英語專業八級測驗瀏覽懂得演習

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,

violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameans

ofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.

Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrule

bybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackman

protestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingand

pillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldin

otherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupand

calmlyargueinfavorofviolence-asifitwerea

legitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreally

frightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,isthe

realizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehave

madenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsand

tiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremain

basicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryof

thehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,

hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnot

learntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesit

moreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,the

sufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolight

themorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethe

smokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionslie

arefindingitharderandherdertogetahearing.They

aredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirown

kindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageous

thingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoes

intoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifourefforts

weredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,at

improvingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationand

employmentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwayto

arrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhaving

tomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Ina

well-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibleto

fulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.The

benefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutions

areeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuine

andlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingwe

workwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-

existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeach

other，sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnabout

them:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,in

exchanginginformation."Talk,talk,talk,z/theadvocates

ofviolencesay,“allyoueverdeistalk,andweare

nonethewiser.〃It'sratherlikethestoryofthefamous

barristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothe

judge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudge

complainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethe

wiser."Possible,mylord,z，thebarristerreplied,“none

thewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed./zKnowledgeis

thenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethat

violencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

[A]AdvocatingViolence.

[B]ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

[C]ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsa

LegitimateSolution.

[D]TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus

[A]violenceneversolvesanything.[B]nothing.[C]

thebloodshedmeansnothing.[D]everything.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen

[A]can，tgetahearing.[B]arelookeddownupon.[C]

arepersecuted.[D]Havedifficultyinadvocatinglaw

enforcement.

4.〃Hewasnonethewiser"means

[A]hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.

[B]Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.

[C]Hegainsnothingafterlistening.

[D]Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolverace

prejudiceis

[A]lawenforcement.[B]knowledge.[C]

nonviolence.[D]Moppinguptheviolentmess.

難句譯注：

1.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwith

despairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothe

crunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.

【構造簡析】whenitcomestothecrunch=when/ifthe

decisivemomentcomes.當癥結時刻來屆時.

【參照譯文】真正令人可怖的，令人抻望的是,在癥結時刻，人們意

識到我們一點兒也沒有提高/進步.

2.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemess

thatviolenceleavesinitswake.

【構造簡析】inthewakeof在…之后.

【參照譯文】由于我們不克不及不清算掉落暴力之后所留下的爛

攤子，我們的力氣是以減弱了.

3.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudge

complainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethe

wiser.

【構造簡析】none+the+比較級.固定使用方法，義：notat

all一點兒也不?EX:Afterthetreatment,heisnonethe

better.治療后，他并沒有是以見好，（一點兒也不見好）.

【參照譯文】聽了律師的長篇解釋,法官埋怨說他一無所得，其實

不是以變得愚蠢些.

4.Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom.

【參照譯文】常識是愚蠢的須要的先決前提.聯合高下文這里意思

是：懂得情形是處理問題的先決前提.句子背面的解釋：常識是指

懂得它欲以處理暴力制作的罪行.

答案詳解：

1.B暴力難以清除種族成見.文章一開端就提出有些國度種族成見

輕微,而暴力倒是公認的一種處理措施.白人采用暴力彈壓，黑人以

防火.掠搶為對抗.而兩邊的大人物鎮靜地論及暴力，似乎這是一種

合法的處理籌劃.作者就此指出人類的提高只在于概況一一服飾等,

人類的本性沒有轉變.所有有記載汗青的文獻沒有教會人類任何器

械.這是真正令人恐怖的事宜.第二段論及真正有理智的懂得處理

籌劃地點的人宣傳法制，人們不停.他們反而收到歧視.危害.作者

就此提出假設，答出真正的處理籌劃嗜法制，以法治理.

第三段深入解釋“互換.對話”是懂得兩邊問題的前提，雖然暴力

者不合意，但懂得暴力制作它偽裝要處理的罪行，是愚蠢愚蠢的須

要前提.

A.宣傳暴力.C.兩邊重要人物都把暴力作為合法的處理籌劃.D.人

類的賦性是嗜暴性.

2.B沒有什么.第一段中就明白提出整小我類有記載汗青又長又臭

的暴力文獻記載，一點都沒有教給我們任何器械.

A.暴力處理不了任何工作.C.屠殺（流血）沒有任何意義.D.一切.

3.D在宣傳法制方面有艱苦.答案在第二段，真正有理智的人宣傳

法制,遭到同類們的歧視.不信賴和危害.他們發明要人傾聽他們的

見解越來越艱苦.

A.人們不聽.B.遭人歧視.C.遭人危害.這三項都包括在D項內.

4.C聽后無所得.Nonethewiser一點也不比此前愚蠢（這是按字

面翻譯）.現實就是C項.

A.在傾聽他人上他一點也不愚蠢.B.他和此前一種樣.D.他聽不懂

論點.

5.A法制.第二段最終一句，假如我們在司法的構架中進行工作,真

正的持久的處理老是能實現的.第二段第二句，他們遭到危害是由

于他們宣傳法制這種顯然令人不克不及容忍的事.

B.常識.C.非暴力.D.處理暴力帶來的凌亂.

Thetouristtradeisbooming.Withallthiscomingand

going,you'dexpectgreaterunderstandingtodevelop

betweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!

Superbsystemsofcommunicationbyair,seaandlandmake

itpossibleforustovisiteachother，scountriesata

moderatecost.Whatwasoncethe'grandtour",reserved

foronlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody，sgrasp?

Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobe

sneeredat.Moderntravelersenjoyalevelofcomfort

whichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddays

couldn'thavedreamedof.Butwhat，sthesenseofthis

massexchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworld

remainbasicallyignorantofeachother?

Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsible

forthisstateofaffairs.Theydeliberatelysetoutto

protecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththe

localpopulation.Themoderntouristleadsacosseted,

shelteredlife.Helivesatinternationalhotels,where

heeatshisinternationalfoodandsipshisinternational

drinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.

Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecareful]y

censored.Thetouristisallowedtoseeonlywhatthe

organizerswanthimtoseeandnomore.Astrictschedule

makesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhis

own;andanyway,languageisalwaysabarrier,soheis

onlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.Atitsvery

worst,thisleadstoanewandhideouskindof

colonization.Thesummerquartersoftheinhabitantsof

theciteuniversitaire：aretemporarilyreestablishedon

theislandofCorfu.Blackpoolisrecreatedat

Torremolinoswherethetravelergoesnottoeatpaella,

butfishandchips.

Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleads

tothepersistenceofnationalstereotypes.Wedon，tsee

thepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyare,butaswe

havebeenbroughtuptobelievetheyare.Youcantest

thisforyourself.Takefivenationalities,say,French,

German,English,AmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmind,

matchthemwiththesefiveadjectives：musical,amorous,

cold,pedantic,native.Farfromprovidinguswithany

insightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoples

justmentioned,theseadjectivesactuallyactasbarriers.

Sowhenyousetoutonyourtravels,theonly

characteristicsyounoticearethosewhichconfirmyour

preconceptions.Youcomeawaywiththehighlyunoriginal

andinaccurateimpressionthat,say,JAnglo-Saxonsare

hypocrites'ofthat'Latinpeoplesshoutalot，.Youonly

havetomakeafewforeignfriendstounderstandhow

absurdandharmfulnationalstereotypesare.Buthowcan

youmakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesits

besttopreventyou?

Carriedtoanextreme,stereotypescanbepositively

dangerous.Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredand

blindustothebasicfact"howtriteitsounds!每That

allpeoplearehuman.Weareallsimilartoeachother

andatthesametimeallunique.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis

[A]Tourismcontributesnothingtoincreasing

understandingbetweennations.

[B]Tourismistiresome.

[C]Conductedtourisdull.

[D]Tourismreallydoessomethingtoone'scountry.

2.Whatistheauthor，sattitudetowardtourism?

[A]apprehensive.[B]negative.[C]critical.[D]

appreciative.

3.Whichwordinthefollowingisthebestto

summarizeLatinpeopleshoutalot?

[A]silent.[B]noisy.[C]lively.[D]active.

4.Thepurposeoftheauthor，scriticismistopoint

out

[A]conductedtourisdisappointing.

[B]thewayoftouringshouldbechanged.

[C]whentraveling,younoticecharacteristicswhich

confirmpreconception.

[D]nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged.

5.Whatis'grandtour，now?

[A]moderatecost.

[B]localsight-seeingisinvestigatedbythetourist

organization.

[C]peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.

[D]everybodycanenjoythe'grandtour'.

答案詳解

1.A旅游對增進平易近族懂得毫無建樹.第二段開端點出，

諸多旅游組織直接負責旅游事宜，他們故意識不讓旅游者接觸當地

居平易近，讓他們過著一種關懷備至又與世隔斷的生涯.住的是國

際飯鋪，吃的是國際食物,喝的是國際飲料,在原處不雅看當地居平

易近.嚴厲有序的籌劃使旅游者難以自身一人閑逛,說話的障礙,又

使他們樂意接受呵護.第三段波及保持平易近族模式化一一老一套

的設法主意，因此一開端旅游，你見到的平易近族特性就只是證明

了你自身假想的主線領實一一所有人平易近都是人類.只有交同伙

才能懂得平易近族模式是何等荒誕.有害,可是觀光社竭力嚴禁，你

又怎么能交上外國同伙呢？這一切解釋A項對.

B.旅游很累.C.導游不雅光很單調乏味.D.旅游確切對國度有

進獻.

2.C批駁.

3.B吵吵鬧鬧的.

4.B旅游的措施應轉變.整篇文章（除第一段外）都圍繞旅游

措施不睬想來進行批駁.第二段分散在導游不雅光使旅游者難以和

當地人平易近接觸.第三段，見到的只是證明了旅游者自身事先形

成的思惟/先入之見,旅游主線達不到懂得對方的目的.第四段講了

平易近族固定模式（先入之見的模式）的恐怖效果.要使人懂得所

有的人們都是人類,彼此類似,又各具特色,就得轉變旅游的措施.

A.導游不雅光令人掉望.C.旅游時，你見到的特性證明了你的

先入之見.D.平易近族模式應當轉變.這三條都是批駁的詳細內容.

5.D人人都能享有大旅游.大觀光是專指英國巨室后輩上學

中的一門課程一到歐洲大陸不雅光.不是人人都能享有.這里用

grandtour暗示人人都能享有類似grandtour的一切，甚至超過,

如第一段指出：現代旅游者享有的舒適當措措施,到達了大觀光中

老爺.蜜斯們做夢都沒有想到的程度.海陸空高等互換聯絡通信體

系,使人們有也許錢花得很快不多就能拜訪.不雅光此外國度.因此

說，曾是有錢人專享的大觀光，通俗人也能領會."grandtour”有

引號，標明作為比方.A.費用不高.文內是費用適合.中等.合適.B.

當地不雅光受組織審查.C.人們愛好一流舒適舉措措施.

Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almost

everytypeofphysicallandfeature,sortofarcticice

fieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinits

borders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlievery

closetooneanother.

PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisit

thePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSan

JoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehigh

SierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.In

otherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthe

morningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,

withouthavingtotravellongdistance.

ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.Thehighestpointin

theUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,

andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).Mount

Whitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfrom

DeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceof

only100miles.Thetwoareashaveadifferencein

altitudeofalmostthreemiles.

Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLake

Tahoe,thedeepestinthecountry,butitalsohas

shallow,saltydesertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020

feetabovesealevel,andthelowestlakeinthecountry,

theSaltonSea,236feetbelowsealevel.Someofits

lakes,likeOwensLakeinDeathValley,arenotlakesat

all：theyaredrieduplakebeds.

Inadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,deserts,

andplateaus,Californiaha