Unit1TravelLanguage

Text

1TheAcademicFrancasiehasfordecadesbeenthewatchdogovertheFrench

language.Afewyearsago,FrenchsensitivitytotheinfluxofEnglishwordsbecame

sogreatthatlawforthepurificationofFrenchwasadopted.Thelawcoverseven

technicalapplications.Forexample,intheory,itisnowcompulsoryinFrancetorefer

totheBoeing747asagros-porteur,leasingascredit-bail,etc.thelistisverylongand

detailedandappliestoallfacetsoflife.Mr.Chirac,theFrenchPresident,mightwell

expandonthislistandcomeupwithsomenewFrenchtermsforwordssuchas

“internet"or"bytestream^^justtonameacouple.Themindbogglesatwhattheworld

mightface.

2Unfortunately(orperhapsnot),theEnglishlanguageisnotsoprotected.Quite

apartfromtheunforgivabledeviationsfromtheking'sEnglishprevlentinAmerica,

where“honour“iscommonlywrittenas“honor”and"night"as“nite,"many

well-testedhasalsobeengivenewmeanings,makingcommunicationsomewhat

difficult.Forexample,thebootofacarhasbecometobecalledatrunk-aword

reservedinEnglandforthemainpartofatree.Thebonnetisahood,goodold

nappiesarediapers,andababy'smatineejacketisavest.It'sobviousthatthetwo

countriesareindeedseparatedbywhatoncewasacommonlanguage!Froman

Americanpointofview,ofcourse,itcouldbearguedthattheBritishspeakEnglish

withaspeechdeficiency.

3EvenworseEnglish,however,isinuse.Anyonewhotravelsinforeigncountries

andobservesitonmenusandposters,inhotels,andindeedineverydaylifecantestify

thatwhatusedtobetheking'slingohasbecomeintheseplacesbutapoorrelation

thereof.Allowmetoelaborate.

4ThetravelwriterPerrotPhillipshastakenpainstohighlightsomeofhis

experiences,whichIfeelshouldnotbewithheldfromawiderreadership.Herefersto

aDutchbulbcataloguewhichpromisedcustomers“aspeedyexecution“andtoan

EastBerlincloakroomsignthatrequestedgueststo“pleasehungyourselfhere.^^One

hopesthatnobodytooktheadviceliterally.

5TotheseIcanaddsomeofmyownexperiences,encounteredinlongyearsof

travelingtheworld.Therewas,forexample,theobservationinanOstendnovelty

shopthat"revoltingnewideas”werebeingmarketed,andtheboastofsomeBombay

bakersthat<4weareNo.1loafers,bestvaluesinwholetown.”

6IrealizedhowfarChristinanityhadcomewhenIreadinHongKongthe

followingcallbyadentist:TheteeththeyareextractedherebythelatestMethodists.

7Ifearitcannotbeansweredwithcertaintywhethertheseactuallyillustratea

progressiveuseofEnglishoraresimplyreflectionsoflocalusages.Ifeelquite

strongly,however,thattheHaifaMedicalAssociationshouldhavepreventedoneof

itsmembersfromclaimingonhisbrassplatethatheisa"SpecialistinWomenand

OtherDiseases79

8Hotelsseemtorevelintheirmultilingualsigns.Onesupposesthesesignswere

designedtofacilitatetheuseofmodernservicesinotherwisesterileandbarely

functionalestablishments.Nevertheless,theunsuspectingguestsconfrontedina

Brusselshotelwiththefollowinginstructionfortheuseofthelife(elevator)might

wellprefertowalk:"Tomovethelife,pushbuttontowishingfloor.Ifthecabin

shouldentermorepersons,eachoneshouldpushnumberofwishingfloor.Drivingis

thengoingalphabeticallybynaturalorder.Buttonretainingpressedpositionshows

receivedcommandforvisitingstation."ThelesssophisticatednoticeinIstanbul("To

callroomservice,pleasetoopendoorandcallROOMSERVICE")atleastdoesnot

confronttheguestwithelectronicsthatmightnotalwayswork.

9InTurkey,thedelightin"straighttalk“expressesitselfintheby-now-famous

Ankarabrochurewhichadvises,"VisitourrestaurantwhereyoucaneatMiddleEast

foodsinanEuropeanAmbulance."AnoteonaSwissmenuthat“Ourwinesleave

nothingtohopefor“wasequallyinviting.

10EasternEuropeancourtesieshaveneverlefttheoncegrandhotelsoftheformer

Austro-Hungarianempire.Anoticeinthehotelroomsthat“thehonouredguestsare

invitedtotakeadvantageofthechambermaidsfrom12-14o'clock“might,however,

resultinsomeunplannedtrafficjams.ArecentMoscowexhibition'sannouncement

drewattentionto“ashowingof300paintingsbyRussianartists,mostofwhomwere

executedinthelasttenyears^^-hardlyawelcomingthoughttotheoccasionalvisitor.

11ABangkoklaundry'sadvertisementtothevisitingpublic("Leavingyourclothes

hereandenjoyyourself')couldalsobeseenasainvitationtoextracurricular

activitiesinthatFarEasterncapitaloffiin.

12InRome,alaundryadvertisedasimilarinvitation:Ladies,leaveyourclothes

hereandspendtheafternoonhavingagoodtime.

13Itshouldnotsurprisethetravellerthatnightspotsadvertisetheirwaresin

Europeinmanyanddiverselanguage.TheGermanpreoccupationwithMajorcaleda

MunichnightclubtocopyatrilingualPalmaannouncementthatdancingwasgoingon

inwhatisindeedasurprisingway.Thenoticeread,<4Baile!Baile!Baile!^^inSpanish,

“Tanz!Tanz!Tanz!^^inGerman,and"Balls!Balls!Balls!^^inwhatwasmeanttobe

English.WearesparedtheupperBavarianversionoftheactivity.

14TheBlackForestGermans,ontheotherhand,areknowntoberatherprudish

intheiroutlook,butisitreallynecessarytopostasign:"Itisstrictlyforbiddenonour

BlackForestcampingsitethatpeopleofdifferentsexes,forexamplemenandwomen,

livetogetherinonetentunlesstheyaremarriedwitheachotherforthatpurpose.^^

15Iamtoldthatfortheotherwiseunsuspectingtourist,thefollowingsignproved

arealcrowdpuller.ParrotPhillipsclaimsittobetruethatinanAustrianhotelroom

hefoundthesign:"Ifservicerequired,givetwostrokestothemaidandthreetothe

valet.”

16ThereareundoubtedlymoreandvariedversionsoftheuseofEnglish,

unprotectedasourlanguageisfromtheinterferenceofemergingandambitious

entrepreneurs.Nevertheless,IpreferseeingEnglishdevelopasthelinguafranca

aroundtheworldratherthanbeingsuffocatedforthesakeofso-calledpuritybysome

ill-advisedlegislativeprocess.

Exercises

B部分

1Somepeopleareverysensitiveaboutwhatothersmightthinkofthem.

2BetweenChristmasandNewYear'sday,manystoreshavealonglistofgoodson

sale.ThisisknownasNewYear'ssale.

3Statisticsrevealthattravelingduringone'svocationisbecomingprevalentas

moneyandsparetimeincrease.

4Adeficiencyineducationalresourcesputsatrisktheintellectualdevelopmentofour

children.

5Theapplicant'sdocumentsrequiredforimmigrationwerewithheldbythelocal

policestationbecauseofhiscriminalrecord.

6Duringtheinterview,Marytoldtheinterviewerthatshewouldliketodosomething

interestingbutTomsaidwithcertaintythathewouldchoosethejobwhichpayswell.

7ItisimportantthattheelevatorsbefunctionalbeforetheSpringFestival.

8Inspiteofagoodharvest,farmerswereconfrontedwithmanydifficultiesinselling

theirgrain,whichtheyalonecouldnotovercome.

9Foreignlanguagelearnersshouldknowthatthewayofexpressingcourtesywillbe

quitedifferentfromcountrytocountry.

10Youwillbesparedthefineifyoutelluswhoelsewasinvolved.

11Oneevening,Iwasrunningafterarobberinthenearbywoods.Suddenly,Iwashit

byastrokeofaheavythingfrombehindandlostmyconsciousness.

12Asurveyshowsthatambitiouscompanieswillprovidethecustomerwith

high-qualitygoodsaswellasfirst-classservices.

13Somescientistsanddoctorsclaimthatpurifiedwater,whichispopularinthe

market,maybeharmfultochildren.

14ThisbookisworthbuyingforithighlightsallthefamousAmericanwritersand

theirworks.

Itisaverydemandingjobtobeasoap-operawriterbecausethenoveltyofa

soap-operawearsoffquickly.

C部分

1.Peoplewhoaresensitiveincharactermyhavedifficultyinmakingfriends.

2.Heislovedbyhisstudents,forheisnotonlyalearnedpersonbutalsohasa

senseofhumor.

3.Manydiscoveriesresultedfromthesensitivityofscientiststoseeminglycommon

things.

4.TheChinesegovernmenthasissuedalawthatnineyearsofeducationis

compulsoryforeverychild.

5.Manyteenagershavenoweekendsnowadays.Theyundertakeextratrainingor

remedialclassesunderthecompulsionoftheirparents.

6.Thosewhoplantostudyabroadhavetotakeacompulsoryexaminationof

languageproficiency.

7.Manynewandtallbuildingshavebigpostersontheirfrontwindowssaying”For

leaseorSale“buttherealestateprospectsarestillquitebleak.

8.InordertomakesomemoneyMr.Wilsonmovedhisfamilytothefirstfloorand

startedtoleasethegroundfloor.

9.Sometimes,leasinganapartmentcanbecheapandeasyforapersonwhowants

tosettledowninanewplace.

10.Becausehewasdrivinghiscarataspeedofover180milesanhour,atinyrock

wasenoughtodeviatehiscarofftheroad.

11.Longtimetensionandpressuremaycausepeopletobehavedeviantly.

12.Theinvestigationshowsthattheaircrashwascausedbyadeviationfromnormal

airportprocedure.

13.Theprevalenceofcomplaintsaboutthebadweatherallovertheworldmaymake

peopleawarehowseriousairpollutionis.

14.Itisveryinterestingthatsomestylesofclothesthatwereprevalentinthelast

centuryhaveagainbecomeafashionnow.

15.Nowadaysthetraditionofthreegenerationsofafamilylivingunderthesame

roofisnolongerprevalentinmanycitiesofChina.

16.Allthechildreninkindergartenarerequiredtodrinkatleastoneglassofmilka

daybecausericketscanresultfromadietdeficientinvitaminD.

17.Thedemeritsofthepresenteducationalsystemarerevealedbycollegegraduates

whoaredeficientinpracticalexperience.

18.Thereisnoneedtoreadthewholenovel.Sometimespeoplemaybenefitalot

fromreadingjustafewextracts.

19.Itisreportedthatsomepeasantshavemadeafortunebyextractingpoisonfrom

snakestheyraised.

20.Examplesextractedfromourdailylifearevividandeasyfbrpeopleto

understand.

21.TwoU.S.ArmyexpertsweresentfromGermanytojointheairforceofficersin

thesearchforanswerstothemysterythatconfrontedthem.

22.Morethantwentyyears'confrontationsbetweenthetwocountrieshavesolvedby

diplomaticnegotiations.

23.Althoughhewasconfrontedwithmanydifficultiesinsettingupanewcompany,

hedidnotgiveup.

24.Theproverb“Sparetherodandspoilthechild”meansthatdisciplineisnecessary

forchildren;otherwisetheymaygrowuptobespoiled.

25.Youneedtobringasparetirewithyoujustincaseyourcarbreaksdowninthe

middleofsomewhere.

26.Couldyousparemeafewminutes?Ihavesomethingimportanttotalkwithyou.

27.Icouldn'tbelievehehadastrokelastmonthbecausehecanwalklikeanormal

personnow.

28.Peoplefeelsorryforsomeyoungwomenwhothinkthatahappylifemeansto

spendtheirtimeathomewatchingTVandstrokingtheirpets.

29.ItisreallyamazingthathecouldwritecomplicatedChinesecharacterswithone

stroke.

改錯(cuò)

1Ifourfriendscannottakeus,wemustmakealternativearrangementstogettothe

airport.

2Nooneinthisdepartmenthaseveraccusedthegovernoroftakingadvantageofhis

position;heishard-workingandconsiderate.

3Thepetdogdiedwhenitwasfifteen,notofoldage,butofaheadinjurywhenitfell

downaflightofstairs.

4Casualtiesaresaidtobeveryhighandinsomevillages,whereolderandless

substantialbuildingspredominate,itissaidthatnotahouseremainsstanding.

5Itwasanacceptedcustominwesterncountriesformentoopenthedoorforwomen

andalwaystoletladiesgofirstonsocialoccasions.

6Earlyindustrialpeopleusedthreetimesasmuchenergyastheiragricultural

ancestors;modernpeopleareusingthreetimesasmuchastheirindustrialancestors.

7Geothermalsources,thoughinasensefree,inordertobemaintained,wouldendup

usingmoreenergythantheyproduced.

8Eversincetheinventionofthetwo-dayweekend,where-to-go-for-the-holidayhas

beenalivetopicforpeopleinthiscity.

9Whenwespeakofleisurenowadays,wearenotthinkingofsecuringtimeor

opportunitytodosomething;timeweighslessheavilyonyourhands,andtheproblem

ishowtofillit.

10ThereisabsolutelynoreasonforsayingthattherearenoregularitiesinNature

withwhichourstatementsofnaturallawcorrespond.

完形填空

Whateverelsepeopledowhentheycometogether-whethertheyplay,fight,ormake

automobiles-theytalk.Welieinaworldoflanguage.Wetalktoourfriends,our

associates,ourwivesandhusbands,ourbosses,ourteachers,ourparentsandin-laws.

Wetalktobusdriversandtotalstrangers.Wetalkfacetofaceandoverthetelephone,

andeveryonerespondswithmoretalk.Televisionandradiofurtherswellthistorrent

ofwords.Hardlyamomentofourwakinglivesisfreefromwords,andeveninour

dreamswetalkandaretalkedto.Wealsotalkwhenthereisnoonetoanswer.Some

ofustalkaloudinoursleep.Wetalktoourpetsandsometimestoourselves.Weare

theonlyanimalsthatdoso.

Thepossessionoflanguage,morethananyotherattribute,distinguisheshumansfrom

otheranimals.Tounderstandourhumanitywemustunderstandthelanguagethat

makesushuman.Accordingtothephilosophyexpressedinthemythsandreligionsof

manypeoples,itislanguagethatisthesourceofhumanlifeandpower.Tosome

peopleofAfrica,anewbornchildisakuntu,a"thing”,notyetamuntu,a“person.”

Onlybytheactoflearningdoesthechildbecomeahumanbeing.Accordingtothis

tradition,weallbecome"human“becauseweallcometoknowatleastonelanguage.

翻譯

在過去，當(dāng)探險(xiǎn)者或商人們走出家園到外面的世界去尋找新的領(lǐng)地、市場(chǎng)或原材

料資源時(shí)，他們通常與跟他們打交道的當(dāng)?shù)厝苏f的不是同一種語言。遇到這種情

況時(shí)，他們一般采取以下三種方法之一來對(duì)付，呂口：（1）外來人學(xué)習(xí)說當(dāng)?shù)刂?/p>

人的語言（或反之），（2）他們使用當(dāng)?shù)刈鳛橘Q(mào)易用的第三種語言，或（3）產(chǎn)生一種新

的語言——這種語言是由使用者的不同母語的一些成分合成的。在說不同語言的

人群中用來作為他們共同的交際工具的語言叫混合語（交際語）。這個(gè)名稱是由在

地中海地區(qū)使用的中世紀(jì)時(shí)的貿(mào)易語言派生而來的。這種貿(mào)易語言主要基于日耳

曼語（意大利語、法語和西班牙語），但也包括了一些希臘語、阿拉伯語和土耳其

語的成分。在當(dāng)今世界，將英語稱為最主要的交際語是合適的，因?yàn)橛⒄Z是大部

分說不同語言的人的交際工具。

1Onetheoryreferstothesensitivitytothetargetlanguageasbeingoneofthemost

importantfactorsinlanguagelearning.

2InordertohelpstudentsintheirstudyofEnglish,thelibraryhasdecidedtolease

theoriginaleditionsofEnglishfilms.

3Onweekends,ifoneshopputsupdiscountnotices,othershop,bigorsmall,will

comeupwithmorediscountnotices.

4Whenungrammaticalexpressionsofalanguagebecomeprevalentinsociety,they

willgraduallybecomeacceptedbythepublic.

5Theclosingofthecompanywasnotcausedbyashortageofcapitalbutby

managementdeficiency.

6Advertisementsusuallyhighlighttheproductorservicetheyadvertisetoattract

customers.

7Itisarguedthatweshouldwithholdthespeedoflanguagechange;otherwisewe

mayhavetolearnanewlanguageeverytwentyyears.

8IamgratefultohimbecauseeverytimeIencountereddifficultiesinmystudyhe

wouldhelpme.

9Itwilltakegreatpainstoimprove/changethefinancialsituationofthefactory.

10Thosewhoadvocatethepurificationofalanguageprotectthelanguageforthe

sakeoftheirculture.

Unit2LiesandTruth

Text

1Whatistruth?-andtheoppositequestionthatgoeswithit:whatmakesalie?

Philosophers,teachers,andreligiousleadersfromallculturesandperiodsofhistory

haveofferedmanyanswerstothesequestions.AmongEuro-North-Americanwriters,

thereisgeneralagreementontwopoints.Thefirstisthatwhatwecalla"lie"mustbe

toldintentionally-thatis,ifsomeonetellsanuntruthbuttheybelieveittobetrue,we

don'tconsiderthemaliar.Thesecondpointisthatpracticallyeveryonelies,andlies

frequently.Buttheretheagreementends.

2Oneratherextremepointofviewisthatlyingisalwaysbadandthatweshould

trytofindwaysavoiddoingit.Thereasonisthatlyinghurtsnotonlythelistener,but

alsotheliar.Eachliemakesthenextoneeasiertotell,andtheliarcomesnotonlyto

disrespectherself,buttomistrustothers,whomshebelieveswilllieaseasilyasshe.

Inasociety,wherelyingiscommon,trustbecomesimpossible,andwithouttrust,

cooperationcannotexist.Furthermore,bylyingtopeople,weremovetheirpowerto

makeimportantchoicesabouthowtospendmoney,whatfuturecareertotake,what

medicaltreatmenttotake.

3Towardtheoppositeextremeisthepositionthatalthoughsomeliesareevil,

manyothersarenot-infact,theyarenecessarytoholdoursocietytogether.Weliein

harmlesswaystoprotectother'sfeelingsandtobetterourrelationship.Thesearenot

liesthattrytohurtothers.Welaughattheboss'sjokewhichwehaveheardbefore

andwhichshedoesn'ttellverywell;wepretendinterestinafriend'sstoryof

somethinguninterestingthathappenedtohim.Ifsomeoneasksusaquestionthatis

verypersonalandisnoneoftheirbusiness,wemaylieinresponse.Sometimeswelie

toprotectthereputationoreventhelifeofanotherperson.Onalargerscale,

governmentmayprotectnationalsecuritybylying.

4Eachpersonseemstohavesomepointatwhichtheydrawthelinebetweenan

acceptablelieandabadlie.Obviously,thispointvariesfromindividualtoindividual

andfromculturetoculture.Asometimespainfulpartofgrowingupisrealizingthat

noteveryonesharesyourownindividualdefinitionofhonesty.Yourparentsandyour

culturemayteachyouthatliarssuffer,butasyougothroughlife,youfindthatoften

theydon't:infact,dishonestpeopleoftenseemtoprospermorethanhonestones.

Whatareyoutodowiththisrealization?Itmaymakeyourmoralbeliefslookweak

andsillyincomparison,andyoumaybegintoquestionthem.Ittakesagreatdealof

strengthandcouragetocontinuelivinganhonestlifeinthefaceofsuchreality.

5Therearemanywaystocategorizelies,buthereisafairlysimpleone:

6Littlewhitelies:Thisisournameforliesthatweconsiderharmlessandsocially

acceptable.Theyareusuallytoldtoprotecttheliarorthefeelingsofthelistener.Most

ofthemwouldbeconsideredsociallies,andtheyincludeapologiesandexcuses:“I

triedtocallyou,butyourlinewasbusy.”"You'rekidding!Youdon'tlooklikeyou've

gainedapound."Somepeople,however,wouldconsideritacceptabletolietosave

themselvesfromresponsibilityinabusinesstransaction:44AfterIgothome,Inoticed

thatitwasbroken,soFmreturningitandwouldlikemymoneyback.”

7Occasionallya"littlewhitelie“mayhaveaveryprofoundeffectonthelivesof

thelisteners,andmayevenbackfire.AuthorStephanieErcssontellsofthe

well-meaningU.S.Armysergeantwhotoldalieaboutoneofhismenwhohadbeen

killedinaction.Thesergeantreportedthemanas“missinginaction,,9notkilled,so

thatthemilitarywouldcontinuesendingmoneytothedeadman'sfamilyeverymonth.

Whathedidn'tconsiderwasthatbecauseofhislie,thefamilycontinuedtolivein

thatnarrowspacebetweenhopeandloss,alwayswatchingforthemailorjumping

whenthetelephoneorthedoorbellrang.Theyneverwereabletogothroughthe

normalprocessofsorrowingfor,andthenaccepting,thedeathoftheirfatherand

husband.Thewifeneverremarried.Whichwasworse,thelieorthetruth?Didthe

sergeanthavetherighttodowhathedidtothem?

8Whatwereallymeanwhenwecallanuntrutha“l(fā)ittlewhitelie“isthatwethink

itwasjustifiable.Intothiscategoryfallmanyoftheliestoldwithinthewallsof

government.Apersonmaylietogovernment,oragovernmentofficialmaylietothe

public,andbelievethatbydoingso,hebecomesahero.Clearly,however,one

person's"littlewhitelie^^isanotherperson's"dirtyThatbringsustothesecond

category:

9Dirtylies:Thereareliestoldwithintenttoharmthelistenerorathirdpartyand

tobenefittheliar.Intothiscategoryfalltheliesofsomedishonestsalespersons,

mechanics,repairmen;husbandsorwiveswhoarehavinganaffairwithsomeoneelse;

teenagerswholietogetoutofthehouseinordertodothingsthattheirparentswould

dieiftheyknewaboutit;drugaddictswhobegfamilymembersformoneytosupport

theirhabit.Dirtyliesmybetoldtoimproveoneperson'sreputationbydestroying

another's,tohurtacolleague'schancesofpromotionsothattheliarwillbeadvanced.

10Liesofomission:Somepeoplebelievethatlyingcoversnotonlywhatyousay,

butalsowhatyouchoosenottosay.Ifyou'retryingtosellacarthatburnsalotofoil,

butthebuyerdon'taskaboutthatparticularfeature,isitalienottotellthem?Inthe

UnitedStates,afavoriteplacetowithholdthetruthisonpeople'sincometaxreturns.

Thegovernmentconsidersthisanunquestionablelie,andifcaught,thesepeopleare

severelypunished.Ifomissioncanbelying,historybooksaregreatliars.Until

recently,mostU.S.historytextbookspaintedChristopherColumbuspurelyasahero,

themanwho'"discoveredAmerica,andhadnothingtosayabouthisdarkerside.

Moreover,mostNativeAmericanandAfrican-Americancontributorstoscience,

technology,invention,literature,art,discovery,andotherareasofcivilizationusedto

beomittedformchildren'sschoolbooks.Manypeopleconsideredthisalie,and

today'shistorybooksusuallymentionatleastsomeofit,thoughnotasmuchassome

peoplemightlike.

11Falsepromises:Thiscategoryismadeupofpromisesthatthepromiserknows

arefalse,thathehasnointentionofkeepingevenastheworldleavehislips.While

somearefairlyharmlessandsocial,othersaretakenmoreseriouslyandcanhurtthe

listener:'THneverdoitagain,Ipromise.^^Advertisersandpoliticianssufferfrom

terriblestereotypesbecauseofthefalsepromisesofsomeoftheirnumber:"Lose50

poundsintwoweeks.”“Readmylips:Nonewtaxes."Probablyeveryonewould

agreethatifwemakeapromisebuthavenointentionofkeepingit,welie.Butwhat

ifwereallydoplantokeepit,andthensomethinghappenstopreventit?Considerthe

journalistwhopromisesnottoindentifyhisresources,butthenispressuredbyhis

newspaperorbythelaw.Howfarshouldhegotokeephisword?Ifhebreakshis

promise,ishedishonest?

12Liestooneself:Thisisperhapsthesaddestandmostpathetickindoflying.

Thesearetheliesthatpreventusfrommakingneededchangesinourselves:"IknowI

drank/spent/atetoomuchyesterday,butIcancontrolitanytimeIreallywantto."But

thereisafinelinebetweennormaldreamsandambitionsontheonehand,and

deceivingourselvesontheother,andwehavetobecarefulwherewedrawit.It's

commonforyoungpeopletodreamofrisingtothetopoftheircompany,ofwinninga

NobelPrize,ofbecomingfamousorrich;butisthatself-deception,orsimplyhuman

nature?Weretheylyingtothemselves?Morelikely,theyreallybelievedthatsucha

futurewasopentothem,becausetheyhadseenithappentoothers.Weshouldn'tbe

toohardonourselves,butifwehaveturnedablindeyetoourfaults,weshouldtake

anhonestlookinthemirror.

13Thereisnoquestionthattheterms“l(fā)ying”and“honesty“havedefinitionsthat

varyacrosscultureboundaries.Membersofoneculturemaystereotypemembersof

anotheras“greatliars,“"untrustworthy,"or"afraidtofacethetruth."Butwhatmay

liebehindthesedifferencesisthatoneculturevaluesfactualinformationevenifit

hurts,whileanotherplacesmorevalueonsensitivitytootherpeople'sfeelings.While

themembersofeachculturebelievethatofcoursetheirvaluesaretherightones,they

areunlikelytoconvincemembersofotherculturestochangeover.Andthat's"the

truth.”

Exercises

B部分

1ManypeopleinChinanowcannotforgetwhathadhappenedinthe10-yearturmoil

andnoonecanbeargoingthroughthatagain.

2Ifyouwanttoquityourjob,youhavetomoveoutoftheapartment,whichgoes

withthejob.

3Thedocumentscameinresponsetovarioussuggestionsputforwardbythepublic.

4Iwasbornandgrewupinaworldofsilence,aworldofhardworkandnecessary

patience.

5Hemetwithsometroublewhenhewasreportedtohavehadanaffairwith/be

havinganaffairwithhissecretary.

6Weshouldnotturnablindeyetothefactthathermarriagewouldnotbreakupif

loveandloyaltycountforanything.

7Somepeoplebelievethatsomeliesarenecessarytoholdourpeopletogetherand

betterourrelationship.

8Hehasbeenwatchingforeverymailashecherishesahopethatonedayhismissing

brotherwillcontacthim.

9EuropeanTVwasafairlydullaffairincomparisontoAmericanTV,but

occasionallyitwasenlivenednowandthenbyAmericanimports.

10Istillfeelitisratherdifficultforustodrawalinebetweenwhiteliesanddirtylies.

改錯(cuò)

1ThefirstEnglishimmigrationstowhatisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedthe

AtlanticlongafterSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexico,theWestIndies

andSouthAmerica.

2We'dratherhavelongwaitsthanhavenoshiftingofthescenes,withalltheactors

onthestagedoingnothing.

3Theteachersaidthatifwebelievedsomethingwastrueandgoodweshouldhold

ontoit.

4ThetextanddialoguesbelowfocusonculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseand

Westernsocietieswhichcancreatemisunderstandingifignored.

5Whensailorsarenotsupposedtobeatworkontheship,theygoashoreandlook

aroundtown.

6AbrahamLincolnoncespokeofdemocracybysayingthathewouldnotbeaslave

andnorwouldhebeamaster.

7Ididn'tmindtheircominglatetothelecture,butobjectedtotheirmakingso

muchnoise.

8It'struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger;wewon'ttakethenewone,

though,becausewedon'tfeelassafeonit.

9Don'tmaketheexaminerspendtoomuchtimetryingtogetyoutosaysomething.

10Onseeingtheyounggirlfallingintothelake,Ericsprangtohisfeetandwentto

herrescure.

完形填空

Duringthepasttenyearsagreatdealofattentionhasbeengivento“tellingitlikeit

is.”Myimpressionisthatthisdevotio