2024學年第二學期奉賢區高三英語練習卷考生注意：1.考試時間105分鐘，試卷滿分115分。2.本次考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂(選擇題)或寫(非選擇題)在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.務必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置。I.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankMiddleEast’sDarkSkyHubsSaraSamivividlyrecallsthefirsttimeshetrulysawthestars.The38-year-oldphotographerandtravelguide____1____(search)foraspotinSaudiArabia—amassivecliffoverlookingavastdesert—whensheunexpectedlyfoundherselfunderanamazingnightsky.“Therewasablanketofstarsrightaboveme,“Samireminisces.”I____2____seethousandsofthemstretchingendlessly.Itwasabreathtakingsight.”Eversincethatnight,SaudiArabiahasbecomehertopstargazingdestination.SamihastravelednumeroustimesfromherhomeinBahrain,asmallislandnation____3____(connect)toSaudiArabiabya15-milecauseway.Sheseeksoutplaceswithundisturbeddarkness,farfromtownsandcities,____4____shecanseetheMilkyWay.Itwasliterallyinthemiddleofadesert:therewasanabandonedvillagewithbrokenhouses.____5____theatmospherewasfrighteningandfilledwithanunsettlingstillness,theskywasstunninglybeautiful.InNovemberlastyear,anothernaturereserve,neartheancientoasiscityofAlUla,____6____(name)thefirst-everDarkSkyParkintheMiddleEast.SaudiArabiajoined21othercountriesonitslistofcertifiedDarkSkyPlaces,withtheUSandNewZealand____7____(top)thelist.“Partofthe2,334squarekilometerreserve’scommitmenttothepreservationofthenightskyinvolvescarefullightingdesign,suchasensuring____8____,ifpossible,lightsareequippedwithshadestominimizelightpollution.Specifically,theseshadesaredesignedtodirectthelightdown____9____up.”ThelocalobservatoryiscurrentlydevelopinganoutdoorlightingguidefornewandexistingdevelopmentswithinAlUlaCounty.ThisguidewillenableresidentsandvisitorstoseethenightskyaboveAlUlainallitsnaturalbeautyforyears_____10_____(come).Thisongoingeffortreflectsabroadercommitmenttopreservingthenightskyforfuturegenerations.【答案】1.wassearching2.could3.connected4.where5.Although##While##Though6.wasnamed7.topping8.that9.ratherthan10.tocome【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了攝影師薩拉·薩米在沙特阿拉伯觀星的經歷，以及沙特阿拉伯致力于保護夜空?！?題詳解】考查時態。句意：這位38歲的攝影師兼旅游導游正在沙特阿拉伯尋找一個地方——一個俯瞰廣闊沙漠的巨大懸崖——這時她意外地發現自己在一個驚人的夜空下。此處為句型sb.bedoingsth.when…表示“正在做某事，這時……”，發生在過去的某個時刻用過去進行時，主語為The38-year-oldphotographerandtravelguide，謂語用單數。故填wassearching?！?題詳解】考查情態動詞。句意：我可以看到成千上萬的山巒綿延不絕。后跟動詞原形，表示“可以，能夠”用can，發生在過去用could。故填could?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：薩米已經很多次從她在巴林的家出發，巴林是一個小島國，通過一條15英里長的堤道與沙特阿拉伯相連。此處為獨立主格結構，且island與connect為被動關系，用過去分詞作定語。故填connected?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：她尋找遠離城鎮、黑暗不受干擾的地方，在那里她可以看到銀河。此處非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞places，在從句作地點狀語，故填where。【5題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：雖然氣氛令人恐懼，充滿了令人不安的寂靜，但天空卻美得驚人。引導讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然”用although、while或though，首字母大寫。故填Although/While/Though?！?題詳解】考查時態語態。句意：去年11月，另一個自然保護區，靠近古老的綠洲城市AlUla，被命名為中東第一個黑暗天空公園。主語anothernaturereserve與謂語name構成被動關系，根據上文InNovemberlastyear可知為一般過去時的被動語態，謂語用單數。故填wasnamed。【7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：沙特阿拉伯和其他21個國家一起獲得了“黑暗天空之地”的認證，美國和新西蘭位居榜首。此處為with的復合結構，且USandNewZealand與top構成主動關系，用現在分詞作賓補。故填topping。【8題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：2334平方公里的自然保護區致力于保護夜空，其中包括精心的照明設計，如盡可能確保燈光配備遮光罩，以盡量減少光污染。引導賓語從句，從句不缺少成分或句意，故用that。故填that?！?題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：具體來說，這些陰影的設計是為了引導光線向下而不是向上。表示“而不是”短語為ratherthan，說明光線引導的方向，即“向下而不是向上”。故填ratherthan?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：本指南將使居民和游客能夠在未來幾年里看到阿爾烏拉上空的夜空。短語foryearstocome表示“在今后的幾年里”。故填tocome。SectionB(10分)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.visuallyB.interactsC.essentialD.minuteE.compositionF.perspectiveG.accuracyH.dominatesI.expansiveJ.survivesK.occasionallyMasterpiece:OneThousandLiofRiversandMountainsWangXimeng(1096-1119)wasafamousbutshort-livedpainter.Tragically,onlyoneofhisworks_____11_____OneThousandLiofRiversandMountains,whichischerishedasarareandpreciousmasterpieceintheartworld.Thismasterpiecemeasures51.5cmhighby11.92mlong,createdinsimpleblackinkandgroundpigment(顏料)onalongsilkscroll.Despiteitsmaterialsimplicity,thepainting’s_____12_____isremarkablycomplex.Itunfoldslikeapanoramic(全景式的)storyofaSouthernChineselandscape,presentedwitha(n)_____13_____thathintsatWang’sdeeprootsintheregion.Thelandscapeisdividedintosixmountainsectionsseparatedbywater,_____14_____linkedbybridges.Houses,trees,andfiguresdotthemountains,shownfromvariousviewpoints.Thisshifting_____15_____enablesviewers,astheyunrollthescrollfromrighttoleft,toexperienceacontinuous,immersivenarrativeofdailyactivities.Itcreatesadynamicvisualflow,muchlikewatchingscenerypassbythroughatrainwindow.Thepainting’sperfectionisenhancedbyits_____16_____strikingblue-greenlandscape,orqinglüshanshui,atechniquethatflourishedduringtheNorthenSongDynasty.Brilliantblue_____17_____themountains’peaks,boldgreencoversthemountains’valleys,andpalebrownimpliesthemountains’bases.Thisradiantarrangementemphasizescoloroverline,skillfullyusinglight,shade,andtexturetocreatedepthandatmosphere.Thispainting_____18_____withtheviewerinawayrarelyfoundinWesternpaintings.Duetoitsvastscalebut_____19_____details,itrequiresmultipleviewingsatdifferentdistances.Thefirstviewingisatafardistancetoobserveitssweepinggrandeur.Thesecondviewingisataclosedistancetoobserveitsrefinedfeatures.Thethirdviewingisatamid-distancetoobserveitsoverallimpact.Thislayeredviewingexperiencedeepenstheengagementwiththeartwork,makingthepaintingsfeelcompletelyalive.Itoffersaprofoundandsubtleexplorationofthevisibleworldthroughits______20______—size,richcolors,andexpressivedetails,emittingqiorenergythatenlivenstheviewer.Ultimately,thismasterpieceinvitesviewerstoimmersethemselvesinitsbeauty,discoveringnewhorizonswitheachencounter.【答案】11.J12.E13.G14.K15.F16.A17.H18.B19.D20.I【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了王希孟的《千里江山圖》以及畫作鑒賞。【11題詳解】考查動詞。句意：可悲的是，他的作品只有一幅幸存下來——《千里江山圖》，這是藝術界罕見而珍貴的杰作。根據“OneThousandLiofRiversandMountains,whichischerishedasarareandpreciousmasterpieceintheartworld”以及句意“幸存”可知，應填動詞survive，陳述目前事實，應用一般現在時，主語是單數，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數形式。故選J?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：盡管材料簡單，這幅畫的構圖卻異常復雜。根據“ItunfoldslikeapanoramicstoryofaSouthernChineselandscape”以及句意“構圖”可知，應填名詞composition，作主語。故選E?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：它就像一個中國南方風景的全景故事，以一種準確的方式呈現，暗示了王在該地區的深厚根基。根據“thathintsatWang’sdeeprootsintheregion”以及句意“準確”可知，應填名詞accuracy，作賓語，不可數。故選G?！?4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這片景觀被分成六個由水隔開的山區，偶爾由橋梁連接起來。根據“Thelandscapeisdividedintosixmountainsectionsseparatedbywater”以及后文“linkedbybridges”和句意表示“偶爾”可知，應填副詞occasionally，修飾動詞linked。故選K。【15題詳解】考查名詞。句意：當觀眾從右向左展開卷軸時，這種變換的視角使他們能夠體驗到連續的、身臨其境的日?；顒訑⑹?。根據“Houses,trees,andfiguresdotthemountains,shownfromvariousviewpoints.(房屋、樹木和人物點綴在山上，從不同的角度展示)”以及句意“視角”可知，應填名詞perspective，作主語。故選F?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這幅畫的完美之處在于其視覺上引人注目的藍綠色景觀，或青綠山水，這是北宋時期蓬勃發展的一種技術。根據“strikingblue-greenlandscape”以及句意“視覺上”可知，應填副詞visually，修飾形容詞striking。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞。句意：明亮的藍色支配著山峰，大膽的綠色覆蓋著山谷，淺棕色暗示著山脈的底部。根據“themountains’peaks,boldgreencoversthemountains’valleys”以及句意“支配”可知應填動詞dominate，作謂語，陳述事實用一般現在時，主語為Brilliantblue，謂語用三單形式。故選H?！?8題詳解】考查動詞。句意：這幅畫以一種在西方繪畫中很少發現的方式與觀眾互動。根據“withtheviewerinawayrarelyfoundinWesternpaintings”以及句意“互動”可知，應填動詞interact，作謂語，陳述目前事實，應用一般現在時，主語為Thispainting，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數形式。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：由于其龐大的規模和微小的細節，它需要在不同的距離進行多次觀看。根據“Thefirstviewingisatafardistancetoobserveitssweepinggrandeur.Thesecondviewingisataclosedistancetoobserveitsrefinedfeatures.Thethirdviewingisatamid-distancetoobserveitsoverallimpact.(第一次觀看是在很遠的地方觀察它的壯觀。第二次觀察是在近距離觀察其精致的特征。第三次觀察是在中距離觀察其整體影響)”以及句意“微小的”可知，應填形容詞minute，修飾details。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：通過其廣闊的尺寸、豐富的色彩和富有表現力的細節，它提供了對可見世界的深刻而微妙的探索，散發出氣或能量，使觀眾活躍起來。根據上文“Thismasterpiecemeasures51.5cmhighby11.92mlong,createdinsimpleblackinkandgroundpigment(顏料)onalongsilkscroll.(這幅杰作高51.5厘米，長11.92米，用簡單的黑色墨水和底色繪制在長長的絲綢卷軸上)”以及句意“廣闊的”可知，應填形容詞expansive，修飾名詞size。故選I。II.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theoceantwilightzonealsoknownasthemidwater,isagloballayerofwaterstretchingfrom200to1,000metersbelowtheoceansurface.Thisdimlylitregion,justbeyondthereachofsunlight,iscoldandunderhighpressure,yetit_____21_____ahostofmarinespecies.Recentstudiessuggestthatitsfishbiomassmaybetentimesgreaterthanpreviouslyestimated,makingitoneofthemost_____22_____ecosystemsonEarth.Thetwilightzoneishometoawidevarietyoforganisms.Manyofthesecreaturesexhibitunique_____23_____tosurviveinthisdark,high-pressureenvironment.Onefascinatingexampleiscounter-illumination(反照明),wheresmallfishgeneratelightfromtheirundersidestomatchthesurfacelightabove,makingthemnearly_____24_____tobigfishbelow.Oneofthemostremarkablephenomenainthetwilightzoneisthedailyvertical(垂直的；縱向的)_____25_____ofitsinhabitants.Everynight,countlessfish,squid,andplanktonswimtothesurfacetofeedunderthecoverofdarkness.Atdawn,theyreturntothe_____26_____,saferwaters.Thisdailymigrationisthelargestregularanimalmovementontheplanet,occurringevery24hoursacrosstheworld’soceans.Thetwilightzoneprovidesfoodforlargerpredatorslikewhalesandsharks,whicharevaluablefor_____27_____reasons.Additionally,thetwilightzoneactsasacriticalpartoftheocean’s"biologicalpump".Ithelpstransfercarbondioxidefromsurfacewaterstothedeepocean,preventingitfrom_____28_____totheatmosphereasagreenhousegas.Thisprocessisvitalforreducingclimatechange.Despiteitsecologicalimportance,thetwilightzoneremainslargelyunexplored._____29_____,commercialfishinginterestsarealreadytargetingthisregion.CountrieslikeNorwayandJapanhavebegun______30______harvestingoftwilight-zoneorganisms,drivenbythegrowingdemandforfishmealandotherproducts.Toensuresustainableuseand______31______ofthetwilightzone,weneedtoanswerkeyquestionsaboutitsbiodiversity,lifecycles,foodwebs,androleintheglobalcarboncycle.However,studyingthisregionis______32______duetoitsvastness,rapidchanges,andthedifficultyincapturingandobservingitsdelicateorganisms.In2018,theWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitutionlaunchedamissiontoexploreatwilightzone.supportedby$35millionfromtheAudaciousProject.Thisinitiativecombines______33______technologies—suchasadvancedacoustics,high-resolutioncameras,andgenetictechniques—withtraditionalmethodstostudythiscomplexecosystem.Byadvancingourunderstandingofthetwilightzone,wecandeveloppoliciestoprotectitsbiodiversityandensurethe______34______useofitsresources.Theoceantwilightzoneremainsa______35______worldofincrediblebiodiversityandecologicalimportance.Aswefacegrowingglobalchallenges,understandingandpreservingthismysteriousregionismorecriticalthanever.21.A.housed B.excluded C.limited D.obtained22.A.efficient B.intensive C.diverse D.internal23.A.adaptations B.preferences C.insights D.rhythms24.A.flexible B.incredible C.perceptible D.invisible25.A.escape B.journey C.settlement D.exploration26.A.deeper B.shallower C.warmer D.clearer27.A.economic B.ecological C.evolutionary D.biological28.A.bouncing B.reflecting C.dumping D.returning29.A.However B.Therefore C.Additionally D.Consequently30.A.agricultural B.residential C.industrial D.recreational31.A.consumption B.conservation C.exploitation D.intervention32.A.challenging B.rewarding C.fascinating D.engaging33.A.life-changing B.cutting-edge C.cost-effective D.gene-altered34.A.considerable B.comprehensive C.innovative D.responsible35.A.remarkable B.complex C.hidden D.harsh【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.D25.B26.A27.B28.D29.A30.C31.B32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了海洋“暮光地帶”（中水層）位于海面下200至1000米，雖環境惡劣卻物種豐富、生態多樣。其生物有獨特生存適應方式，且每日垂直遷移，是最大規模定期動物遷徙。“暮光地帶”為大型捕食者供食，是“生物泵”關鍵部分，可減緩氣候變化。人們需加深了解，制定政策保護生物多樣性、合理利用資源，在全球挑戰下，保護“暮光地帶”意義重大?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這片光線暗淡的區域，陽光照射不到，溫度低，壓力大，但卻居住著大量的海洋物種。A.housed讓……居??；B.excluded排除；C.limited限制；D.obtained獲得。根據下文“Recentstudiessuggestthatitsfishbiomassmaybetentimesgreaterthanpreviouslyestimated”可知，魚類生物量可能是以前估計的十倍。由此可知，此處應表示這片區域雖然環境惡劣，但“居住”著大量的海洋物種。故選A項。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，它的魚類生物量可能是以前估計的十倍，使其成為地球上最多樣化的生態系統之一。A.efficient高效的；B.intensive密集的；C.diverse多樣的；D.internal內部的。根據上文“Recentstudiessuggestthatitsfishbiomassmaybetentimesgreaterthanpreviouslyestimated”可知，該區域魚類生物量比之前估計的十倍，說明是一個物種“多樣的”生態系統。故選C項。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些生物中的許多都表現出獨特的適應能力，以便在這種黑暗、高壓的環境中生存。A.adaptations適應性變化，適應能力；B.preferences偏好；C.insights洞察力；D.rhythms節奏。根據下文“surviveinthisdark,high-pressureenvironment”可知，這些生物在黑暗、高壓環境中生存，展現出獨特的“適應性”。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一個有趣的例子是反照明，小魚從它們的底部發出光來匹配上面的表面光，讓下面的大魚幾乎看不見它們。A.flexible靈活的；B.incredible難以置信的；C.perceptible可察覺的；D.invisible看不見的。根據上文“smallfishgeneratelightfromtheirundersidestomatchthesurfacelightabove”可知，小魚通過反照明使自己與上面的光線匹配，讓下面的大魚幾乎“看不見”它們。故選D項。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在暮光地帶最引人注目的現象之一是它的居民每天的垂直旅行。A.escape逃跑；B.journey行程，旅程；C.settlement定居；D.exploration探索。根據下文“Everynight,countlessfish,squid,andplanktonswimtothesurfacetofeedunderthecoverofdarkness.”可知，twilightzone的居民每天進行垂直“移動”?！癹ourney”有“行程、旅程”的意思，這里指生物的垂直移動過程，符合語境。故選B項?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：黎明時分，它們回到更深更安全的水域。A.deeper更深的；B.shallower更淺的；C.warmer更溫暖的；D.clearer更清澈的。根據文章開頭“themidwater,isagloballayerofwaterstretchingfrom200to1,000metersbelowtheoceansurface”可知，twilightzone在水下200到1000米，所以黎明時它們回到更深的地方。故選A項。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這片暮光地帶為鯨魚和鯊魚等大型捕食者提供了食物，它們在生態方面很有價值。A.economic經濟的；B.ecological生態的；C.evolutionary進化的；D.biological生物的。根據上文“Thetwilightzoneprovidesfoodforlargerpredatorslikewhalesandsharks”可知，鯨魚和鯊魚等大型捕食者對生態系統很重要。故選B項。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它有助于將二氧化碳從地表水轉移到深海，防止其以溫室氣體的形式返回大氣。A.bouncing反彈；B.reflecting反射；C.dumping傾倒；D.returning返回。根據上文“Ithelpstransfercarbondioxidefromsurfacewaterstothedeepocean”可知，twilightzone幫助將二氧化碳從表層水轉移到深海，防止其“返回”大氣。故選D項。【29題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，商業捕魚利益已經瞄準了這一地區。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Additionally此外；D.Consequently結果。根據上文“Despiteitsecologicalimportance,thetwilightzoneremainslargelyunexplored.”以及下文內容可知，盡管twilightzone很重要，但商業捕魚已經瞄準了這個區域，前后是轉折關系。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在對魚粉和其他產品日益增長的需求的推動下，挪威和日本等國已經開始工業化捕撈瀕臨滅絕的生物。A.agricultural農業的；B.residential娛樂的；C.industrial工業的；D.recreational娛樂的。根據下文“drivenbythegrowingdemandforfishmealandotherproducts”可知，挪威和日本等國在商業利益驅動下開始“工業化”捕撈twilight-zone的生物。故選C項。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了確保暮光地帶的可持續利用和保護，我們需要回答有關其生物多樣性、生命周期、食物網以及在全球碳循環中的作用等關鍵問題。A.consumption消耗；B.conservation保護；C.exploitation探索；D.intervention干預。根據下文“weneedtoanswerkeyquestionsaboutitsbiodiversity,lifecycles,foodwebs,androleintheglobalcarboncycle”可知，為了可持續利用和“保護”twilightzone，我們需要了解它的相關信息。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，由于該地區幅員遼闊，變化迅速，難以捕捉和觀察其脆弱的生物，因此對該地區的研究具有挑戰性。A.challenging有挑戰性的；B.rewarding有回報的；C.fascinating迷人的；D.engaging吸引人的。根據下文“duetoitsvastness,rapidchanges,andthedifficultyincapturingandobservingitsdelicateorganisms”可知，該地區幅員遼闊，變化迅速，難以捕捉和觀察其脆弱的生物。由此可知，對該地區的研究具有挑戰性。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：這項計劃將先進的聲學、高分辨率相機和基因技術等尖端技術與傳統方法結合起來，研究這個復雜的生態系統。A.life-changing改變生活的；B.cutting-edge尖端的；C.cost-effective劃算的；D.gene-altered基因改變的。根據下文“suchasadvancedacoustics,high-resolutioncameras,andgenetictechniques”可知，該研究項目結合了“尖端的”技術，如先進的聲學、高分辨率相機和基因技術。故選B項。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過加深我們對暮光地帶的了解，我們可以制定政策來保護其生物多樣性，并確保負責任地使用其資源。A.considerable相當大的；B.comprehensive全面的；C.innovative創新的；D.responsible負責任的。根據上文“wecandeveloppoliciestoprotectitsbiodiversity”可知，通過了解暮光地帶，我們可以制定政策保護其生物多樣性，確?！柏撠熑蔚亍崩闷滟Y源。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：海洋暮光地帶仍然是一個隱藏的世界，有著令人難以置信的生物多樣性和生態重要性。A.remarkable顯著的；B.complex復雜的；C.hidden隱藏的；D.harsh嚴酷的。根據句意以及下文“incrediblebiodiversityandecologicalimportance”可知，海洋暮光地帶是一個“隱藏的”世界，有著令人難以置信的生物多樣性和生態重要性。故選C項。SectionB(22分)Dircctions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustreadAGeorgeBarrisisnotjustanordinarycardesigner;heisavisionarywhotransformsvehiclesintocustom-craftedmasterpiecestailoredtohisclients’wildestimaginations.Sincetheearly1940s,hispioneeringcreationshavedominatedbothbigscreensandtheprivatecollectionsofHollywood’scelebrities.Attheageof7,GeorgeBarrisandhisbrotherreceiveda1925Buickfromtheirparents.Theymadechangestoit,repainteditandthensoldit.ThisexperiencesparkedBarris’lifelongpassionfortransformingautomobiles.Later,Georgestartedturningregularcarsintofastracingcars.Hollywoodsoonrecognizedhistalent,contractinghimin1958todesignhisfirstcustomvehicleforthefilmHighSchoolConfidential.ManyHollywoodstarsflockedtoBarris,demandingone-of-a-kindvehicles.ThelistofclientsincludesJohnWayne,ElvisPresley,theBeatles,FrankSinatraandmanyothers.CustomizingcarsbecamepopularafterWorldWarII,becausepeoplesoughtsomethingpersonaltoexpresstheirindividuality.Carclubsemerged,andtheappetitefornewvehiclesgrew,especiallyamongthewealthy.Thebigautomobilecompaniesdidnotventureintothismarket,leavingthefieldopentoindependentoperatorssuchasGeorgeBarrisandothers.However,nobodycouldmatchBarris’sskillinthisfield.Inthe1960s,BarriscreatedtheblackandredBatmobile,themostdistinctivecaroftheTVseriesbasedonthecomicbook.ForthehittelevisionshowTheMunsters,hetookthreeModelTFordsandskillfullycutandcombinedthemtocraftthefamily’suniquemodeoftransportation,theKoach.Thisvehiclefeaturedaninteriorthatwasspeciallydesignedtolooklikeacoffin(棺材),perfectlycapturingthegothicaesthetic(美學)oftheshow.TheKoachquicklybecamecloselyassociatedwithTheMunsters,justastheBatmobilewaswithitsownseries.GeorgeBarrishasbeendesigningcarsforoversixdecades.Heisalegendinthecardesignbusiness,oftenreferredtoasthe“VanGogh”oftheautomobileindustry.At80,hissonanddaughterhavetakenovertheday-to-dayoperationsofthebusiness,buthestillactivelydesignscarsinhisstudio.36.WhatfirstledGeorgeBarrisandhisbrothertostartworkingoncars?A.TheambitiontodesigncarsforHollywood.BThefascinationwithcelebritycarcollections.C.Thepassionforturningregularcarsintoracecars.D.Theinspirationfromgettingacarasachildhoodgift.37.WhatwastheprimaryreasonfortheriseofcarcustomizationafterWorldWarII?A.TheriseofcarclubsdemandingexclusivedesignsB.TheinnovationsinautomotiveproductiontechnologyC.People’sgrowingappetitefordistinctiveself-expressionD.Post-wareconomicrecoveryboostingconsumerspending38.Theunderlinedphrase“VanGogh”isusedtoindicatethatGeorgeBarriswas________A.apioneerofabstractdesigns B.amasterofartisticinnovationsC.acreatorofpopculturesymbols D.apromoterofmainstreammodels39.Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A.CustomCarClubs:Post-WarBoominPopularityB.Hollywood’sGreatCarDesigner:GeorgeBarrisC.GeorgeBarris:ALegendinCustomCarInnovationD.ClassicCarDesigns:Batmobile&KoachHighlights【答案】36.D37.C38.B39.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了汽車改造大師喬治·巴里斯的個人經歷以及他在汽車改造行業所取得的成就?！?6題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段“Attheageof7,GeorgeBarrisandhisbrotherreceiveda1925Buickfromtheirparents.Theymadechangestoit,repainteditandthensoldit.ThisexperiencesparkedBarris’lifelongpassionfortransformingautomobiles.(7歲時，喬治·巴里斯和他的兄弟從父母那里得到了一輛1925年產的別克車。他們對它做了改動，重新粉刷，然后賣掉了。這次經歷激發了巴里斯對改造汽車的畢生熱情)”可知，作為童年禮物得到一輛汽車的靈感讓喬治·巴里斯和他的兄弟開始研究汽車。故選D?！?7題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段“CustomizingcarsbecamepopularafterWorldWarII,becausepeoplesoughtsomethingpersonaltoexpresstheirindividuality.Carclubsemerged,andtheappetitefornewvehiclesgrew,especiallyamongthewealthy.(第二次世界大戰后，定制汽車開始流行起來，因為人們尋求一些個性化的東西來表達他們的個性。汽車俱樂部出現了，對新車的需求也在增長，尤其是在富人中)”可知，第二次世界大戰后汽車定制興起的主要原因是人們對與眾不同的自我表達的胃口越來越大。故選C。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段“Inthe1960s,BarriscreatedtheblackandredBatmobile,themostdistinctivecaroftheTVseriesbasedonthecomicbook.ForthehittelevisionshowTheMunsters,hetookthreeModelTFordsandskillfullycutandcombinedthemtocraftthefamily’suniquemodeoftransportation,theKoach.Thisvehiclefeaturedaninteriorthatwasspeciallydesignedtolooklikeacoffin(棺材),perfectlycapturingthegothicaesthetic(美學)oftheshow.(在20世紀60年代，巴里斯創造了黑色和紅色的蝙蝠車，這是根據漫畫改編的電視劇中最具特色的汽車。在熱門電視節目《明斯特一家》中，他拿了三輛T型福特，巧妙地將它們切割和組合，打造出這家人獨特的交通工具——科赫。這輛車的內飾是特別設計的，看起來像一個棺材，完美地捕捉了這個節目的哥特式美學)”以及最后一段“Heisalegendinthecardesignbusiness,oftenreferredtoasthe“VanGogh”oftheautomobileindustry.(他是汽車設計界的傳奇人物，常被稱為汽車行業的“梵高”)”可知，喬治·巴里斯一生中改造了許多汽車，有過很多汽車的創新，所以畫線的短語“梵高”是用來表示喬治·巴里斯是一位藝術創新大師。故選B。【39題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“GeorgeBarrisisnotjustanordinarycardesigner;heisavisionarywhotransformsvehiclesintocustom-craftedmasterpiecestailoredtohisclients’wildestimaginations.(喬治·巴里斯不僅僅是一位普通的汽車設計師；他是一個有遠見的人，他把汽車改造成定制的杰作，以滿足客戶最瘋狂的想象)”結合文章主要介紹了汽車改造大師喬治·巴里斯的個人經歷以及他在汽車改造行業所取得的成就。可知，C選項“喬治·巴里斯：定制汽車創新的傳奇”最符合文章標題。故選C。BAbrain-computerinterface(BCI)isasystemthatdeterminesfunctionalintent—thedesiretochange,move,control,orinteractwithsomethinginyourenvironment—directlyfromyourbrainactivity.Inotherwords,BCIsallowyoutocontrolanapplicationoradeviceusingonlyyourmind.Whenitcomestomotorcontrol,ifwewanttointeractwithadeviceinourenvironment(e.g.alamp),wefirstdecidewhatwewanttodo(turnonthelamp),thenwecoordinate(協調)andusethemusclesinourarms,legs,hands,feet,etc.,toperformthataction(reachoutwithyourfingerandpressthelampson/offswitch)andthenfinallythedevicerespondstothataction(thelampturnson).BCIsbypassthatmiddlestepofcoordinatingandusingyourmusclestoperformthedesiredaction,insteadusingacomputertoidentifytheintendedactionandthencontrollingtheapplicationofdevicedirectly.Abrain-computerinterface(BCI)functionsthroughaseriesofinterconnectedsteps.Initially,aspecializeddevicecapturesthebrain’selectricalactivity,providingrawdatathatreflectstheuser’sintentions.Thisdataisthensenttoacomputer,whichprocessesandanalyzesthesignalstodecodetheuser’sdesiredactions.Finally,theinterpretedinformationcontrolsanexternalapplicationordevice,allowingtheusertointeractsmoothly.Thisintegrationofmeasurement,analysis,andcontrolformsthebackboneofBCItechnology.AnotherimportantstepofaBCIisfeedback:thesystemmustsomehowlettheuserknowwhatdecisionorintendedactionthecomputerwasabletointerpret.Inourpreviousexample,thelampsuccessfullyturningonindicatestotheuserthattheBCIsuccessfullyidentifiedtheactiontheuserwanted.ProvidingfeedbackhelpstheuseradapttotheBCIsystem,learninghowtheycancontrolandadjusttheirbrainactivity,justaswecanlearntocoordinateandcontrolourmusclesandbodies.40.HowdoesaBCIdifferfrommotorcontrol?A.Itskipsphysicalperformanceviamuscles.B.Itrequiresstrongermusclemovements.C.Itcoordinatesavarietyofbodyparts.DItreliesentirelyonexternalsensors.41.WhatroledoesthecomputerplayinaBCIsystem?A.Measuringbrainactivitythroughsensors.B.Providingphysicalfeedbacktotheuser.C.ProcessingbrainsignalstoidentifyintentD.Replacingtheuser’sdecision-makingprocess.42.Whichstepintheillustrationhelpsusersadaptandconfirmtheirintendedaction?A.① B.② C.③ D.④【答案】40.A41.C42.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了腦機接口（BCI）的定義，工作原理、應用和前景?！?0題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段中“BCIsbypassthatmiddlestepofcoordinatingandusingyourmusclestoperformthedesiredaction,insteadusingacomputertoidentifytheintendedactionandthencontrollingtheapplicationofdevicedirectly.(BCIs繞過了協調和使用肌肉來執行預期動作的中間步驟，而是使用計算機識別預期動作，然后直接控制設備的應用)”可知，腦機接口（BCI）繞過了協調和使用肌肉來執行期望動作的中間步驟，而運動控制需要協調和使用肌肉來完成動作，所以BCI與運動控制的不同在于它跳過了通過肌肉進行的身體表現。故選A項。【41題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Initially,aspecializeddevicecapturesthebrain’selectricalactivity,providingrawdatathatreflectstheuser’sintentions.Thisdataisthensenttoacomputer,whichprocessesandanalyzesthesignalstodecodetheuser’sdesiredactions.(起初，一個專門的設備捕捉大腦的電活動，提供反映用戶意圖的原始數據。然后，這些數據被發送到計算機，計算機對這些信號進行處理和分析，以解碼用戶想要的動作)”可知，計算機在BCI系統中的作用是處理大腦信號以識別意圖。故選C項?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段“AnotherimportantstepofaBCIisfeedback:thesystemmustsomehowlettheuserknowwhatdecisionorintendedactionthecomputerwasabletointerpret.Inourpreviousexample,thelampsuccessfullyturningonindicatestotheuserthattheBCIsuccessfullyidentifiedtheactiontheuserwanted.ProvidingfeedbackhelpstheuseradapttotheBCIsystem,learninghowtheycancontrolandadjusttheirbrainactivity,justaswecanlearntocoordinateandcontrolourmusclesandbodies.(BCI的另一個重要步驟是反饋：系統必須以某種方式讓用戶知道計算機能夠解釋的決定或預期動作。在前面的示例中，燈成功打開向用戶表明BCI成功識別了用戶想要的操作。提供反饋可以幫助用戶適應BCI系統，學習如何控制和調整大腦活動，就像我們可以學習協調和控制我們的肌肉和身體一樣)”可知，反饋這一步驟幫助用戶適應BCI系統并確認他們的預期動作，在圖示中，④表示外部設備（如燈）對用戶意圖的反應，即反饋，所以④這一步驟幫助用戶適應和確認他們的預期動作，D選項正確。①②③這三個步驟都不是反饋步驟，A、B、C錯誤。故選D項。CThetechnologicalsingularity(技術奇點)isatheoreticalscenariowheretechnologicalgrowthbecomesuncontrollableandirreversible,leadingtoprofoundandunpredictablechangestohumancivilization.Intheory,thisphenomenonisdrivenbytheemergenceofartificialintelligence(AI)thatsurpasseshumancognitive(認知的)capabilitiesandcanautonomouslyenhanceitself.Thetheorysuggeststhatsuchadvancementscouldevolveatapacesorapidthathumanswouldbeunabletoforeseeorstoptheprocess.Theimplicationsofre