewaterlevelrises,theconstructionunitshouldlistentotheweatherforecastontheweatherstationintime.Siteallkindsofmachineryandequipment,electricaldevices,storage,etc.,shouldpayattentiontopreventwatermoisture;largeconstructionmachineryinthewinduptolevelsix,totakeavarietyofmeasures(suchasputdowntheboom,fixedwalkingdevice,etc.)toavoidallkindsofaccidents.1)凡參加冬季施工作業的工人，都應進行冬季施工安全教育，并進行安全交底。1)Allworkerswhoparticipateinwinterconstructionoperationsshouldbeeducatedonwinterconstructionsafetyandgivensafetybriefings.3)安裝的取暖爐，必須符合要求，驗收合格后才能使用。3)Theheatingstoveinstalledmustmeettherequirementsandbeacceptedbeforeitcanbeused.2)燒蒸汽鍋爐人員必須要經過專門培訓，取得司爐證后才能獨立作業。燒熱水鍋爐的也要經過培訓，合格后才能上崗。2)Steamboilerburnersmustundergospecialtrainingandobtainastoker'scertificatebeforeoperatingindependently.Hotwaterboilersshouldalsobetrainedandqualifiedbeforetheycanbeputtowork.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進行作業，主要應做好防風、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.1)凡參加冬季施工作業的工人，都應進行冬季施工安全教育，并進行安全交底。1)Allworkerswhoparticipateinwinterconstructionoperationsshouldbeeducatedonwinterconstructionsafetyandgivensafetybriefings.3)安裝的取暖爐，必須符合要求，驗收合格后才能使用。3)Theheatingstoveinstalledmustmeettherequirementsandbeacceptedbeforeitcanbeused.2)燒蒸汽鍋爐人員必須要經過專門培訓，取得司爐證后才能獨立作業。燒熱水鍋爐的也要經過培訓，合格后才能上崗。2)Steamboilerburnersmustundergospecialtrainingandobtainastoker'scertificatebeforeoperatingindependently.Hotwaterboilersshouldalsobetrainedandqualifiedbeforetheycanbeputtowork.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進行作業，主要應做好防風、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.1)凡參加冬季施工作業的工人，都應進行冬季施工安全教育，并進行安全交底。1)Allworkerswhoparticipateinwinterconstructionoperationsshouldbeeducatedonwinterconstructionsafetyandgivensafetybriefings.3)安裝的取暖爐，必須符合要求，驗收合格后才能使用。3)Theheatingstoveinstalledmustmeettherequirementsandbeacceptedbeforeitcanbeused.2)燒蒸汽鍋爐人員必須要經過專門培訓，取得司爐證后才能獨立作業。燒熱水鍋爐的也要經過培訓，合格后才能上崗。2)Steamboilerburnersmustundergospecialtrainingandobtainastoker'scertificatebeforeoperatingindependently.Hotwaterboilersshouldalsobetrainedandqualifiedbeforetheycanbeputtowork.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進行作業，主要應做好防風、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.4)六級以上大風或大雪，應停止高處作業和吊裝作業。4)Highwindsoflevelsixoraboveorheavysnowfallshouldstopworkatheightandliftingoperations.6)用熱電法施工，要加強檢查和維修，防止觸電和火災。6)Constructionwiththermoelectricmethod,tostrengthentheinspectionandmaintenance,topreventelectricshockandfire.5)搞好防滑措施。通道防滑條損壞的要及時修補，對斜道、通行道、爬梯等作業面上的霜凍、冰塊、積雪要及時清除。5)Improveanti-slipmeasures.Channelanti-slipstripsdamagedshouldberepairedinatimelymanner,andfrost,iceandsnowontheworkingsurfacesoframps,accessroadsandclimbingladdersshouldberemovedinatimelymanner.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進行作業，主要應做好防風、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.4)六級以上大風或大雪，應停止高處作業和吊裝作業。4)Highwindsoflevelsixoraboveorheavysnowfallshouldstopworkatheightandliftingoperations.6)用熱電法施工，要加強檢查和維修，防止觸電和火災。6)Constructionwiththermoelectricmethod,tostrengthentheinspectionandmaintenance,topreventelectricshockandfire.5)搞好防滑措施。通道防滑條損壞的要及時修補，對斜道、通行道、爬梯等作業面上的霜凍、冰塊、積雪要及時清除。5)Improveanti-slipmeasures.Channelanti-slipstripsdamagedshouldberepairedinatimelymanner,andfrost,iceandsnowontheworkingsurfacesoframps,accessroadsandclimbingladdersshouldberemovedinatimelymanner.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進行作業，主要應做好防風、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.4)六級以上大風或大雪，應停止高處作業和吊裝作業。4)Highwindsoflevelsixoraboveorheavysnowfallshouldstopworkatheightandliftingoperations.6)用熱電法施工，要加強檢查和維修，防止觸電和火災。6)Constructionwiththermoelectricmethod,tostrengthentheinspectionandmaintenance,topreventelectricshockandfire.5)搞好防滑措施。通道防滑條損壞的要及時修補，對斜道、通行道、爬梯等作業面上的霜凍、冰塊、積雪要及時清除。5)Improveanti-slipmeasures.Channelanti-slipstripsdamagedshouldberepairedinatimelymanner,andfrost,iceandsnowontheworkingsurfacesoframps,accessroadsandclimbingladdersshouldberemovedinatimelymanner.(3)冬季施工安全措施。(3)Winterconstructionsafetymeasures.冬季進行作業，主要應做好防風、防火、防滑、防煤氣中毒、防亞硝酸鈉中毒的工作。Winteroperationsshouldbecarriedoutmainlytopreventwind,fire,slip,gaspoisoningandsodiumnitritepoisoning.7)對亞硝酸鈉要加強管理，嚴格發放制度，要按定量改革小包裝，并加上水泥、細砂、粉煤灰等，將其改變顏色，以防止誤食中毒。7)Tostrengthenthemanagementofsodiumnitrite,strictdistributionsystem,toreformthesmallpackageaccordingtotheration,andaddcement,finesand,flyash,etc.,willchangeitscolourtopreventaccidentalpoisoning.9)現場腳手架、安全網，暫設