第三部分高考題型突破

題型一閱讀理解

?夯基礎考點練透

題組4詞義猜測題

Passage19[2021浙江五校聯考]

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

記敘文克服對“水”的恐懼356★★6分鐘

Ateleven,Idecidedtolearntoswim.TherewasapoolattheYMCAoffering

exactlytheopportunity.Mymothercontinuallywarnedagainstit,andkeptfreshin

mymindthedetailsofeachdrowningintheriver.ButtheYMCApoolwassafe.

Ihadachildhoodfearofwater.ThisstartedwhenIwasthreeyearsoldandmy

fathertookmetothebeach.Thehugewavesknockedmedownandsweptoverme.

Thepoolwasquiet.Iwasafraidofgoinginallalone,soIsatononesideofthe

pooltowaitfbrothers.Thencameabigboy.Heyelled,"Hi,how'dyouliketobe

ducked?"Withthathepickedmeupandthrewmeintothedeepend.Ilandedina

sittingposition,andswallowedwater.ButIwasnotfrightenedoutofmywits一

whenmyfeethitthebottom,Iwouldmakeabigjumptocomeoutofthesurface.It

seemedalongwaydown.IgatheredallmystrengthwhenIlandedandmadewhatI

thoughtwasagreatspringupwards.ThenIopenedmyeyesandsawnothingbut

water.Itriedtoyellbutnosoundcameout.Iwentdown,down,endlessly.

WhenIcametoconsciousness,Ifoundmyselflyingonthebedinthehospital.

Ineverwentbacktothepool.IavoidedwaterwheneverIcould.This

misadventurestayedwithmeasIheyearsrolledby.Itdeprivedmeofthejoyof

boatingandswimming.Finally,Idecidedtogetaninstructor.Piecebypiece,hebuilt

aswimmer.Severalmonthslater,theinstructorwasfinished,butIwasnot.

Sometimestheterrorwouldreturn.

ThiswentonuntilJuly.IswamacrosstheLakeWentworth.Onlyoncedidthe

terrorreturn.WhenIwasinthemiddleofthelake,Iputmyfaceunderandsaw

nothingbutbottomlesswater.Ilaughedandsaid,"Well,Mr.Terror,whatdoyouthink

youcandotome?"

Ihadconqueredmyfearofwater.

l.Thcauthor'soriginalfearofwaterwascausedby.

A.hispoorskillinswimming

B.hismother'swarningofdrowning

C.anoutingtothebeachwithhisfather

D.anunpleasantmemoryofthepool

2.Whywastheauthornotscaredtodeathwhenhewasthrownintothewater?

A.Heknewhowtoswiminthepool.

B.HefeltthattheYMCApoolwassafe.

C.Hewaswaitingforotherstosavehim.

D.Hecameupwithanideaofgoingupwards.

3.Byexpressing"blitIwasnot'*inParagraph5,theauthorprobably

means.

A.hewasstillapoorswimmer

B.hehadnotovercomethefearyet

C.hewasnotafraidofdrowninganymore

D.hewasnotsatisfiedwiththeswimmingtraining

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Goodbye,Mr.Terror

B.Hello,ChildhoodFear

C.ASwimmingAdventure

D.MyPassionlurSwiinining

Passage20[2021四省八校開學考]

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

議論文2020東京奧運會推遲355★★7分鐘

ThedecisiononTuesdaybyJapanandtheInternationalOlympicCommittee

(IOC)topostponetheTokyo2020OlympicGamesuntilnextsummerbecauseofthe

COVID-19pandemicmusthavebeenahardonetomake.

AlthoughtheGameshavebeencanceled-threetimesinall,in1916,1940and

1944—duetothetwoworldwars,inthemodemOlympics,historyofmorethan120

years,neverbeforehaveanyGamesbeenpostponedtoadifferentyear.

Nonetheless,thedecisionistherightone.Ifitisnotbroughtundercontrol,the

harmdonetohumansocietybythepandemiccouldbemoreseriousandfar-reaching

thaneventhetwoworldwars.Giventhenumberofcountriesaffectedandsocialand

economicshockwavesthathavebeencausedbytherapidspreadofthevirus,

postponingtheGamesistheonlyrightandsensiblechoicetomake.

Afterall,nothingismoreimportantthanpeople'slives.PostponingtheGames

notonlysafeguardsthehealthofathletes,audiencesandeveryoneinvolvedinthe

Games,butalsoreducespotentialtransmissionofthevirusfromoneplacetoanother.

Evenlookingatitfromonlyasportinglevel,thepandemichasalreadycausedhuge

disruptionstoathletes,trainingandthequalificationprocess.

ItisundoubtedlyabigblowforJapan,whichhaspreparedmeticulouslyforthe

largestsportseventintheworld,includingrenovatingandupgradingitsinfrastructure

andsportsvenues,suchasrebuildingTokyo'sOlympicStadiumatacostof$1.45

billion.Japanwillsufferahugeloss,atleastintheshortterm.

Theinternationalcommunityowesabig"thankyou"toJapanforallithasdone

fortheGamesdespitethepostponement.That'swhytheGaineswillstillbecalledthe

Tokyo2020OlympicandParalympicGamesdespitetakingplacein2021.The

OlympicflamewillalsoremainstoredanddisplayedinJapan.

Moreimportantly,allmembersintheOlympicfamily,guidedbytheOlympic

spiritofrespectandunderstanding,aremorallyboundtostandbehindJapantogo

througlithismostdifficultmoinciilintheGaines'history.

1.Whatdoestheword"it"inParagraph3referto?

A.Thedecision.B.TheGames.

C.Thepandemic.D.Thewar.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"meticulousiy"inParagraph5probablymean?

A.Wisely.B.Recently.C.Easily.D.Precisely.

3.Weknowfromthepassage.

A.theGamesshouldbeputoffintimesofwarsanddisasters

B.theGameswillstillbecalledtheTokyo2020OlympicandParalympicGamesfor

Japan'ssacrifice

C.postponingtheGameswillhaveabadinfluenceontheathletes

D.theOlympicfamilyv/illhavetomakeupforthelossofJapan

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.TheOlympicfamilywillsupportJapan.

B.JapanwillkeeptheOlympicflameburning.

C.PostponingtheGameswillbringtheworldhope.

D.TokyowillbecomethesymboloftheGames.

Passage21[2021山西大同學情調研]

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

說明文何為“老“262★★★7分鐘

Anagelessquestion:Whenissomeone"old"?

Whatdoes"old"reallymeanthesedays?Thisisn'tameaninglessquestion一

notonlydoesthedefinitionof"old"haveanoutsizedimpactonhowwefeelabout

ourselves(nottomentionhowothersviewus),italsomatterstopolicymakers

determininghowtoplanforagingpopulations.

TheUnitedNationshistoricallyhasdefinedolderpersonsaspeople60yearsold

orover(sometimes65).Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouliveintheUnitedStates,China

orSenegal,eventhoughlifeexpectancyisquitedifferentineachofthosecountries.

Everyonebecomesoldat60.

ResearchersSergeiScherbovandWarrenSanderson,whostudyaging,are

suggestingovciluniingtheoiic-bize-filb-alldefinitionof"old”.Instead,theytalkabout

“「osDectivcage”,whichlookstothefuture.Everyonewiththesameprospectiveage

hasthesameexpectedremainingyearsoflife.

Scherbovexplainedthat"young"and"old"arerelativeconcepts,andtheir

commonreferencepointislifeexpectancy.Andthat"old"wouldvarybetween

nationsmakessense,especiallybetweenmoreandlessdevelopedcountries,with

differencesineducation,deathrates,accesstohealthcareandlifeexpectancy.

Butwhois"old"alsovaries-widely-betweenindividuals.Thepoint,says

Scherbov,isthatpersonalageisdependentonour"characteristics”—understanding

abilities,disability,healthhistoryandeveneducationlevels.Thosewithmore

educationtendnottosmoke,exercisemorefrequently,havebetterdietsandhave

regularcheckups一and,therefore,livelonger,meaningthebeginningoftheirold

agecomeslater,saysScherbov.

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howwefeelaboutourselves.

B.Thedefinitionof“old”.

C.Theimportanceofthedefinitionof"old".

D.Theplanforagingpopulations.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"prospectiveage"inparagraph3refertoaccording

tothetext?

A.Theexpectedremainingyearsofone'slife.

B.Thebeginningofone'soldage.

C.Thedifferencesofour"characteristics".

D.Theagewhenonebecomesold.

3.WhatsimilaritydoesScherbovthink"young"and"old"have?

A.Understandingabilities.B.Nations.

C.Education.D.Thereferencepoint.

4.WhichofthefollowinghelpsonetolivelongeraccordingtoScherbov?

A.Asmuchexerciseaspossible.

B.Losingweight.

C.Studyinghistory.

D.Improvingtheeducationlevel.

Passage22R021湖北武漢部分學校質量檢測］

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

能自學合作技能的機器

說明文317★★7分鐘

人

Neverplaygameswithabot（robot）—itwillfindawaytocheatifitcan.A

teamfromOpenAI,anartificialintelligencelabinSanFrancisco,hasdeveloped

artificiallyintelligentbotsthattaughtthemselvestocooperatebyplaying

hidc-and-scck.Thebotsalsolearnedhowtousebasictoolstohelpwin.

BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteam-based

dynamicsoftheOpenAIFivecouldbeusedtoproduceskillsthatcouldonedaybe

usefultohumans.

Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated（模擬的）environmentfilled

withfixedwalls,movableboxesandladders,andleftthemtoplayteamgamesof

hide-and-scck.Thebotseachhadtheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn't

communicatewitheachotherdirectly.

Atfirst,thehitierssimplyranaway.Ruttheysnonworkedoutthatthequickest

waytostoptheseekerswastofindobjectsintheenvironmenttohidethemselves

fromview.Theseekerslearnedthattheycouldmoveboxesaroundandusethemto

climboverwalls.Thebotsthendiscoveredthatbeingateam-player-passing

objectstoeachotherorcooperatingonahideout—wasthequickestwaytowin.

Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.

Seekersfoundthatiftheypushedaladdertowardsawall,theycouldlaunch

themselvesintotheairandspothidersfromabove.Hidersfoundthattheycouldget

ridoftheladdersbypushingthemaside.

ItshowsthatAIbotsareabletofindsolutionsthathumansmiss,saysBaker.

"Maybethey'llevenbeabletosolveproblemsthathumansdon,tyetknowhowto."

However,itisalargeleap（跳躍）fromvirtualhide-and-secktorealproblem-solving.

"Themainlimilalioiiisdialilisinsiiiiulaliuii,0saysChelseaFinnalSlaiifoid

University.

1.WhydidBowenandhiscolleaguesconducttheresearch?

A.Toteachbotstoplaygames.

B.Totrainbotstousebasictools.

C.Tofindifbotsmaycheatlikehumans.

D.Ioseethepotentialofbots'cooperation.

2.What'sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thetoolsoftheresearch.

B.Thedesignoftheresearch.

C.Thecompetitorsofthegame.

D.Theenvironmentofthegame.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"1("inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Passingobjects.B.Movingboxesaround.

C.Makinguseoffaults.D.Hidingthemselvesfromview.

4.WhatdoesChelseathinkofthefindingoftheresearch?

A.ItcanbridgeagapintheAIresearch.

B.Itwillnotbeinfluencedbytherealworld.

C.Itwilldefinitelyhelptherealproblem-solving.

D.Itmaynotberealizedoutofthevirtualworld.

Passage23[2021江西五校聯考]

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

頭像與性格間的關

說明文327★★★8分鐘

系

Whenwemeetsomeoneforthefirsttime,weusuallygetavaguesenseofwhat

kindofpersontheyarcbythewaytheyshakehands,talkorwalk.Intheageofsocial

networking,however,firstimpressionsaresometimssmadeevenbeforeweactually

meetsomeoneinperson-thatis,bylookingattheirprofilephoto.

Accordingtoarecentstudy,thesesocialimagessayalotaboutourpersonality.

Inthestudy,agroupofresearchersfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUS

usedsoftwaretoanalyzetheprofilepicturesof66,000usersofoneUSsocial

platform.Atthesametime,about434participantswereaskedtocompleteasurvey

abouttheirpersonalitytype.

Accordingtotheresults,openpeoplearemorelikelytoposeinanunusualway

anduseobjectssuchasglassesoraguitarintheirprofilephotobecausetheyenjoy

newandexcitingexperiences.Meanwhile,neuroticpeopleoftenholdbacktheir

negativeemotions.Theytrytoavoidshowingtheirface;instead,theyuseanimageof

somethinglikeapet,acarorabuilding.That'sbecauseneuroticpeoplearestrongly

influencedbythe"strongsocialnormagainstaverysadorangryappearancein

profilepictures1'.

Apartfromtheobjectsinprofilepictures,thecolorsusedinthemalsogiveus

someinformationaboutthephoto'sowner.Forexample,extravertswerefoundto

havethemostcolorfulprofileimages,astheywanttoemphasizetheirpersonalityand

showthemselvesoff.

DanielPreoiuc-PietrofromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniawroteintheresearch

paper,"Socialmediaphotosusuallyrepresentanextensionofone'sself,buttheyalso

allowausertoshapehisorherownpersonalityandidealizedview."So,when

choosingaprofilephoto,maybeweshouldaskourselvesfirstwhatkindofimage

we'dliketoconvey.Afterall,firstimpressionsalwayslast.

I.Whydoneuroticpeopleoftenavoidshowingtheirfaceintheirprofilephoto?

A.Becausetheyarefondofpets,carsandbuildings.

B.Becausetheywanttoenjoynewexperiences.

C.Becausetheydon'twanttoexposetheirnegativeimages.

D.Becausetheyarenotconfidentaboutthemselves.

2.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinPara.4referto?

A.Openpeople.B.Neuroticpeople.

C.Negativepeople.D.Popularpeople.

3.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsthechoiceofaprofilephoto?

A.Casual.B.Cautious.

C.Worried.D.Unclear.

4.Whatdoesthistextmainlytalkabout?

A.Therelationshipbetweenone'sprofilephotoandhispersonality.

B.Someadviceonhowtochooseaprofilephoto.

C.Thedifferencebetweenopenpeopleandneuroticpeople.

D.Theimportanceofthefirstimpression.

Passage24（2021吉林省吉林市第一次調研］

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

中國努力研制新冠疫

新聞報道253★★★8分鐘

苗

Insidethewhite,bacteria-freewallsofanewbuildingonthesouthernoutskirts

ofBeijing,twoemployeeswearingmasksandrubberglovesarebusyinjectingaclear,

colorlessliquidintorowsofsmallbottles.

The215,000squarefeetproductionplantwasbuiltinrecentmonthsspecifically

forproducingaCOVID-19vaccine（疫苗）developedbyChinesepharmaceutical

companySinovaeBiotech.

CoronaVac,thevaccinecandidatefromSinovac,ispartofChina'spushtobeat

theforefrontofrnllingcutimmunizations（免疫接種）againstthedeadlynovel

coronavirus.TheNasdaq-listedbiotechcompanybegandevelopingitsvaccineinlate

January.

ByJune,Chinahadlargelycontainedtheepidemic,dealingwithonlyasmall

numberofoutbreaks.ThosenewlyreportedCOVID-19casesinChinadidn'tmeetthe

necessaryconditionsforaPhase3trial,soSinovacreachedanagreementwithBrazil

whichthenrankedsecondintheworldforcasesofinfection,withmorethan3.6

millionreportedcases.

IncooperatingwiththeButantanInstituteinSaoPaulo,aPhase3studywas

launchedinlateJulyinvolving9,000volunteers,allhealthprofessionalswhohad

workedwithCOVID-19patientsbuthadn'tbeeninfectedwiththevirus.

Thetestsareongoing,butDimasCovas,presidentoftheButantanInstitute,said

WudncbdayprimarydatashowedCorunaVacdevelopedimiiiuiiilyin97%ofthe

peoplevaccinatedaftertwodoses—alevelhesaidwas"fundamentaltobreakthe

chainoftransmissionofthecoronavirus".

1.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.B.Anewsreport.

C.Abookreview.D.Atravelbrochure.

2.Whatdocstheunderlinedphrase"rollingout"inParagraph3mean?

A.Launching.B.Distributing.

C.Guarding.D.Burning.

3.WhatisthenecessaryconditionforaPhase3trial?

A.China'ssuccessfulcontainmentoftheepidemic.

B.Asufficientnumberofinfectedpatients.

C.Allhealthprofessionalsandvolunteers.

D.TheNasdaq-listedbiotechcompany.

4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Theforefront:China'spushtodevelopacoronavirusvaccine.

B.Lockdown:China'ssuccessfulmovetocontaintheoutbreaks.

C.Infection:Brazil'srankingsecondsurprisestheworld.

D.Immunity:RraziPseffortstobreakthechainoftransmission.

題組4詞義猜測題

Passage19

三歲時“我“隨著父親在海灘玩耍，曾被海浪撞倒過，自此“我”對水產生了恐懼;

十一歲學習游泳時，哦”被一個男孩扔進游泳池，這次經歷讓哦“自此避免水。但“

我”仍然想享受游泳的樂趣，于是“我“請了專業指導老師，指導結束后“我”仍然沒有

克服對水的恐懼。后來在一次游泳中，“我”終于克服了對水的恐懼。

1.C考杳細節理解。根據第二段，特別是該段前兩句可知，作者對水的恐懼源于三

歲的時候被父親帶到海灘，被海浪撞倒的經歷，故C項正確。

2.D考查細節理解。根據第三段中的“ButIwasnotfrightened...tocomeoutofthe

surface”可知,作者并沒有嚇得要死，因為他認為一旦他的腳著池底，他能猛躍，跳出

水面。據此可知,作者并不害怕的原因是他想到了跳出水面的方法，故D項正確。

3.B考查詞義猜測。根據畫線句的下句"Sometimestheterrorwouldreturn"可知,

有時恐懼還會卷土重來;據此可以判斷，畫線句表示作者還沒能克服恐懼，故B項

正確。

4.A考查最佳標題。結合全文內容可知，文章主要講述了作者克服對水的恐懼的

過程，故A項最適合作本文的標題。

Passage20

口本為2020年東京奧運會做了精心的準備,但它卻因新冠肺炎大流行病而被

推遲到2021年，這對日本是一個巨大的打擊。但是，這是一個正確的決定,應得到

支持。

1.C考查代詞指代。根據第三段中的"Ifjtisnotbroughtundercontrol,theharm

donetohumansocietybythepandemiccouldbemoreseriousandfar-reachingthan

eventhetwoworldwars"可知,如果不被控制，流行病對人類社會所造成的危害甚

至比兩次世界大戰更嚴重，由此可知Jit”指代“流行病”，故C項正確。

2.D考查詞義猜測。根據第五段中的"includingrenovatingandupgradingits

infrastructureandsportsvenues,suchasrebuildingTokyo'sOlympicStadiumata

costof$1.45billion"可知,日本對基礎設施和體育館進行翻新和升級，耗資14.5億

美元重建東京的奧林匹克體育場。由此可知,日本對這一體育賽事做了精心的準

備。A項意為“明智地”;B項意為“最近”;C項意為“容易地”;D項意為”精確地，認真

地「?絲不茍地”，故選D項。

3.B考查細節理解。根據第六段前兩句可知，國際社會應該感謝FI本為奧運會所

做的一切，這屆奧運會盡管被推遲到2021年,但仍然被稱為2020年東京奧運會和

殘奧會，由此可推知，因日本所做的犧牲，這屆奧運會仍會被稱為2020年東京奧運

會和殘奧會。故B項正確。

4.A考查推理判斷。根據最后一段內容可知,所有奧林匹克大家庭成員在奧運會

尊重和理解精神的指引下，在道義上，一定會支持日本度過奧運會歷史上最困難的

時刻。由此可推知，奧林匹克大家庭會支持日本。故A項正確。

Passage21

“一個人什么時候變老”是個永恒的問題。本文就此介紹了相關的研究情況。

1.C考查段落大意。根據第一段第二句中的"notonlydoesthedefinitionof

Rd...foragingpopulalions”可知，本段主要講的是對“老”的定義的重要性。故選C。

2.A考查詞義猜測。根據第三段最后一句"Everyonewiththesameprospectiveage

hasthesameexpectedremainingyearsoflife"并結合語境可推知,prospectiveage即

theexpectedremainingyearsoflife。故選A。

3.D考查細節理解。根據第四段第一句中的"theircommonreferencepointislife

expectancy”可知J年輕"和"年老”的共同參照標準是預期壽命。故選D。

4.D考查推理判斷。根據最后一段最后一句中的"Thosewithmoreeducationtend

nottosmoke,exercisemorefrequently,havebetterdietsandhaveregularcheckups

—and,therefore,livelonger"可知，受教育更多的人活得更長，由此可推知，提高受

教育水平有助于一個人活得更長。故選D。

Passage22

本文主要介紹了一種通過玩捉迷藏自學合作技能的人工智能機淵人,這些機

器人還學會了使用基本工具來幫助自己獲勝C

1.D考查細節理解。根據第二段可知QpenAI的BowenBaker和他的同事們想

看看OpenAIFive的人工智能機器人的團隊互動能否被用來產生將來對人類有用

的技能，故D項正確。

2.B考查段落大意。通讀第三段可知，該