選擇性必修第2冊Unit6Survival目標導航目標導航重點詞匯1．seasideadj.2．newcomern．3．lambn．4．garlicn．5．crucialadj.6．kitn．7．clayn．8．indoorsadv.9．firefightern．10．blazen．11．fierceadj.12．Marsn．13．wipev．14．nuclearadj.15．unmannedadj.16．spacecraftn．17．orbitv．18．astronautn．19．capsulen．20．trunkn．21．thiefn．22．foxn．23．urbanadj.24．garbagen．25．estimatev．26．caven．27．fueln28．agencyn．29．inferv．詞匯拓展1．crimen．罪，罪行→n．罪犯adj.犯罪的2．suburbn．郊區，城郊→adj.郊區的；市郊的3．greedyadj.貪婪的，貪心的；渴望的→n．貪婪；渴望4．commitv．犯(錯誤或罪行)→n．承諾；保證；獻身；投入5．appreciatev．欣賞；賞識；鑒賞→n．欣賞；感激→adj.贊賞的；感激的6．restrictv．限制，控制→n．限制；限定→adj.限制性的7．hikern．徒步旅行者，遠足者→v．去遠足8．optimisticadj.樂觀的；樂觀主義的→n．樂觀主義→adj.悲觀的9．consumptionn．(精力、油、電等的)消耗量→v．消耗→n．消費者10．reactvi.做出反應，回應→n．反應，回應11．monthlyadj.每月一次的→n．月，月份12．advancedadj.先進的，高級的→vi.前進；取得進展n．進展，進步13．terrifyingadj.極其可怕的，駭人聽聞的→adj.害怕的→v．使害怕14．consistv．由……組成→adj.一致的15．exposev．使暴露(于險境)→n．暴露，顯露→adj.暴露的重點詞組1．適應；與……一致2．提供；供使用3．確實，確定無疑4．應付(某種情況)5．使……處于控制之下6．擺脫，除去7．徹底摧毀，消滅8．由……組成，由……構成9．在此期間，與此同時10．分開11．面臨12．暴露于……重點句型1．Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes，theyinwithus.由于無處安家，它們別無選擇只能搬來和我們一起住。2．，theyofferincreasinglyappealingspacestoanimalslookingfornewhabitats.隨著我們的城市環境變得更好，它們為尋找新棲息地的動物提供了越來越吸引人的空間。3．towardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.只有這樣，我們才能期待和諧地共享我們的城市棲息地。4．humankindisdrawntowardsMars，withdreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.毫無疑問，人類被火星吸引，夢想著把它作為我們的第二個家園。知識精講知識精講1greedyadj.貪婪的，貪心的(教材P62)Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen，thegreedythiefdidn'thesitate.貪婪的竊賊在發現有輛車的車窗未關后，沒有絲毫猶豫。Thefoxbroughtupallhehadeatenthismorning.這個貪吃的狐貍把今天早晨吃下去的東西全都吐了出來。[知識拓展](1)begreedyfor begreedytodo... itisgreedyofsb.todo... (2)greedn. greedilyadv. 2commitvt.投入；犯(錯誤或罪行)；做(錯事等)；把……委托于，交付；承諾(教材P62)Nomatterhowmanycrimeshecommitted，thepolicewerepowerlesstoarresthim.不論他犯罪多少次，警察都無法抓捕到他。Youdon'thavetotoanythingoverthephone.你不用在電話里承諾什么。[知識拓展](1)commitacrime commitsuicide commit...to... commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth. (2)committedadj. becommittedto (3)commitmentn. makeacommitment [名師點津]commitoneselfto(doing)sth.表示“專心致志于……”，to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。3inone'sway擋某人的路；妨礙(教材P62)Wherevertheygo，animalsfindtownsandcitiesintheirway.動物不論走到哪里，都發現有城鎮攔路。You'llhavetomove—you're.你得挪一挪，你擋了我的路。[知識拓展]inaway bytheway innoway intheway Noway! 4outofreach夠不著，達不到(教材P62)Outofreachfrommanyoftheirnaturalpredators，thesenewcomersoftenflourishintheirnewcitylives.由于遠離自然界中的許多天敵，這些新來者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃發展。Putyouralarm，willyou?把鬧鐘放在夠不著的地方，好嗎？[知識拓展]within(one's)reach reachforsth. reachout(tosb.) reachanagreement 5underconstruction在建造中；正在施工之中(教材P62)Today，foxescanbeseenalloverLondon—oneevenbeingfoundlivingonthe72ndflooroftheShardbuildingwhenitwasunderconstruction!如今，倫敦到處都能看到狐貍，甚至在建的夏德大廈的72層就住著一只狐貍！Thestudioisstillandwon'topenuntilmid-Marchnextyear.這個工作室仍在籌建中，明年三月中旬才能營業。[知識拓展]understudy underexamination underinvestigation undertreatment undercontrol underrepair underdiscussion 6fitinwith適應；符合；與……一致(教材P62)Someanimalshaveevenchangedtheirlivinghabitstofitinwiththeirnewhomes.一些動物甚至改變了它們的生活習慣來適應它們的新家。Productionofthegoodsmusttheneedsofthesociety.商品生產必須符合社會需要。[知識拓展](1)fitin fitintosth. (2)befitfor/todosth. keepfit/healthy 7estimatev．估計，估算n．(對大小、數量、成本等的)估計；估價(教材P63)Recentstudiesestimatethatbetween400millionand1billionbirdsdiefromwindowimpactseachyearintheUSalone.近期研究估計，僅在美國，每年就有4億到10億只鳥因撞向窗戶死亡。Theybasedtheironthestatisticsforthelastthreeyears.他們以過去三年的統計數據為根據進行估算。[知識拓展](1)estimatesth.(atsth.) estimatethat從句 it'sestimatedthat... make/formanestimateofsth. aroughestimate (2)underestimatev. overestimatev. 8appreciatev．欣賞，賞識(教材P63)Howevertheyadapttoourwaysofurbanliving，it'simportantthatwegetabetterunderstandingofandevenlearntoappreciateourwildneighbours.不論它們如何適應我們的城市生活，更好地理解甚至學會欣賞我們的野生鄰居是非常重要的。Youwillhisnovelbetterifyouunderstandhischildhood.如果你了解了他的童年，就能更好地欣賞他的小說。[知識拓展](1)appreciatesth. appreciate(one's)doingsth. Iwouldappreciateitif... (2)appreciationn. inappreciationof (3)appreciativeadj. [名師點津]appreciate后不接不定式；其后只能接“事”作賓語，而不能接“人”作賓語；且其后不直接跟從句，需先接it，再接從句，類似用法的動詞還有：like，enjoy，hate，love，take，have等。9restrictv．限制；控制(教材P64)Someenvironmentalistsarguethatweshouldrestricturbandevelopmenttoleaveenoughnaturalhabitatsforwildanimals.一些環保人士認為，我們應該限制城市發展，為野生動物留下足夠的自然棲息地。Thereistalkofraisingtheadmissionrequirementstothenumberofstudentsoncampus...有傳聞稱將通過提高錄取條件來限制在校學生的數目。[知識拓展](1)restrict...to...restrictoneselfto(doing)sth.(2)restrictionn. make/placerestrictionson 10“only＋狀語”引起的倒裝(教材P63)Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.只有那時，我們才能展望與它們和諧分享城市棲息地的未來。[句式分析]句中only修飾時間狀語then，置于句首，句子用部分倒裝，把情態動詞can提前。inthiswaycanwelearnEnglish.只有這樣我們才能學會英語。whenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogetbacktowork.直到1918年戰爭結束時，他才能重新開始工作。[知識拓展](1)在英語句子中，為了表示強調，把“only＋狀語(副詞/介詞短語/從句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒裝形式，即把主句中的助動詞、情態動詞或系動詞提到主語前面。(2)若only修飾主語，即使在句首也不倒裝。語法精講語法精講“疑問詞＋-ever”和“nomatter＋疑問詞”[觀察例句]1．Whateverdifficultywemeetwith，wemustfinishthetaskontime，sincetheopportunityissovaluable.2．MothersuggeststhatIshouldcollecttheoldclothesandgivethemtowhoeverneedsthem.3．Nomatterwhenyoupicksomethingup，youshouldturnittotheowneratonce.4．Thereisnopersonintheworldwhocandowhatevertopleasehim.[歸納用法]一、“疑問詞＋-ever”和“nomatter＋疑問詞”引導從句的相同點“疑問詞＋-ever”和“nomatter＋疑問詞”都可以引導讓步狀語從句，均表示“無論；不管”，可互換。Whatever(＝Nomatterwhat)happens，wewillnotchangeourmind.無論發生什么事，我們都不會改變想法。Wherever(＝Nomatterwhere)heis，hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.不管他在哪兒，早餐前都要去散步，這是他的習慣。However(＝Nomatterhow)hardheworks，hefindsitdifficulttomakeendsmeet.無論他多么努力工作，他發現總是入不敷出。[名師點津]however作連詞時，也可以引導讓步狀語從句，后面常常接形容詞或副詞，即：however＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語，有時也可以不接形容詞或副詞。另外，however還可以作副詞，意為“然而”，不能引導讓步狀語從句。完成句子①不管你準備得多么充分，你在登山中仍需要很多運氣。，youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.②不管發生什么，他都必須完成這項任務。，hemustfinishthetask.③不管你在哪兒上班，你都必須努力。，youmustworkhard.④無論學英語有多難，我都要堅持學下去。，Iwillholdontoit.二、“疑問詞＋-ever”和“nomatter＋疑問詞”引導從句的不同點“nomatter＋疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句，而“疑問詞＋-ever”既可以引導讓步狀語從句(此時可與“nomatter＋疑問詞”互換)，又可以引導名詞性從句(此時不可與“nomatter＋疑問詞”互換)。(1)whoever引導名詞性從句時，在從句中通常作主語，相當于anyonewho。Whoeverwantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.誰想住旅館，誰就得自己付錢。(主語從句，whoever在從句中作主語)Whoeverwantstostayinahotel，he/shehastopayhis/herownway.無論誰想住賓館，他/她必須自己付錢。(讓步狀語從句)(2)whomever引導名詞性從句時，在從句中通常作賓語，相當于anyonewhom。但是，在口語中，常用whoever代替whomever。Youmayinvitewhomeveryouliketotheparty.你可以邀請任何你喜歡的人參加這個派對。(賓語從句，在從句中whomever作動詞like的賓語)Whomeveryoulike，youcaninvitehim/hertotheparty.無論你喜歡誰，你都可以邀請他/她來參加這個派對。(讓步狀語從句)(3)whatever引導名詞性從句時，相當于anythingthat，在從句中可作主語、表語或賓語；作“無論什么樣的”講時，在句中作定語。It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverhe/shewants.一個小孩想要什么就給他/她什么，一般被認為是不明智的。(賓語從句，在從句中whatever作動詞wants的賓語)Whateverhedoeshasnothingtodowithme.他做的任何事都與我無關。(主語從句，在從句中whatever作動詞does的賓語)Whateverhesays，shealwaysthinksitright.無論他說什么，她都認為是正確的。(讓步狀語從句)(4)whichever引導名詞性從句時，既可指人，又可指物，通常表示在一定的范圍內進行選擇。Whicheverofyougetsherefirstwillgettheprize.你們誰第一個到這兒，誰就獲獎。(主語從句，whicheverofyou在從句中作主語)Whicheverofyougetsherefirst，he/shewillgettheprize.無論你們誰第一個到這里，他/她就獲獎。(讓步狀語從句)判斷下列從句的類型①Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished. ②Whoeverbreaksthelaw，heshouldbepunished. ③Whatevermayhappen，youmustkeepcalm. ④Keepcalm，whateverhappens. ⑤Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps. Ⅰ.用whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever，however，whenever，wherever填空1．leftthedoorunlockedmustberesponsiblefortheaccident.2．Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuittheseasonis.3．amusingthestoryis，Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.4．ThestrangemanaskedmetohandthelettertoImetinthepolicestation，sayingitwasveryimportant.5．Justicehaslongarms.deliberatelybreaksthelaw，orencouragesotherstodoso，mustexpecttofacejustice.6．Weallknowthatbothcomputershavetheirstrengthsandweaknesses，sochooseyoulike.7．UsinganewappnamedPapa，theelderlypeoplecancallonyoungvolunteerstotakecareofthemtheyareinneed.8．Inpeacetime，theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelpthereishumansuffering.9．hardyoutry，itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountoffatyoueat.10．Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.Ⅱ.短文語法填空NovelcoronaviruspneumoniasweptacrossChinainlate2019.Ourgovernmentimmediatelytook1.(effect)measuresfortreatmentandprevention.Nomatter2.youare，youcangetfreetreatmentfromthegovernment.Inordertopreventthespreadofthedisease，thegovernmenthadtakenmanymeasures.3.yougo，youhad4.(examine)．Thegovernmentcalledforpeopletobeisolatedathome.Ifyoufeelunwell，youshouldputonamaskandgotoadesignatedhospitalforan5.(examine)immediately.Nomatter6.yougo，youshouldwearamask.However，nomatter7.strictthegovernmentmeasureswere，therewerestillsomepeople8.broketherules.Theydid9.theywantedtodo.Ithasbroughtmanydifficultiestothedefenseofthedisease.AscitizensofChina，weshouldactivelycooperatenomatter10.thegovernmentrequiresustodo.寫作園地寫作園地寫一篇生存故事本單元的寫作項目是寫一篇生存故事，屬于記敘文寫作范疇。[基本框架]1．開頭(thebeginning)——引出故事；2．主體(themiddle)——具體過程；3．結尾(theending)——自我感受。[常用詞塊]1．setoffforaplace動身去一個地方2．anunforgettableexperience一次難忘的經歷3．lookbackonthepast回首往事4．remindmeoftheevent讓我想起那件事5．showourdetermination表明我們的決心6．beworthhavingatry值得一試[常用語句]★精彩開頭1．IdidhaveanunforgettableexperiencewhenIwasachild.當我還是孩子的時候，確實有一次難忘的經歷。2．Thestoryremindedmeoftheownexperienceinanearthquake.這個故事讓我想起了自己在一次地震中的經歷。★豐滿主體3．WhenIcametomyself，IfoundIwaslyinginbedinhospital.當我蘇醒的時候，我發現躺在醫院的床上。4．WhenIjustwenttothemiddleofthestreet，acarsuddenlyappearedandcamedirectlytowardme.當我到了路中間的時候，一輛小汽車突然出現了，直接沖我來了。5．Hearingthecry，Iimmediatelyrushedtothebankandjumpedintothewaterwithouttakingoffmyclothes.聽到哭聲，我立即沖到岸邊，沒脫衣服就跳進了水里。★余味結尾6．Thegirl'sparentswereverygratefultomeandmanypeopleweregreatlymovedbymydeeds.女孩的父母非常感激我，許多人都被我的行為所感動。例文假如你是某中學高一學生趙明，不久前經歷了一次地震，你和鄰居一起救出了一個受困的人。請你根據下面四幅圖片的順序，寫出事情的全過程。注意：1.開頭已給出，不計入總詞數；2．詞數80左右。提示詞：鍬，鏟spade；擔架stretcherLastSaturdaymorning，asevereearthquakesuddenlyhappened.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________練習你和李明參加了一次野外生存訓練。下面5幅圖畫表現了野外訓練的過程，請根據圖示寫一篇英文日記。注意：日記的開頭和結尾已為你寫好，可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：指南針：compass手電筒：flashlight急救包：first-aidkit宿營地：campsiteSaturdayApr.20thSunnyLiMingandItookpartinawildernesssurvivalprogramyesterday，andithasbeenoneofthemostunforgettableexperiencessincehighschool.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Welearnedtouseknowledgegainedinclasstrainingtosolveproblems.Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth，whichI'llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.【參考范文】SaturdayApr.20thSunnyLiMingandItookpartinawildernesssurvivalprogramyesterday，andithasbeenoneofthemostunforgettableexperiencessincehighschool.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Welearnedtouseknowledgegainedinclasstrainingtosolveproblems.Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth，whichI'llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.分層提分分層提分題組A基礎過關練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(根據漢語提示或首字母提示寫單詞)1．I(擦)myshoesonthematbeforeIcamein.2．Acloudof(灰塵)roseintheairasthecarranpast.3．Wemusttakesomemeasurestoreduce(犯罪)inthisarea.4．Mygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftmeaboutmyfuture.5．However，oceanexpertsarestudyingmovementsofrandomfloating(垃圾)．6．Theyfoundthe(山洞)quitebyaccidentwhentheywerewalkingacrossthefield.7．Theyarecarryingouttheresearchtofindevencheapersubstitutesforthose(燃料)．8．Fromthepassage，wecanthattheauthorsupportstheideaofrunninginthemorning.9．residentmedicalinsuranceisslightlyhigherthanruralcooperativemedicalinsurance.10．Hehadagoodtimenearthe，enjoyingthedeliciousseafoodandthebeautifulsights.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空(用括號內所給詞的適當形式填空)1．Whenfoodgoesbad，therearesomechemical(react)takingplace.2．Theterriblescenemadeallthepeoplepresentatthemeeting(terrify)．3．Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobalfertilizer(consume)．4．Somestars’fameisnot(consist)withtheirbehavior，whichletsthefansdown.5．Sheiseagertoimprovetheappearanceofskindamagedby(expose)tothesun.6．Withthehelpofthe(advance)technology，wecancompletethetaskaheadoftime.題組B能力提升練語法填空ThereisnodoubtthathumankinddreamsofmakingMarsoursecondhome.However，sendingpeopletherewillrequirealltheskills，courageand1.(intelligent)ofthehumanrace.WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays，itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,2.(travel)throughdangeroussolarradiation.AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely，stayingalivewillbe3.dailychallenge，butasprovedbytheBiosphereexperiment，notimpossible.Asearlyasthe1980s，scientistswerebuildingBiosphere2intheArizonadesert.Itconsistedofaclosedspace4.people，animalsandplantscouldlivetogether.The“closed”conceptmeantthatthespacewasdesigned5.(function)withitsownoxygen，foodandwater，needingnothingfromtheoutsideworld.6.thetwo-yearexperimentwasnotasuccess，itdidprovideuswithabetterunderstandingofhowhumansmightbeabletoliveonanotherplanet.Morerecently，scientists7.(succeed)ingrowingavarietyofplantsinanenvironmentsimilartothatonMars.That8.(definite)isabigstepforward.Fornow，humansettlementofMarsisstill9.(decade)away.Inthemeantime，scientificresearchshowst