考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷127

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

Backinthe1990s,awell-knowncomputerscientisthadanunusualwayofintroducing

himselftowomen.Accordingtoindustrylore,thebrilliantbutsociallyawkward

technologistwouldsidleuptowomenathotelbarsandsay:"DoyouknowwhoIam?

I'mfamousontheInternet."Thetacticwasnottypicallysuccessful.Thecomputer

scientisteitherhadaslysenseofhumororbadlymiscalculatedthevalueofInternet

fame.BeingfamousexclusivelyontheInternethasalwaysbeenworthconsiderablyless

thanrealworldcelebrity.Itdoesn'tgetyoupastanyvelvetropes,ontoOprah'sguestsofa

orenticethepaparazziintofollowingyou.ButnotorietyontheNetisbeingpursuedwith

increasingvigorthesedays.Sincefameequalsattention,andattentiondrawsvisitors—

whichcanbeconvertedintodollarsthroughonlineadvertising—fameontheInternetcan

directlygeneratemoney.Itmayormaynottranslateintoromanticsuccessatahotelbar,

butbeingfamousontheInternetisbeginningtograntplentyofotherbenefits.Onlya

fewyearsago,fameontheInternetwasmorecloselyassociatedwithinfamythan

achievement.Internetcelebritiesrocketedacrossthefirmamentlikeshootingstars,

propelledbytheirverypublicembarrassments.In1999,aTurkishmannamedMahir

turnedhimselfintoanonlinecelebritywithaWebsitethatgreetedvisitors,"Ikissyou!"

andassertedhisownstupidnessinbadlybrokenEnglish.Amonthlater,adot-comwas

treatinghimliketheirnewmascotandflyinghimaroundtheworld.Butnowit's

suddenlymorerespectable.Onlinepersonalitiessetupsites,buildaudiencesandslowly

accumulatenotoriety.Webcelebritiescanarchitecttheirownascentandstickaroundfor

awhile.Internetfamestillremainsdifferentthanrealfameinmanyways.Toachieve

realfame,youmustpleasethemasses.Internetfameismostefficientlyattainedby

appealingtoasophisticatednicheaudience,thengrowingthefanbasefromthere.Real

celebritiesgetconfrontedbyadmirersonthestreetandinrestaurants.Internetcelebrities

aremorelikelytobeinterruptedathome,bymegabytesofunsolicitede-mailfrom

peoplewhothinktheyhaveapersonalrelationshipwiththem.Internetfamecanalsobe

cultivatedalmostentirelybyyourself,withaPC,lotsoffreetimeandsomeingenuity.

Therearenointermediaries,andyougettochooseexactlyhowmuchofyourselfyou

reveal.Themassesvoteonyourworthinesswiththeirattention.

1、Whywasthewell-knowncomputerscientist'sintroductiontacticnotverysuccessful?

A-.Becausehewasbrilliant.

B、Becausehesidleduptothewomaninbars.

C、Becauseheoverestimatedhisfame.

D、Becausehewasacomputerscientist.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)問(wèn)題定位第二段第一句：計(jì)算機(jī)專家不是富于幽默感

就是錯(cuò)誤估計(jì)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)聲譽(yù)的價(jià)值。C“因?yàn)樗吖懒俗约旱穆曌u(yù)”符合此意，是正確

答案。

2、WecanlearnfromthetextthatbeingaguestonOprah'scouch.

A、isbadlymiscalculated

B、isworsethanbeingontheInternet

C、ismoreworthythanbeingfamousontheInternet

D^isvaluedconsiderablylessthanbeingfollowedbythepaparazzi

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬推斷題。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞Oprah飛couch定位第二段第三句，

這句話是上一句話的例證，上一句話的意思是：僅限于因特網(wǎng)上的知名度的價(jià)值總

是比現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的名聲小得多。選項(xiàng)C表達(dá)的就是這個(gè)意思，因此選C。

3、Mahirbecamefamousbecause.

A、hewasadoptedbyadot-comcompany

B、hekissedallhisvisitors

C、hehadtheonlyEnglishwebsiteinTurkey

D、ofhispoorEnglish

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第四段。第一句指出：網(wǎng)上出名靠的

是聲名狼藉而不是個(gè)人成就。然后舉了Mahir的例子，提到了他蹩腳的英語(yǔ)。所以

D為正確答案。A項(xiàng)是他成名后的事情。B項(xiàng)與原文不符，kissyou只是一句口

號(hào)，并非真的去做。C項(xiàng)中的only在原文中未提。

4^Toachieverealfameonlineyoumust.

A^appealtothemasses

benotoriousinaveryshorttime

C>beefficientinbuildingupawebsite

D、pleaseasmallbutgrowingselectaudience

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)題。原文第五段最后一句指出：網(wǎng)上出名最有效的辦法就是先

吸引少量觀眾，然后在此基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展自己的“粉絲”，所以答案為D。A項(xiàng)“吸引大

眾”是想出名都要做的事情（本段倒數(shù)第二句），而題干問(wèn)的是網(wǎng)上出名的辦法。B項(xiàng)

中的benotorious和C項(xiàng)中的buildingupawebsite雖然符合原文,但inaveryshort

time以及beefficient在原文中沒(méi)有明確提到。

5、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofrealfame?

A、Itshouldbepursued.

B、ItisbetterthanInternetfameineveryway.

C^Ilcanonlybeachievedbyappealingtoasophisticatedniche.

D、Itcan'tbecultivatedbyyourself.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬推斷題。這道題主要考查對(duì)末段的理解。這一段把現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里的名

人和網(wǎng)上的名人進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，其中提到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的名聲還可以幾乎完全由自己建立，

那么現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里的名聲與之相反，D符合這個(gè)意思，因此正確答案是D。

"HowdoIgetintojournalism?Hisaquestionthatalmostanyonewhoworksinthistrade

willhavebeenaskedbyfriends,godchildren,passingstudentsand,insomecases,their

parents.Theanswer,ofcourse,is:"withdifficulty”.Abreezilywrittennewbookbythe

writer,broadcasterandformereditoroftheIndependentonSunday,KimFletcher,

recognisesthis.Itspurpose,broadly,istoanswerthequestionposedabove,andtooffer

sometipsonhowtostayinjournalismonceyougetthere.Tenacitymattersaboveall;

andthere'sareasontobetenacious.Journalistsnowarearguablymoreprofessional,and

certainlymoresober,thaninthehotmetaldaysofoldFleelStreet,butbeingahackis

stillmorefunthanabarrelofmonkeys.Yougettohaveadventuresandthenwriteabout

them.AsFletchersays:"Youwoulddoiteveniftheydidn'tpayyou."Landingthatjobis

acatthatcanbeskinnedindozensofways.Intheolddays,you'dlearnthetradeasan

indenturedapprenticeonaregionalnewspaper—workingyourwaythroughthe

newsroomcoveringjam-makingcompetitionsandparishcouncilmeetingsand,

occasionally,bracingyourselfforthegrimtaskofthe"death-knock",whereyou

interviewthegrievingparentsofthatweek'sTragicToi,andtrouserasmanyoftheir

familyphotographsasyoucan.Andthence,insomecases,toFleetStreet—thoughasMr

Fletcherpointsout,nationalsarenotthebe-allandend-allofjournalism,andmany

extremelygoodhacksprefertoremainonlocalpapers,orplytheirtradehappilyin

magazines.Youcanstartwritingfeaturesorreportsforsomeofthemanytradeand

specialistmagazines.Oryoucansneakstraightontoanationalasajuniorgossip

columnist.Othersgetstartedbysubmittingideasandarticlesonafreelancebasis.As

Fletcherpointsout,theeditororsectioneditortowhomyouwriteis——mostofthetime—

itchingtothrowyourletteraway;askingyouinforaninterview,orreadingyour

cuttings,isalime-consumingandprobablyboringtaskhewouldratheravoid.

Misspellinghisname,ormistakinghisjobtitle,isagiftofanexcusetoslam-dunkyour

letterinthecylindricalfilingcabinet.ReportersaresupposedLobegoodalfindingthings

out.Ifyoucan'tevenfindoutthenameofthepersonyouareaskingforajob,youaren't

goingtobeagoodreporter.

6、Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby.

A、posingacontrast

B、justifyinganassumption

C、makingacomparison

D^describingaphenomenon

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屈主旨題。問(wèn)題是“作者第一段引出主題的方式''是什么，即這一段的

寫(xiě)作方法。第一段描述了一個(gè)現(xiàn)象：在新聞界工作的人兒乎都會(huì)被問(wèn)到一個(gè)問(wèn)題，

“我如何進(jìn)入新聞界?”所以答案是D,其他三個(gè)都是干擾選項(xiàng)。

7、Inwhatwaydoesthetextimplythatjournalismhaschanged?

A、Journalistsmakemoremoney.

B>Journalistsaremoreserious.

C^Itiseasiertofindajob.

D^Itishardertokeepajob.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬推斷題。問(wèn)題是新聞工作在哪方面發(fā)生了變化，過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的比較

出現(xiàn)在第二段。該段第四句話出現(xiàn)了比較級(jí)，意思是與老艦隊(duì)街熱排版時(shí)期相比，

現(xiàn)在的記者可能更加職業(yè)化，無(wú)疑也更加嚴(yán)肅。B選項(xiàng)正好符合這個(gè)意思，因此選

B,其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)無(wú)法從文中推出。

8、Wheredothebestjournalistswork?

A、FleetStreet.

B、Forthenationalnewspapers.

C、Anywherethatacceptsfeatureswriters.

D、Inavarietyofplaces.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。第三段末句說(shuō)，一些人從地方報(bào)社發(fā)展到艦隊(duì)街（英

國(guó)倫敦新聞界集中地），但Mr.Fletcher指出：全國(guó)性的報(bào)社未必就是新聞界的一

切。很多不錯(cuò)的記者寧愿留在地方報(bào)社，或快樂(lè)地充當(dāng)雜志記者，所以在哪里都能

把新聞工作做到最好，這樣正確答案只有D。A、B、C三選項(xiàng)都很片面。

9、Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdandfourthparagraphsthat.

A、thereareveryfewwaystogetstartedinjournalism

B、itismoredifficultnowtoworkyourwayupthanitwasbefore

C、thereareamyriadofdoorsleadingtojournalism

D、mostpeopleworkonafreelancebasis

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬推斷題。問(wèn)題對(duì)應(yīng)第三、四段。第三段第一句話就提到：找那份工

作有的是辦法C文章緊重著列舉了過(guò)夫以及現(xiàn)在當(dāng)記者的不同途徑，第四段又有二

個(gè)例子，這足以說(shuō)明進(jìn)入記者這?行有很多條路可以走，因此答案是C。

10、Ms.Fletcherremindsusthateditors.

A、areusuallyitchy

B、lookformistake

C、oftenmisspellnames

D、enjoyreadingresumesandwritingsamples

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬推斷題。這道題考查對(duì)末段的理解。這段話的主要意思是：

Fletcher指出，大多數(shù)時(shí)候，編輯想把你寫(xiě)給他的信扔了，因?yàn)榧s你見(jiàn)面或者讀你

的剪報(bào)是件費(fèi)時(shí)枯燥的工作，他能不干就不干。拼錯(cuò)他的名字，或者弄錯(cuò)他的職

稱，都給了他一個(gè)借口任你的信投到垃圾桶里。選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。

Menandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainis

concerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypes

oftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthink

morewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthat

justbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvineledthe

researchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshow

thatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtogeneral

intelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountof

whitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedtomen."Thesefindingssuggestthathuman

evolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedfbrequallyintelligent

behavior,"saidHaier,addingthat,"bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,

thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairment

diseasesinthebrain.HTheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournal

NeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,

whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthis

studymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-

authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,

mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchas

mathematics,Jungsaid,v/hilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilating

informationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.

Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferent

activitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellon

broadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.Thisresearchalsogives

insighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.

Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematter

regionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereas

thepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman'sfrontallobesare45percentandzero,

respectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamagein

womentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaier

andJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersin

menandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecise

treatmentsforbraindamage.

11、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

A>Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B、Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C、Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D、Theanatomyofmen'sbrainsandwomen'sbrainsdiffer.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)題。第一句指出：至少?gòu)拇竽X解剖學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，男女思維方

式是不同的，從而推出D為正確答案。A項(xiàng)說(shuō)大腦是單塊整體器官，與文中第二

句“大腦主要由兩種不同類型的組織構(gòu)成‘'相矛盾。B在第一段沒(méi)有提到。C與此段

末句（男女思維方式不同，但這不影響他們的智力水平）相矛盾。

12、Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause.

A、itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthat

affectthoughtprocesses

itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C、itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecialisein

differentwaysofthinking

D、manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段最后指出：這項(xiàng)研究有可能促進(jìn)人們對(duì)癡呆癥和其

他大腦認(rèn)知缺損疾病的研究。所以答案選A。文章的主題并不是男女智力平等，而

是這一發(fā)現(xiàn)使人們更清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)男女大腦的不同，以及對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)—診斷、治

療大腦疾病、損傷等。故排除B、CoD項(xiàng)文中未提及。

13、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

ANIthelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B、Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C^Thereislessofitinmen'sbrains.

D、Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterand

mathematicalability.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：R.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文第三段第二句，Rraybrainmatter代表信息處理

中樞。然而有助于把來(lái)自大腦不同部位的信息組合在一起的是whitebrainmatter,

故而排除A選B。C正好說(shuō)反j',應(yīng)該是women'sbrain。D項(xiàng)文中未明確說(shuō)明。

14、Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

A、Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B、Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C、Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguistic

ability.

D、Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬推斷題.A項(xiàng)說(shuō)女性的whitebrainmatter比男性多，這在第二段第

四行可以得到印證。B項(xiàng)說(shuō)它用來(lái)把來(lái)自大腦不同部位的信息組合在一起，根據(jù)第

三段第二句可判斷B項(xiàng)表述正確。另外，文章只是說(shuō)whitebrainmatter與組合信息

有關(guān)，但無(wú)法推出whitebrainmatter的數(shù)量與linguisticability有直接關(guān)系，由此得

出C項(xiàng)符合題意。所以D可排除。

15、Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat.

A、menandwomenarcequallyintelligent

B、menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C^headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D、theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬推斷題。本段通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明，同樣是腦前部受傷，其對(duì)大腦的損害

卻因性別不同而不同。因此，希望醫(yī)生能借此發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)大腦損傷進(jìn)行及早診斷、治

療。故C為正確選項(xiàng)。總覽全文，A只是一個(gè)事實(shí)，但答非所問(wèn)。B也只是一個(gè)細(xì)

節(jié)。D展示這項(xiàng)發(fā)明對(duì)其他科學(xué)家也有用，顯然超出本段內(nèi)容。

Nano-sizedtoothbrushesthatcancleanverysmallsurfaceshavebeendevelopedby

researchers.Fabricatedoutofmillionsofcarbonnanotubes,theminusculebrushescould

evenpainttheinsideofcapillariesthinnerthanahumanhair.Butbesidesbeingsmall,the

nanotubeshaveotheradvantagesovertraditionalbristles,saysoneoftheircreators

PulickelAjayanatRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteinTroy.NewYork.Thematerials

typicallyusedformakingbrushbristlesincludeanimalhairs,syntheticpolymerfibres

andmetalwires.Buteachhasitslimitations.Metalscorrodeandweaken,hairisnotvery

strongandsyntheticfibresmelt.Carbonnanotubes,ontheotherhand,are30times

strongerthansteel,yetfivetimeslessdense.Theyarehighlyelastic,resistanttoheat,

havelargesurfaceareasandevenconductelectricity.Thelatterpropertymakesthem

highlysuitableforthecontactbrushesusedinelectricmotors,saysAjayan.Heand

AnyuanCaoatRensselaer,incollaborationwithcolleaguesattheUniversityofHawaii

inHonolulu,U.S.,havedesignedbrushesconsistingofasiliconcarbidefibrebaseon

whichthecarbonnanotubesaregrowninasinglerowofbristleslikeatoothbrush,orin

groupsofbristlesmorelikeatoiletbrush.Oneendofthebaseiscoatedwithgold,which

actslikea"handle1'andalsoinhibitsnanotubegrowthatthatend.Thedimensionscanbe

varieddramatically,saysAjayan,buttypicallythebundleofnanotubesisnosmallerthan

afewmicrometresindiameter.Thebrushescouldhaveavarietyofapplications.They

havealreadybeenusedtosweepparticlesmeasuringjust50nanometresindiameteroffa

plainsurface,andoffanothersurfacepittedwithmicroscopicgrooves.Theresearchers

havealsoattachedthegoldhandleofathree-prongedbrushtotheshaftofasmallelectric

motor.Thisallowedthemtorotatethebristlesinsidea300-micrometre-widecapillary

tube,cleaningcontaminationoffitswalls.Then,bycoatingthebrushwithareddye,they

wereabletopainttheinsideofthecavityusingthesameapproach.Thebrushes'abilityto

cleansmallparticlesappearstobeextremelygood,saysAjayan,althoughheisstillnot

surewhy."Perhapsthecleaningoccursbyeleulroslalicinlerauliuiis,andsincethesurface

areaofthenanostructuresislarge,thecleaningispossiblymoreeffective."Theaimnow

istoapplythebrushestomorespecificmicroelectronicandbiomedicalapplications.

16、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanadvantageofthenanotubebrushes?

A、Theirsize.

B、Theirstrengthtoweightratio.

C、Theirabilitytowithstandextremecold.

D、Theirflexibility.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段提到，納米管比鋼的力度強(qiáng)30倍，但密度小