LiuzhouRailwayVocationalTechnicalCollege明德礪志求知篤行創傷救護技術Passengertrainpick-upoperation雙語客運值班員BILINGUALPASSENGERATTENDANT教學團隊TeachingteamYinTian尹天雷蓮桂Leiliangui李秀聰Lixiucong周雯Zhouwen目錄contents1列車常見創傷（燒燙傷現場應急救護）Commontraintrauma(burnsiteemergencycare)2列車常見創傷（外出血應急救護）Commontraintrauma(externalbleedingemergencycare)1燒燙傷現場應急救護Burnsceneemergencycare創傷救護技術1.迅速脫離致傷源：無論何種原因引起的燒燙傷，現場急救的首要任務就是要立即脫離致傷源，最大限度地阻斷致傷源對組織機體的進一步損害。1.Quicklygetridoftheinjurysource:Nomatterwhatthecauseoftheburn,theprimarytaskofon-sitefirstaidistoimmediatelygetridoftheinjurysourceandblockthefurtherdamageoftheinjurysourcetothetissueandbodytothegreatestextent.一旦發生燒燙傷，要及時實施正確的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime創傷救護技術2.盡早冷療：冷療即第一時間用自來水（15℃?25℃）持續沖洗或浸泡燒燙傷處降溫直至疼痛緩解。對于中小面積淺度燒燙傷冷療可以減輕熱力對創面的進一步損傷，迅速緩解疼痛，且簡單易行，是燒燙傷現場急救非常重要和有效的措施。Earlycoldtherapy:Coldtherapyisthefirsttimewithtapwater(15°C~25°C)continuouslyrinseorsoakburnstocooldownuntilthepainisrelieved.Forsmallandmedium-sizedareasoflightburnburncoldtherapycanreducethefurtherdamageofheattothewound,quicklyrelievepain,andissimpleandeasy,isaveryimportantandeffectivemeasureforburnon-sitefirstaid.一旦發生燒燙傷，要及時實施正確的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime創傷救護技術3.保護創面：I度燒燙傷且創面較小時可涂抹燙傷膏，II度燒燙傷或大的創面，表皮水皰不要刺破，不要在創面上涂任何油脂或藥膏，應用清潔、濕潤的敷料（如紗布、毛巾、床單等）或保鮮膜覆蓋，并進行簡單的包扎，以保護創面，防止感染，迅速送醫院治療。Protectthewound:WhenthewoundisburnedwithIdegreeandthewoundissmall,scaldcreamcanbeapplied,theseconddegreeburnorlargewound,theepidermalblistersshouldnotpuncture,donotapplyanygreaseorointmentonthewoundsurface,applyaclean,moistdressing(suchasgauze,towel,sheet,etc.)orplasticwrapcover,andcarryoutasimplebandagetoprotectthewound,preventinfection,andquicklysendittothehospitalfortreatment.一旦發生燒燙傷，要及時實施正確的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime創傷救護技術4.當遇到各種化學燒傷時，如強酸、強堿，則應先用紙巾主動蘸吸，然后立即用大量流動的清水沖洗。Whenencounteringvariouschemicalburns,suchasstrongacidandstrongalkali,youshouldfirstuseapapertoweltoactivelydipandsuck,andthenimmediatelyrinsewithalargeamountofflowingwater.一旦發生燒燙傷，要及時實施正確的自救和互救Onceaburnoccurs,itisnecessarytoimplementthecorrectself-helpandmutualrescueintime創傷救護技術少量強酸、強堿燒傷,沖洗時間應在15分鐘以上。Asmallamountofstrongacid,strongalkaliburns,theflushingtimeshouldbemorethan15minutes.

大量強酸強堿燒傷，沖洗時間應在20分鐘以上，沖洗時將污染的衣物脫去。Alargenumberofstrongacidandalkaliburns,therinsingtimeshouldbemorethan20minutes,andthecontaminatedclothesshouldberemovedwhenrinsing.創傷救護技術若為粉末狀強酸強堿，先清除掉再用流動水沖洗。絕不可等到醫院再處理，以免使組織受到嚴重的腐蝕燒傷。Ifitisapowderedstrongacidandalkali,itisremovedfirstandthenrinsedwithrunningwater.Neverwaituntilthehospitaltodealwithit,soasnottocauseseriouscorrosionandburnstothetissue創傷救護技術2.盡早冷療：冷療即第一時間用自來水（15℃?25℃）持續沖洗或浸泡燒燙傷處降溫直至疼痛緩解。Earlycoldtherapy:Coldtherapyisthefirsttimewithtapwater(15°C~25°C)continuouslyrinseorsoakburnstocooldownuntilthepainisrelieved.2外出血應急救護Emergencycareforexternalbleeding外出血應急救護注意事項

救護員在為傷員止血時要采取防止感染的措施，如處理傷口前應洗手，盡可能戴醫用手套或不透水的塑料手套，戴口罩，必要時戴防護眼鏡或防護罩;處理傷口時要保護傷口，防止自身感染和感染擴散；處理傷口后要用肥皂、流動水徹底洗手；如自己的皮膚被劃傷，應盡快就醫，采取必要的免疫措施。Ambulancepersonnelshouldtakemeasurestopreventinfectionwhenstoppingbleedingforthewounded,suchaswashingtheirhandsbeforetreatingthewound,wearingmedicalglovesorimpermeableplasticglovesasmuchaspossible,wearingmasks,andifnecessarywearingprotectiveglassesorprotectivecovers;Whentreatingwounds,itisnecessarytoprotectthewoundsfromself-infectionandthespreadofinfection;washyourhandsthoroughlywithsoapandrunningwateraftertreatingthewounds;ifyourskinisscratched,youshouldseekmedicalattentionassoonaspossibleandtakenecessaryimmunemeasures.外出血應急救護（一）止血材料常用的材料有無菌敷料、繃帶、三角巾、創可貼、止血帶，也可用毛巾、手絹、布料、衣物等代替。Commonlyusedmaterialsaresteriledressings,bandages,trianglescarves,Band-Aids,tourniquets,andcanalsobereplacedbytowels,handkerchiefs,fabrics,clothing,etc.外出血應急救護（二）少量出血的處理傷員傷口出血不多時，可做如下處理:1.救護員先洗凈雙手(最好戴上防護手套)，然后用清水、肥皂把傷員傷口周圍洗干凈，用干凈柔軟的紗布或毛巾將傷口周圍擦干。Whenthewoundedpersondoesnotbleedmuch,thefollowingtreatmentcanbedone:1.Theambulanceworkerfirstwasheshishands(itisbesttowearprotectivegloves),thenwashesthewoundaroundthewoundwithwaterandsoap,andusescleanandsoftgauzeortoweltodrythewoundaroundthewound.外出血應急救護（二）少量出血的處理2.表面傷口和擦傷應該用干凈的水沖洗，最好是用自來水，因為水壓有利于沖洗。Surfacewoundsandabrasionsshouldberinsedwithcleanwater,preferablywithtapwater,aswaterpressurefacilitatesflushing.3.用創可貼或干凈的紗布、手絹包扎傷口。注意:不要用藥棉或有絨毛的布直接覆蓋在傷口上。BandagethewoundwithaBand-Aidorcleangauzeorhandkerchief.Note:Donotcoverthewounddirectlywithcottonorafluffycloth.外出血應急救護（二）嚴重出血的止血方法控制嚴重的出血，要分秒必爭，立即采取止血措施，同時呼叫救護車。Tocontrolseverebleeding,youmustraceagainsttheclock,takeimmediatehemostasismeasures,andcallanambulanceatthesametime.1.直接壓迫止血法Directcompressionhemostasis該方法是最直接、快速、有效、安全的止血方法，可用于大部分外出血的止血。Thismethodisthemostdirect,fast,effectiveandsafehemostasismethod,whichcanbeusedformostoftheexternalbleedinghemostasis.(1)救護員快速檢查傷員傷口內有無異物，如有表淺小異物可將其取出。(1)Theambulancestaffquicklycheckswhetherthereisaforeignbodyinthewoundoftheinjuredperson,andifthereisasuperficialsmallforeignbody,itcanberemoved.外出血應急救護（二）嚴重出血的止血方法(2)將干凈的紗布塊或手帕(或其他干凈布料)作為敷料覆蓋到傷口上，用手直接壓迫止血。注意，必須是持續用力壓迫。Coverthewoundwithacleangauzepatchorhandkerchief(orothercleancloth)asadressingandpressdirectlywithyourhandstostopthebleeding.Notethatitmustbepressedwithcontinuousforce.(3)如果敷料被血液濕透，不要更換，再取敷料在原有敷料上覆蓋，繼續壓迫止血，等待救護車到來。Ifthedressingissoakedwithblood,donotreplaceit,thentakethedressingandcoveritontheoriginaldressing,continuetocompressandstopthebleeding,andwaitfortheambulancetoarrive.(1)救護員首先直接壓迫止血，壓迫傷口的敷料應超過傷口周邊至少3