詞匯課堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研冊別單元：選擇性必修二Unit6commit重難點詞搭配義consistappreciate英語釋義一詞多義英語釋義用法和搭配react一詞多義英語釋義一詞多義分詞形容詞advance&advancedestimate一詞多義act

詞族expose&exposure“過而不改，是謂過矣”，這句孔子的名言出自《論語·衛靈公》，意思是：有過錯卻不加以改正，這才是真正的過錯！commitcommitv

vt

犯（錯誤、罪行等）to

dosthwrongorillegal：commitmurder/acrime/amistakeSmokingiscommittingsuicideslowly.

vi&vt（使）承擔義務；（使）作出保證tomakeadefiniteagreementorpromisetodosth：Theworldhasalreadycommittedtoestablishing

aClimateAdaptationFund.

2008上海改Atalentedscientistwellknownforhiscommitmenttohiscountry,HuangDaniancommittedhimselftohisresearchingeophysics.SMOKINGKILLS

vt投入tospendmoneyortimeonsth/sb：commitsthto(doing)sth:commitanhourtoreadingthenewspaperseverymorning【詞匯拓展】?committedadj

盡心盡力的；堅定的：acommittedmemberoftheteamHelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedtopracticingit.2017江蘇estimate

theareaestimatethepositionestimatethedistance看圖猜詞

estimatevt

[常用于被動語態]估計；估算；估價：①estimatesth(atsth):Theyestimatethecosttorepairat$800.2016天津改②beestimatedtobe/have:Thetreeisestimatedtobeatleast700yearsold.③estimate/itisestimated+(that)從句：Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudentsarearound$8,450ayear.2013湖南Itisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.estimaten[C]估計；估算；估價：aconservative/roughestimateappreciate詞源解讀appreciate由ap-(to)+-preci-(price)+-i-+-ate組成，其詞源義為“出價（tosetapriceto）”。只有理解（understand）了商品的價值才會愿意出價購買該商品。appreciatevt[不用于進行時]

基本義：tounderstandsth

理解；明白

tounderstandthatsthistrue(realize)：appreciatethesignificance/valueofsthappreciate+that/wh-從句：Wedidn’tappreciatethathewasseriouslyill.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatmyparentshaddoneforme.2010北京改

欣賞；賞識tounderstandhowgoodorusefulsborsthis:Ireallyappreciateyourhandwriting.Histalentsaren’tappreciatedbyhisboss,whichmakeshimdepressed.

感激；感謝tobegratefulforsth：①

appreciate(sb)doingsth:Ireallyappreciateworkingwithsomeonewhodoessuchagoodjob.Wewouldappreciateyoulettingusknowofanyproblem.②

I’dappreciateitif…:I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemetheopportunity.欣賞；賞識感激；感謝欣賞；賞識；鑒賞appreciateappreciationappreciate+tion（名詞后綴）→appreciation，由此可知，appreciation與appreciate的釋義息息相關，可以聯系起來記憶。拓展appreciation感激；感謝理解；明白理解；認識程度遞進appreciationR1n[U]詞匯拓展1.Chineseartshavewontheappreciation

ofalotofpeopleoutsideChina.2.Pleaseacceptthisgift

inappreciationof

allyou’vedoneforus.3.Iwouldliketoexpressmyappreciationandthankstoyouall.4.Shehadnoappreciationof

thedifficultieswewerefacing.react詞源解讀react:re-

(相反)+act

(行動)→向相反的方向行動→對……作出反應react

意為“對……作出反應”、“產生不良反應”時，同介詞

to

搭配；意為“起（化學反應）”時，同介詞

with

搭配。react

vi

（對……）作出反應

(respond)：Howdidthestudentsreactto

themonitor’ssuggestion?

產生不良反應：Somepeoplereactbadlytocertainfood.

起（化學）反應：Itshowsushowironreactswith

airandwithwater.react語義網絡圖（對……）作出反應react（基本義）對食物等有不良“反應”物質等發生化學“反應”起（化學）反應產生不良反應14reactionn[U]&[C]反應；作用：

【詞匯拓展】sb’sfirst/immediatereactionthepublic

reactiontothenewsthereactionofmetalswithoxygen15act同族詞activeactionactively

interactreactreaction

activist

activity

actress

actor

act

演員（男）演員（女）-ive:有……傾向的；有……性質的-ly:以……方式inter-:在……之間，相互-tion:……的行為/狀態/結果re-:再；重新-tion:……的行為/狀態/結果-ist:……專業人員；……專家；從事……的人-ty:……的狀態；……的特性Hewhodoesnotadvancefallsbackward.不進則退。advance&advanced

vi（尤指士兵）前進；向前移動：Thearmyadvancedacrosstheplain.

vt&vi（使）進展；（使）進步：Wehaveadvancedgreatly/significantly/considerablyinourknowledgeoftheuniverse.Thisresearchhasdonemuchtoadvanceourunderstandingoflanguagelearning.advance

■

v

advance詞源義：前進→基本義：前進

vt&vi（時間）提前；（價格）上漲；預支（錢）：ThedateofthemeetingwasadvancedfromJuly10toJuly1.Wearewillingtoadvancethemoneytoyou.

vt

促進；推動

(further)：Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareer.2020山東

vt［正式用語］提出：advanceanidea/atheory/aplan■

n

[U]前進

[C]進步；進展：makegreatadvancestechnological/scientific/medicaladvances

[C][常用單數]預付款：paysba$500advanceinadvance(of)提前（于……）；預先（于……）；超前于：Thankyouinadvance.2013全國書面表達Whenstudentsweretoldmyruleinadvanceoftheclass,someofthemwerenothappy.2011

北京對應動詞釋義記憶名詞釋義位置“前進”科技、知識等“前進”時間“前進”價格“前進”支付“前進”（尤指士兵）前進；向前移動（使）進展；（使）進步（時間）提前（價格）上漲預支（錢）advance語義網絡圖前進advance

（基本義）advanced

adj

先進的；高級的verymodernandhighlydeveloped：

Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.

2015北京

（課程）高深的；高級的(ofacourseofstudy)atahighordifficultlevel:

OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary分詞形容詞ShewaseducatedatPekingUniversity,afterwhichshewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.發達國家a

__________(develop)country2.發展中國家a

__________(develop)country3.落葉__________(fall)leaves4.正在落下的樹葉__________(fall)leaves5.先進技術__________(advance)technology6.白開水__________(boil)water7.沸水__________(boil)water8.學識淵博的人a__________(learn)man9.受過教育的孩子an__________(educate)childdevelopedadvancedfallenfallingdevelopingboiledboilinglearned將所填的分詞形容詞分類：表示動作已完成：表示動作正在進行：developed,fallen,advanced,boiled,learned,educateddeveloping,falling,boilingeducated

（尤指士兵）前進；向前移動

（使）進展；（使)進步

（時間）提前；（價格）上漲；預支（錢）

前進

進步；進展

預付款vnadj預先的advancedadj先進的；高級的（課程）高深的；高等的釋義歸納consist溫故知新根據所給漢語，完成句子。這個小組由三個人組成。Thegroup_______________________________threepeople.ismadeupof/iscomposedofconsistsofconsistR2

vi［不用于進行時和被動語態］consistin［正式用語］在于；存在于：Happinessconsistsincontentment.Successconsistsintheabilitytocontinueeffortsthroughfailures.2014福建書面表達consistof由……構成；由……組成：HowmanycountriesdoestheUKconsistof?Lifeconsistsofnotonlysunshinebutalsostorms.2008遼寧書面表達改con-(=com-,together共同)+sist(tostand站立)→共同站到一起→組成詞源同exist,stand。

exposevt

使暴露；使顯露toshow

sththatisusuallyhidden：Beingexposedtosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmto

one’sskin.Hesmiledsuddenly,exposingasetofamazinglywhiteteeth.詞源：ex-(from,forth向前)+ponere(toput,place放置)，“把……放在前面”即其基本義為“使顯露；使暴露”expose&exposure

揭露；揭發totellthetruthaboutsborsth,especially

whenitisbad：Ithreatenedtoexpose

himto

thepolice.

使面臨；使處于……的作用/影響之下toputsb/sthinasituationthatcouldbedifficultordangerous：Heexposedhimselftocriticismbyfailingtocheckthefactsinthearticle.Thereportsaidthatworkershadbeenexposedtohighlevelsofradiation.

使接觸；使體驗togivesbthechancetoexperiencesth：Wewanttoexpose

thekidsto

asmuchartandcultureaspossible.Iamrepeatedlyexposedtothebasicwordsandlearnhowtheyareusedtoexplainobjectsandideas.2010遼寧使某人“暴露”于某事物中使暴露；使顯露使某人或某物“暴露”于險境使某人或某事物壞的方面“顯露”使被隱藏或遮蓋的事物“暴露”expose語義網絡圖使暴露；使顯露expose（基本義）揭露；揭發使面臨；使處于…的作用/影響之下使接觸；使體驗

exposedadj

無遮蔽的；無保護的；易受攻擊的:Walkingdeepintotheforest,wesuddenlyfeltveryexposed.exposuren[U]

暴露；揭發：Scientistsworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson’schancesofgettingcancer.2013

天津改

揭露；揭發：theexposureofillegaldeals

［常用單數］接觸；體驗【詞匯拓展】隨堂檢測commit&committed一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Thisisamanwhohascommittedmurder.____________2.Thereareunconfirmedreportshetriedtocommitsuicide.

____________3.Thegovernmentmustcommititselftoimprovinghealthcare.

____________4.Alotofmoneyhasbeencommitted

tothisproject.____________殺人自殺承諾；保證投入二、在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。1.Volunteersneedtobe______________(commit),patientandsensitivetoothers.(2014廣東)2.TheycalledonWesternnationstocommitmoremoney_________thepoorestnations.3.Thegovernmentiscommittedto____________(achieve)equalrightsforwomen.committedtoachieving一、在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。1.Theearthquakecauseddamagetoproperty_________(estimate)at$6million.2.At________roughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimesthesizeofGreatBritain.二、根據所給漢語，完成句子。1.Toourdisappointment,onlyabout1,000finlessporpoise（中國長江江豚）

_______________________________（被估計仍然存活）atpresent.

（2013

重慶）2.____________________（據估計）thereareabout5000—7500humpbackwhalesworldwide.（2011上海）aareestimatedtobestilllivingItisestimatedthatestimateestimated一、根據句意選出appreciate的最佳釋義。

vt欣賞；賞識

tounderstandhowgoodorusefulsb/sthis

vt感激；感謝

tobegratefulforsth

vt理解；明白tounderstandsth(aproblem,situation,etc.)a.Weappreciate

thatcaringforchildrenisanimportantjob. ___________

b.I’dappreciate

itifyoucouldlendmeyourdictionary.___________c.Histalentsarenotfullyappreciatedinthatcompany.___________二、用括號內單詞的正確形式填空。1.Ireallyappreciate___________(have)timetorelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.

havingappreciate2.Weunderstandthislessonbestwhenwereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeoradiamondnecklace,theproperresponseis______________(appreciate).（2010

廣東）三、用appreciate完成句子。1.______________________（如……我將不勝感激）myapplicationcouldgetyourapproval.（2011重慶書面表達）2.I’mnotanexpert,butI__________________________（欣賞優秀的藝術作品）.3.Eventuallyshereally__________________________________________（理解父母為她所做的一切）.appreciatedwhatherparentshaddone

appreciatefineworksofartIwouldappreciateitifforherappreciation36一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.（2013浙江） ____________2.Peoplecanreactbadlytocertainfoodadditives（添加劑）. ____________

3.Ironreactswith

waterandairtoproducerust（鐵銹）. ____________二、給act加上適當的前綴或后綴，并用其正確形式填空。1.Hehopestotake____________tofightagainstdiseases.2.Mygrandfatherisstilllivinga(n)____________life.（2015

天津）對……作出反應對……過敏/對……產生不良反應和……發生化學反應reactactionactive373.Wemayhavedifferentopinionsinorganizingclass___________.（2015浙江）activities4.Whenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youwillcarealotmorehowthey__________.（2016全國）5.IfIfindsomeonewholookslikethesuspect（嫌疑人）,myimmediate__________willbetotellthepolice.（2010湖北）6.Thedirectorshoutedsomethingtothecameraoperatorandthenwenttospeaktothetwofamous_______________nearby.（2012全國）reactreactionactors/actresses

一、翻譯下列詞塊。1.預先訂購__________________________________________________________2.取得很大進展__________________________________________________________3.科學進步__________________________________________________________4.提前（于……）；預先（于……）__________________________________________________________advancebooking/bookinadvancemakegreatadvancesscientificadvances/advancesinscienceinadvance(of)advance&advanced二、完成句子。1.Weliveinanageof___________________________（技術飛快進步）.(n)2.Thearmy___________________________________（正向城市前進）.(v)3._________________________（我們取得了很大的進步）inourknowledgeoftheuniverse.(v)三、根據句意寫出advanced的最佳釋義。Thecoursehastwolevels,thebeginnersandtheadvanced.（2015湖南改) ____________________2.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeed