ICS03.180

CCSA18

中華人民共和國國家標準化指導性技術文件

GB/Z45492—2025

標準化教育課程建設指南

國家質量基礎設施（NQI）及應用

Coursedevelopmentguideforeducationaboutstandardization—

Nationalqualityinfrastructureanditsapplication

2025?03?28發布2025?03?28實施

國家市場監督管理總局

國家標準化管理委員會發布

GB/Z45492—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規范性引用文件········································································································1

3術語和定義、符號和縮略語··························································································1

3.1術語和定義········································································································1

3.2符號和縮略語·····································································································3

4總體原則·················································································································3

4.1系統性··············································································································3

4.2實踐性··············································································································4

4.3專業性··············································································································4

4.4多樣性··············································································································4

4.5持續改進···········································································································4

5課程設計·················································································································4

5.1課程目標···········································································································4

5.2課程設計框架·····································································································5

5.3課程基本信息·····································································································5

5.4課程內容···········································································································5

5.5課程資源···········································································································7

6課程制作·················································································································7

6.1課件制作···········································································································7

6.2試題文件制作·····································································································7

6.3課內實踐制作·····································································································8

6.4課外實踐制作·····································································································8

6.5內容審核與修改··································································································8

6.6課程交付···········································································································8

7課程實施·················································································································8

7.1課程團隊···········································································································8

7.2教學實施···········································································································9

7.3考核方式··········································································································10

8課程評價與改進······································································································10

8.1評價原則··········································································································10

8.2評價內容··········································································································10

Ⅰ

8.3評價方式··········································································································10

8.4改進調整··········································································································11

附錄A（資料性）課程知識點·························································································12

附錄B（資料性）職業教育和繼續教育領域的課程知識點·····················································20

附錄C（資料性）教學大綱要點示例················································································26

附錄D（資料性）實踐教學活動示例················································································32

參考文獻····················································································································34

GB/Z45492—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標準化工作導則第1部分：標準化文件的結構和起草規則》的規定

起草。

請注意本文件的某些內容可能涉及專利。本文件的發布機構不承擔識別專利的責任。

本文件由全國標準化教育標準化工作組（SAC/SWG27）提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：深圳市計量質量檢測研究院、深圳技術大學、華測檢測認證集團股份有限公司、

深圳天溯計量檢測股份有限公司、河北大學、國家市場監督管理總局認證認可技術研究中心、華南理工

大學、上海大學、中國計量科學研究院、中國標準化研究院、安徽省質量和標準化研究院、中國航空綜合

技術研究所、天紡標（深圳）檢測認證股份有限公司、東華大學、深圳職業技術大學、廣州市番禺區檢驗

檢測產業促進會、廣州市輕工技師學院、廣州市技師學院、精研質標科技（深圳）有限公司、廣東省東莞

市質量技術監督標準與編碼所、湖南大學、上海工程技術大學、中國南方電網有限責任公司超高壓輸電

公司柳州局、中國計量大學、中科健康產業集團股份有限公司、中國質量標準出版傳媒有限公司、蕪湖

市標準化研究院。

本文件主要起草人：楊志敏、劉匯、羅偉、錢曉艷、楊克軍、黃曼雪、鄧軍、方立德、賈鵬、黃理納、劉宏偉、

陳國芬、王宇、趙五州、嚴玉蓉、李明、于連超、易婷婷、康鍵、吳倩、萬曙峰、黃開勝、郭繼平、陳歡、蔣婷、

陳偉健、李衛東、張叢光、葉有權、黃旭光、鐘秀平、麥婉菁、李明根、陳欣欣、徐紹坤、黎柏強、鐘才粦、

滕召勝、辛斌杰、宋陽、顏鷹、周亞杰、李保忠、郭天慧、魯雅婷、杜佳婷、鄭惠政、曾莉驊、李昊。

Ⅲ

GB/Z45492—2025

引言

德國物理技術研究院（PTB）于2002年首次提出了國家質量基礎設施（nationalqualityinfrastruc?

ture，NQI）的概念，聯合國貿易中心（ITC）于2005年發布《出口戰略創新》報告，提出NQI的理念；聯

合國工業發展組織（UNIDO）和國際標準化組織（ISO）于2006年提出計量、標準和合格評定是未來經

濟社會發展的三大支柱；世界銀行（WB）于2013年提出建設NQI的公共干預理論，認為國家質量基礎

適用于所有產品和服務；國際標準化組織（ISO）、國際法制計量組織（OIML）、國際認可論壇（IAF）等于

2017年召開國際會議將市場監督納入NQI體系。NQI有不同的層級概念，包括全球質量基礎設施

（GQI），國家質量基礎設施（NQI）、區域質量基礎設施（RQI）、產業質量基礎設施（IQI）和企業質量基礎

設施（EQI）等，以上概念也可統稱質量基礎設施（QI）。NQI的內涵還在不斷豐富，外延仍在拓展中。

世界發達國家以及相關國際組織均非常重視NQI的研究與應用。

我國非常重視NQI的研究與應用。2014年1月，中國工程院啟動了工業強基戰略研究項目，該項

目將“質量技術基礎戰略研究”列為項目專項課題，標志著我國NQI的整體研究工作正式啟動；2014年

4月，國家質檢總局設立國家質量基礎設施課題研究小組，首次對計量、標準、檢驗檢測、認證認可的集

成建設進行系統性研究；2016年，我國首次設立國家重點研發計劃《國家質量基礎的共性技術研究與

應用》重點專項，國撥經費17.83億元；2017年9月5日，中共中央、國務院在印發的《關于開展質量提

升行動的指導意見》中，首次將NQI建設作為該指導意見中的主要目標和總體任務；2020年11月13日，

國家市場監督管理總局印發《關于大力開展質量基礎設施“一站式”服務的意見》，指出要“加強質量基

礎建設、為企業、產業、區域提供全鏈條、全方位、全過程質量基礎設施綜合服務”；2021年，《中華人民

共和國國民經濟和社會發展第十四個五年規劃和2035年遠景目標綱要》提出“完善國家質量基礎設

施”，《國家標準化發展綱要》提出“促進標準與國家質量基礎設施融合發展”，國家重點研發計劃《國家

質量基礎設施體系》重點專項啟動；2023年2月6日，中共中央、國務院頒布《質量強國建設綱要》，提

出構建高水平質量基礎設施體系。

在國內外NQI研究與應用發展迅速、實踐應用大規模展開的特殊條件下，NQI的人才培養尤顯重

要。本文件致力于貫徹落實《質量強國建設綱要》，規范NQI及應用教育內容和方式，提升學習者的

NQI意識和實踐技能，提高人才培養的質量和效率，助力經濟高質量發展。

本文件旨在為普通高等教育的NQI及應用課程提供具體的建設指導，明確課程的定位與教學目

標，也可為職業教育和繼續教育等相關課程建設提供參考。

Ⅳ

GB/Z45492—2025

標準化教育課程建設指南

國家質量基礎設施（NQI）及應用

1范圍

本文件提供了“國家質量基礎設施（NQI）及應用”課程的總體原則、課程設計、課程制作、課程實施

和課程評價與改進的指導，并給出了相關的案例。

本文件適用于普通高等教育的NQI及應用課程的開發與實施，職業教育和繼續教育等相關課程

參考使用。

2規范性引用文件

下列文件中的內容通過文中的規范性引用而構成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文

件，僅該日期對應的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于

本文件。

GB/T19000—2016質量管理體系基礎和術語

GB/T20000.1—2014標準化工作指南第1部分：標準