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考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷564

一、閱讀(補全短文)(本題共20題,每題7.0分,共

20分。)

Haveyoueverconsideredwhatmakesagoodbossgood?Theanswertothatquestionis

admittedlymercurial,asoneperson'sviewofatop-notchemployerwilldifferfrom

somebodyelse's.However,thereareanumberoftraits,attitudesandabilitiesthatare

commontoallgoodbosses.Moreover,theneedforsolidleadershipskillsisespecially

tellingwithsmallerbusinesses."Beingagoodbossisimportantinanyorganization,but

it'sparticularlyimportantforsmallbusiness,"saysRobSheehan,directorofexecutive

educationattheJamesMacGregorBurnsAcademyofLeadershipattheUniversityof

Maryland."Withsmallerbusinesses,youreallyhavetheopportunitytosetthetonefbr

theentirecompany."Bearinginmindtheimportanceofgoodleadershiptobusiness,

considertheFollowinglineupofskills,strategiesandattributes:(1)Beinclusive:Witha

smalleroperation,il'sessentialthateveryonefeelslikeanequalandinvolvedpartofthe

team.Agoodemployeriscertaintotreateachemployeefairly,notonlyintermsof

salaryandotherformsofcompensation,butalsoinhowthatemployeeisinvolvedinthe

dailyfunctionofthebusiness.Encouragefeedback,innovationandcreativityso

employeesfeelgenuinelyengaged.(2)Mission,notjustmoney:Veryfewbusinesses

operateoutofsheeraltruism,butthat*snottosaythatturningaprofitistheprimary

philosophicalandpracticalfocus.Rather,aneffectivebossestablishesagenuinebusiness

mission.Howthattakesshapedependsbothonthebusinessandontheoverridingfocus

thebosswantstoset.(3)Nothingtofearbutfearitself;Manyofushavehadbosseswho

wouldberightathomewithaknifenexttotheirdeskcalendars.Makeonemistakeon

thejobandfeelfreetoslipyourheadrightinbeneaththeblade.Conversely,aneffective

bossencourageshisorheremployeesnottobegunshyaboutoccasionalchaosalongthe

roadtowardbetterjobperformance.(4)It'stheircareers,too:Don'tforgetthatthepeople

whoworkforyouarclookingtoyoutohelpthemnavigateandadvancetheircareers.As

1said,it'snotallaboutmoney.Butitisallaboutmakingyouremployeesseehowto

improveandcreatemeaningfulcareersIbrthemselves.⑸Made,notnecessarilyborn:

Onefinalaspectofbeingagoodbossisrecognizingthatmuchofwhatgoesintobeingan

effectiveleaderis,infact,learnedbehavior.Ofcourse,therealwayshavebeenandv/ill

bebosseswhoseemtohaveaflawlesstouchinleadingandmotivating.Butforevery

natural,therearejustasmanytop-flightbosseswhogotthatwaybyattending

managementclassesandseminars,readingbooksoneffectiveleadershipand,justas

important,understandingthatagoodemployernaturallyattractsfirst-rateemployees.

|A「Il'simportanttousethatdifferentperspectivetoeducateandencourage.Butit's

alsoimportant,likeagoodcoach,toleadyourteambyexample.Forinstance,whileyou

shouldpointoutmistakesbyyouremployees,besuretoadmitwhenyouyourselfmakea

mistake,"saysSheehan.[B]"Youneedtocreateanenvironmentofintegrity,trustand

respecttomakeabsolutelycertainthateveryoneistreatedfairly,regardlessofthe

differencestheymayhave,"saysSheehan.[C]"Pcoplecandefinitelydevelopgood

leadershipcapabilities,"saysSheehan."Toacertaindegree,weallhaveinnatetraitsthat

makeusgoodbosses.Allyoureallyhavetodoisworktodevelopthosetraitstotheir

utmost.*'[D]Ifanemployeehasagoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghisorherown

businesssomeday,nurturethatgoal.Tellthemthetraitstheyneedtoworkontoachieve

theirultimateplans.[E]Forinstance,arestaurantownermaypushspeedylunchtime

serviceasawayofservingthetime-strappedbusinesscommunity.Bycontrast,amedical

supplyoutfitmayemphasizehowitsproductsimprovecustomers'health.Notonlycana

clearmission(rcsponsibility)servctomotivateemployees,itcanalsoinfuseasenseof

importanceintheirjobs.|F|"Thisrequiresamentalitythatencourageslearningrather

thanbeingafraidofmakingamistake.Trysomethingnewanddifferent,butknowwe're

notgoingtokilleachotherifthingsdon'tworkout,"saysSheehan."Iwasaswimmerin

collegeandIswamfastwhenIimaginedasharkwasafterme.1swamjustasfastwhenI

imaginedIwasintheOlympics.It'saquestionofwhatyouwanttofocuson."

1、

標準答案:B

知識點解析:首先要瀏覽選項,概括大意。A:要像一個教練一樣教育你的員工,

舉出實例來說服他。B:要確保每一位員工都得到公正的待遇。C:我們都有成為

好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì),關(guān)健是要將它們發(fā)揮到極致。D:幫助員工實現(xiàn)他們自己的事

業(yè)目標。E:明確的職責有利于激發(fā)員工的積極性。F:要鼓勵進步而非恐懼犯

錯。此處的標題是“Beinclusive“,顯然,僅從標題無法判斷出作者究竟耍表達什

么含義。因此,需要繼續(xù)閱讀下文的論述部分。第四段的首句是主題句:老板要讓

每個員工都覺得自己是團隊平等而投入的成員,后面部分具體說明方式是什么。

其中treateachemployeefairly和B項中的everyoneistreatedfairly相呼應(yīng)。因此B

項正是讓員工平等而投入的方式。從而可知inclusive在這指的是(心胸)包容而廣

闊。

2、

標準答案:E

知識點解析:此處標題是“使命而非金錢第五段首句就money展開論述,指

出:企業(yè)的首要目標不是賺錢。接下來的兩句話則就mission展開論述,指出:企

業(yè)使命的形成也取決于老板設(shè)定的最重要的目標。至此,木段主要強調(diào)了mission

的重要性,但沒有具體說明它指的是什么。E項以餐飲和醫(yī)療器材為例說明了不

同企業(yè)的不同使命,為正確選項。其中responsibility是mission的近義詞。

3、

標準答案:F

知識點解析;此處標題中的關(guān)鍵詞是fear。第六段先將兩種老板進行了比較,一種

老板不允許員工犯錯,另一種鼓勵員工不要害怕犯錯。F項出現(xiàn)了beingafraidof

的同義表達,該項中席崎以游泳為例說明,不要讓恐懼而要讓鼓勵來敦促人前

進。這個內(nèi)容顯然和前面提到的兩類老板的內(nèi)容相吻合。

4、

標準答案:D

知識點解析:此處標題是“這也是他們的事業(yè)“,聯(lián)系全文主旨可知代詞their指的

是“員工的",careers是這個標題中的關(guān)鍵詞。第七段對標題內(nèi)容進行了闡釋:要幫

助員工明白如何為自己改善和創(chuàng)造有意義的事業(yè)。D項以一名員工為例,說明老

板應(yīng)該幫助員工實現(xiàn)他們的目標,其中agoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghis

orherownbusiness與careers呼應(yīng)。

5、

標準答案:C

知識點解析:此處標題是'、后天的,不一定是天生的第八段首句對made一詞進

行了闡釋:成為一位好的領(lǐng)導者是一種后天學習的行為(learnedbehavior)o接下來

該段乂列舉了多種后天學習的方法:參加課程和研討會,閱讀書籍等。C項中席

翰的一番話是對標題內(nèi)容的論述:我們都有成為好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì),關(guān)鍵是要(后

天)挖掘它。其中innaletraits與標題中的bom相對應(yīng)。

Haveyoueverconsideredwhatmakesagoodbossgood?Theanswertothatquestionis

admittedlymercurial,asoneperson'sviewofatop-notchemployerwilldifferfrom

somebodyelse's.However,thereareanumberoftraits,attitudesandabilitiesthatare

commontoallgoodbosses.Moreover,theneedforsolidleadershipskillsisespecially

tellingwithsmallerbusinesses."Beingagoodbossisimportantinanyorganization,but

it'sparticularlyimportantforsmallbusiness,"saysRobSheehan,directorofexecutive

educationattheJamesMacGregorBurnsAcademyofLeadershipattheUniversityof

Maryland."Withsmallerbusinesses,youreallyhavetheopportunitytosetthetonefor

theentirecompany."Bearinginmindtheimportanceofgoodleadershiptobusiness,

considerthefollowinglineupofskills,strategiesandattributes:(l)Beinclusive:Witha

smalleroperation,it'sessentialthateveryonefeelslikeanequalandinvolvedpartofthe

team.Agoodemployeriscertaintotreateachemployeefairly,notonlyintermsof

salaryandotherformsofcompensation,butalsoinhowthatemployeeisinvolvedinthe

dailyfunctionofthebusiness.Encouragefeedback,innovationandcreativityso

employeesfeelgenuinelyengaged.(2)Mission,notjustmoney:Veryfewbusinesses

operateoutofsheeraltruism,butthat,snottosaythatturningaprofitistheprimary

philosophicalandpracticalfocus.Rather,aneffectivebossestablishesagenuinebusiness

mission.Howthattakesshapedependsbothonthebusinessandontheoverridingfocus

thebosswantstoset.(3)Nothingtofearbutfearitself:Manyofushavehadbosseswho

wouldberightathomewithaknifenexttotheirdeskcalendars.Makeonemistakeon

thejobandfeelfreetoslipyourheadrightinbeneaththeblade.Conversely,aneffective

bossencourageshisorheremployeesnottobegunshyaboutoccasionalchaosalongthe

roadtowardbetterjobperformance.(4)1Cstheircareers,too:Don'tforgetthatthepeople

whoworkforyouarelookingtoyoutohelpthemnavigateandadvancetheircareers.As

Isaid,it'snotallaboutmoney.Butitisallaboutmakingyouremployeesseehowto

improveandcreatemeaningfulcareersforthemselves.(5)Made,notnecessarilyborn:

Onefinalaspectofbeingagoodbossisrecognizingthatmuchofwhatgoesintobeingan

effectiveleaderis,infact,learnedbehavior.Ofcourse,therealwayshavebeenandv/ill

bebosseswhoseemtohaveaflawlesstouchinleadingandmotivating.Butforevery

natural,therearejustasmanytop-flightbosseswhogotthatwaybyattending

managementclassesandseminars,readingbooksoneffectiveleadershipand,justas

important,understandingthatagoodemployernaturallyattractsfirst-rateemployees.

|A「It'simportanttousethatdifferentperspectivetoeducateandencourage.Butitsalso

important,likeagoodcoach,toleadyourteambyexample.Forinstance,whileyou

shouldpointoutmistakesbyyouremployees,besuretoadmitwhenyouyourselfmakea

mistake,"saysSheehan.[B]"Youneedtocreateanenvironmentofintegrity,trustand

respecttomakeabsolutelycertainthateveryoneistreatedfairly,regardlessofthe

differencestheymayhave,"saysSheehan.[C]"Peoplecandefinitelydevelopgood

leadershipcapabilities,"saysSheehan."Toacertaindegree,weallhaveinnatetraitsthat

makeusgoodbosses.Allyoureallyhavetodoisworktodevelopthosetraitstotheir

utmost."|D|Ifanemployeehasagoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghisorherown

businesssomeday,nurturethatgoal.Tellthemthetrailstheyneedtoworkontoachieve

theirultimateplans.[E]Forinstance,arestaurantownermaypushspeedylunchtime

serviceasawayofservingthetime-strappedbusinesscommunity.Bycontrast,amedical

supplyoutfitmayemphasizehowitsproductsimprovecustomers'health.Notonlycana

clearmission(rcsponsibility)servctomotivateemployees,itcanalsoinfuseasenseof

importanceintheirjobs.|F]"Thisrequiresamentality(hatencourageslearningrather

thanbeingafraidofmakingamistake.Trysomethingnewanddifferent,butknowwe're

notgoingtokilleachotherifthingsdon'tworkout,"saysSheehan."Iwasaswimmerin

collegeandIswamfastwhenIimaginedasharkwasafterme.IswamjustasfastwhenI

imaginedIwasintheOlympics.It*saquestionofwhatyouwanttofocuson."

6、

標準答案:B

知識點解析:首先要瀏覽選項,概括大意。A:要像一個教練一樣教育你的員工,

舉出實例來說服他。B:要確保每一位員工都得到公正的待遇。C:我們都有成為

好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì),關(guān)鍵是要將它們發(fā)揮到極致。D:幫助員工實現(xiàn)他們自己的事

業(yè)目標。E:明確的職責有利于激發(fā)員工的積極性。F:要鼓勵進步而非恐懼犯

錯。此處的標題是“Beinclusive”,顯然,僅從標題無法判斷出作者究竟要表達什么

含義。因此,需要繼續(xù)閱讀下文的論述部分。第四段的首句是主題句:老板要讓每

個員工都覺得自己是團隊平等而投入的成員,后面部分具體說明方式是什么。其中

treateachemployeefairly和B項中的everyoneistreatedfairly相呼應(yīng)。因此B項正

是讓員工平嚓而投入的方式。從而可知inclusive在這指的是(心胸)包容而廣闊。

7、

標準答案:E

知識點解析:此處標題是“使命而非金錢第五段首句就money展開論述,指

出:企業(yè)的首要目標不是賺錢。接下來的兩句話則就mission展開論述,指出:企

業(yè)使命的形成也取決于老板設(shè)定的最重要的目標。至此,本段主要強調(diào)了mission

的重要性,但沒有具體說明它指的是什么。E項以餐飲和醫(yī)療器材為例說明了不同

企業(yè)的不同使命,為正確選項。其中responsibility是mission的近義詞。

8、

標準答案:F

知識點解析:此處標題中的關(guān)鍵詞是fear。第六段先將兩種老板進行了比較,一種

老板不允許員工犯錯,另一種鼓勵員工不要害怕犯錯。F項出現(xiàn)了beingafraidof

的同義表達,該項中席瑜以游泳為例說明,不要讓恐懼而要讓鼓勵來敦促人前進。

這個內(nèi)容顯然和前面提到的兩類老板的內(nèi)容相吻合。

9、

標準答案:D

知識點解析:此處標題是“這也是他們的事業(yè)“,聯(lián)系全文主旨可知代詞Iheir指的

是“員工的",careers是這個標題中的關(guān)鍵詞。第七段對標題內(nèi)容進行了闡釋:要幫

助員工明白如何為自己改善對創(chuàng)造有意義的事業(yè)。D項以一名員工為例,說明老板

應(yīng)該幫助員工實現(xiàn)他們的目標,其中agoalofbecomingamanagerOrrunninghisor

herownbusiness與careers呼應(yīng)。

10、

標準答案:C

知識點》析:此處標題是“后天的,不一定是天生的第八段首句對made一詞進

行了闡釋:成為一位好的領(lǐng)導者是一種后天學習的行為(learnedbehavior)。接下來

該段又列舉了多種后天學習的方法:參加課程和研討會,閱讀書籍等。C項中席翰

的一番話是對標題內(nèi)容的論述:我們都有成為好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì),關(guān)鍵是要(后天)

挖掘它。其中innatetraits與標題中的born相對應(yīng)。

Youarcgoingtoreadatextaboutthetipsonhowtobeagoodboss,followedbyalistof

illustrations.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading

(1-5).Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Haveyouever

consideredwhatmakesagoodbossgood?Theanswertothatquestionisadmittedly

mercurial,asoneperson'sviewofatop-notchemployerwilldifferfromsomebodyelse's.

However,thereareanumberoftraits,attitudesandabilitiesthatarecommontoallgood

bosses.Moreover,theneedforsolidleadershipskillsisespeciallytellingwithsmaller

businesses."Beingagoodbossisimportantinanyorganization,butit'sparticularly

importantforsmallbusiness,*'saysRobSheehan,directorofexecutiveeducationatthe

JamesMacGregorBurnsAcademyofLeadershipattheUniversityofMaryland."With

smallerbusinesses,youreallyhavetheopportunitytosetthetonefortheentire

company."Bearinginmindtheimportanceofgoodleadershiptobusiness,considerthe

followinglineupofskills,strategicsandattributes:[Cl]Beinclusive:Withasmaller

operation,it'sessentialthateveryonefeelslikeanequalandinvolvedpartoftheteam.A

goodemployeriscertaintotreateachemployeefairly,notonlyintermsofsalaryand

otherformsofcompensation,butalsoinhowthatemployeeisinvolvedinthedaily

functionofthebusiness.Encouragefeedback,innovationandcreativitysoemployees

feelgenuinelyengaged.[C2]Mission,notjustmoney:Veryfewbusinessesoperate

outofsheeraltruism,butthat'snottosaythatturningaprofitistheprimaryphilosophical

andpracticalfocus.Rather,aneffectivebossestablishesagenuinebusinessmission.

Howthattakesshapedependsbothonthebusinessandontheoverridingfocustheboss

wantstoset.[C3]Nothingtofearbutfearitself:Manyofushavehadbosseswho

wouldberightathomewithaknifenexttotheirdeskcalendars.Makeonemistakeon

thejobandfeelfreetoslipyourheadrightinbeneaththeblade.Conversely,aneffective

bossencourageshisorheremployeesnottobegunshyaboutoccasionalchaosalongthe

roadtowardbetterjobperformance.[C4]It'stheircareers,too:Don'tforgetthatthe

peoplewhoworkforyouarelookingtoyoutohelpthemnavigateandadvancetheir

careers.AsIsaid,it'snotallaboutmoney.Butitisallaboutmakingyouremployeessee

howtoimproveandcreatemeaningfulcareersforthemselves.[C5]Made,not

necessarilyborn:Onefinalaspectofbeingagoodbossisrecognizingthatmuchofwhat

goesintobeinganeffectiveleaderis,infact,learnedbehavior.Ofcourse,therealways

havebeenandwillbebosseswhoseemtohaveaHawlesstouchinleadingand

motivating.Butforeverynatural,therearejustasmanytop-flightbosseswhogotthat

waybyattendingmanagementclassesandseminars,readingbooksoneffective

leadershipand,justasimportant,understandingthatagoodemployernaturallyattracts

first-rateemployees.[A]"It'simportanttousethatdifferentperspectivetoeducateand

encourage.Butit'salsoimportant,likeagoodcoach,toleadyourteambyexample.For

instance,whileyoushouldpointoutmistakesbyyouremployees,besuretoadmitwhen

youyourselfmakeamistake,"saysSheehan.[B]"Youneedtocreateanenvironmentof

integrity,trustandrespecttomakeabsolutelycertainthateveryoneistreatedfairly,

regardlessofthedifferencestheymayhave,"saysSheehan.[C]"Peoplecandefinitely

developgoodleadershipcapabilities,"saysSheehan."Toacertaindegree,weallhave

innatetraitsthatmakeusgoodbosses.Allyoureallyhavetodoisworktodevelopthose

traitstotheirutmost."|DIfanemployeehasagoalofbecomingamanagerorrunning

hisorherownbusinesssomeday,nurturethatgoal.Tellthemthetraitstheyneedtowork

ontoachievetheirultimateplans.[E]Forinstance,arestaurantownermaypushspeedy

lunchtimeserviceasawayofservingthetime-strappedbusinesscommunity.By

contrast,amedicalsupplyoutfitmayemphasizehowitsproductsimprovecustomers'

health.Notonlycanaclearmission(responsibility)servetomotivateemployees,itcan

alsoinfuseasenseofimportanceintheirjobs.[F]"Thisrequiresamentalitythat

encourageslearningratherthanbeingafraidofmakingamistake.Trysomethingnewand

different,butknowwe'renotgoingtokilleachotherifthingsdon'tworkout,"says

Sheehan."IwasaswimmerincollegeandIswamfastwhenIimaginedasharkwasafter

me.IswamjustasfastwhenIimaginedIwasintheOlympics.It'saquestionofwhat

youwanttofocuson."

II、[Cl]

標準答案:B

知識點解析:首先要瀏覽選項,概括大意。A:要像一個教練一樣教育你的員工,

舉出實例來說服他。B:要確保每一位員工都得到公正的待遇。C:我們都有成為

好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì),關(guān)鍵是要將它們發(fā)揮到極致。D:幫助員工實現(xiàn)他們自己的事

業(yè)目標。E:明確的職責有利于激發(fā)員工的積極性。F:要鼓勵進步而非恐懼犯

錯。此處的標題是“Beinclusive”,顯然,僅從標題無法判斷出作者究竟要表達什么

含義。因此,需要繼續(xù)閱讀下文的論述部分。第四段的首句是主題句:老板要讓每

個員工都覺得自己是團隊平等而投入的成員,后面部分具體說明方式是什么。其中

treateachemployeefairly和B項中的everyoneistreatedfairly相呼應(yīng)。因此B項正

是讓員工平等而投入的方式。從而可知inclusive在這指的是(心胸)包容而廣闊,

⑵[C2]

標準答案:E

知識點露析:此處標題是“使命而非金錢”。第五段首句就money展開論述,指

出:企業(yè)的首要目標不是賺錢。接下來的兩句話則就mission展開論述,指出:企

業(yè)使命的形成也取決于老板設(shè)定的最重要的目標。至此,本段主要強調(diào)了mission

的重要性,但沒有具體說明它指的是什么。E項以餐飲和醫(yī)療器材為例說明了不同

企業(yè)的不同使命,為正確選項。其中responsibility是mission的近義詞。

13、[C3]

標準答案:F

知識點解析:此處標題中的關(guān)鍵詞是tear。第六段先將兩種老板進行了比較,一?種

老板不允許員工犯錯,另一種鼓勵員工不要害怕犯錯。F項出現(xiàn)了beingafraidof

的同義表達,該項中席翰以游泳為例說明,不要讓恐懼而要讓鼓勵來敦促人前進。

這個內(nèi)容顯然和前面提到的兩類老板的內(nèi)容相吻合。

14、[C4]

標準答案:D

知識點解析:此處標題是“這也是他們的事業(yè)“,聯(lián)系全文主旨可知代詞their指的

是“員工的",careers是這個標題中的關(guān)鍵詞。第七段對標題內(nèi)容進行了闡釋:要幫

助員工明白如何為自己改善和創(chuàng)造有意義的事業(yè).D項以一名員工為例,說明老板

應(yīng)該幫助員工實現(xiàn)他們的口標,其中agoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghisor

herownbusiness與careers呼應(yīng)。

15、[C5]

標準答案:C

知識點解析:此處標題是“后天的,不一定是天生的第八段首句對made一詞進

行了闡釋:成為一位好的領(lǐng)導者是一種后天學習的行為(leamedbehavior)。接下來

該段又列舉了多種后天學習的方法:參加課程和研討會,閱讀書籍等。C項中席翰

的一番話是對標題內(nèi)容的論述:我們都有成為好老板的內(nèi)在品質(zhì),關(guān)鍵是要(后天)

挖掘它。其中innatetraits與標題中的born相對應(yīng)。

[C1].Thatfactthatanairplaneisupintheairandcannotstopifanythinggoes

wrongmakesitperhapsamatteroflifeordeaththatitsperformanceisabsolutely

dependable.[C2].Outofthatweightasmuchaspossibleiswantedforfuel,

radioinstruments,passengerseatsorfreightroom,and.ofcourse,thepassengersor

freightthemselves.Sothestructureoftheaircrafthastobeassmallandlightassafety

andefficiencywillallow.Thedesignermustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwill

bear.Thisspecialistiscalledthe"stressman".Hetakesaccountofanyunusualstressthat

maybeputonthepartasaprecautionagainsterrorsinmanufacture,accidentaldamage,

etc.Thisstressman'scalculationsgotothedesignerofthepart,andhemustmakeitas

strongasthestressmansays.Oneortwosamplesarealwaystestedtoprovethattheyare

asstrongasthedesignerintended.Eachseparatepartistested,thenawholeassembly一

forexample,acompletewing,andfinallythewholeairplane.Whenanewtypeof

airplaneisbeingmade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreemadewillbeflown.Twowill

bedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdwillbetestedintheair.[C3]

.Thefirstistofindtheresistancetoloadingofthewings,tail,etc.untilthey

reachtheirmaximumloadandcollapse.Theothertestisforfatiguestrength.Relatively

smallloadsareappliedthousandsoftimes.Eachmaybewellunderwhatthestructure

couldstandasasingleload,butmanyrepetitionscanresultincollapse.Oneformofthis

testisdoneonthepassengercabin.Itisfilledwithairathighpressureasfor

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