專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答專題導讀真題典例新題預測返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答

說明文也是閱讀簡答題常見的體裁之一。把握說明文的語篇特征對理解文意與答題極為有利。說明文的常見寫作順序有：時間順序(指先后順序)，空間順序(從局部到整體、從上到下、從內到外)，邏輯順序(前因后果、先果后因、先主后次)以及認識順序(由此及彼、由淺入深、由具體到抽象、由現象到本質)。文章通常層次清晰，整體性強，易讀易懂。返回目錄專題導讀返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例[2021·湖南卷]“Let'stalk〞：thefreeadviceprojectAfewweeksago,ItookawalkaroundWashingtonSquarePark.Imetalltheusualpeople：streetperformers,thePigeonGuy,agroupofguitaristssinginginharmony.Butofftotheside,sittingonabenchwasawomandoingsomethingvastlydifferent—givingfreeadvice.Aweekortwolater,Isetupaninterviewwithherandwediscussedherprojectatlength.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例LisaPodell,32,startedtheFreeAdviceProjectthispastMay.Itbeganasanexperiment；shesatinWashingtonSquareParkforadaywithasignthatread“FreeAdvice〞asasimplewaytoreachouttopeople.Podellwasastonishedatthestrongresponse.Podelladmitsthatshewasdoubtfulatfirst,butnowshedescribestheprojectasmutually(相互地)beneficial.Peoplelearnfromher—butshealsolearnsfromthem.Shesaysthatthemajorityofthosewhocometoheraredealingwithsomeprettyheavyissues,andtheyexpecthernotonlytolisten,butalsoproviderealanswers.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例Havingworkedasafulltimeteacherandnowasanadolescentadvisor,Podellbelievesthattalkingthingsoutisimportantinthedecision-makingprocess.Sometimes,peoplewalkaroundallday,keepingtheirproblemsintheirownheadandthinkingabouttheminthesameway.Podellsimplytriestoprovidepeoplewithperspective.IaskedifthereisafutureplanfortheFreeAdviceProject.PodellsaidshewouldliketopromoteittoeachpublicspaceinNewYork,whichwouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例Itwastrulyinspiringtomeetsomeonewithsuchabigheart,especiallyinNewYork—whereitissometimesveryhardtofindanybodytolisten.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例1．InwhatwaywasPodelldifferentfromotherpeopleinthepark?(Nomorethan6words)______________________________________________2．WhatdopeopleinneedexpectPodelltodo?(Nomorethan10words)______________________________________________3．AccordingtoPodell,whatshouldpeopledowhenmakingdecisions?(Nomorethan6words)______________________________________________4．HowwouldPodellpromoteherprojectinNewYork?(Nomorethan15words)______________________________________________返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例[要點綜述]現代人大多非常繁忙，步行速度快，很難停下腳步來與人交流。但是LisaPodell卻創立了一種“免費建議工程〞來傾聽別人的心聲，給別人提出合理化的建議。1.Shewasgivingfreeadvice.信息查詢題。考查細節的直接理解和轉換。根據第一段最后一句破折號后的內容givingfreeadvice轉換，并添加主語和系動詞。2.Theyexpecthertolistenandproviderealanswers.信息查詢題。考查細節的直接理解和轉換。根據第四段的最后一句“…theyexpecthernotonlytolisten,butalsoproviderealanswers.〞將notonly…butalso轉換成…and…即可。返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答真題典例3.Theyshouldtalkthingsout.信息查詢題。考查細節的直接理解和轉換。根據第五段的“…Podellbelievesthattalkingthingsoutisimportantinthedecision-makingprocess.〞直接轉換即可。4.Shewouldpromoteittoeachpublicspacewiththehelpofvolunteers.信息整合題?？疾樾畔⒌恼虾捅磉_。根據倒數第二段的“…shewouldliketopromoteittoeachpublicspaceinNewYork,whichwouldbecarriedoutbyvariousvolunteersacrossthecity.〞可直接將定語從句轉換成介詞短語withthehelpofvolunteers。返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測(一)Companionplantingistheideathatsomekindsofplantscanhelpeachothergrow.Plantsthatarecompatible(能共存的)togethergenerallyhavesimilarneedsintermsofnutrients,soilandmoisturelevels.Adviceaboutwhichplantsarecompatibleissometimesbasedmoreontraditionthanproof.Butexpertssaythereisevidencetosupportcertaincombinations.Thesecanimproveharvests,reducediseaseandhelpwithpestcontrolbyattractinghelpfulinsects.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測Forexample,somekindsofbacteriatakenitrogen(氮)fromtheairandmakeitintoaformthatplantscanuse.Theplantsholdthenitrogenintheirroots.Legumesareespeciallygoodatthisnitrogen-fixing.Thenanycropsthatsharethesamespacewiththelegumescangetthenitrogeneasily.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測Beansandpotatoescanalsoshareterritorywellbecausetheirrootsreachdifferentlevelsinthesoil.Deep-rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdowninthesoil,sotheydonotcompetewithplantswithshallowerroots.However,someplantsplacedtogethermayharmeachother'sdevelopment.Forexample,tomatoesdon'tlikewetsoilbutwatercress(西洋菜)does,soyouwouldprobablywanttokeepthemseparated.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測Somekindsofproduceshouldbekeptapartevenafterbeingharvested.Thisisbecauseofethylene(乙烯)gas.Ethyleneisaplanthormonethatcancausesomefoodstoripentooquickly.Applesreleaseethylenegas.Apricots,melonsandtomatoesalsoreleasealotofethylene.Somevegetablesareeasilyaffectedbyethylene,includingasparagus(蘆筍),broccoli,cabbageandcucumbers.Thisriskofripeningtoosooniswhymarketsoftenseparatehighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.Butifyouputanappleinabagwithagreenbanana,theethylenefromtheapplewillmakethebananareadytoeatsooner.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測1．Forwhatreasonscansomeplantsbecompatibletogether？(Nomorethan14words)_______________________________________________2．Whycanthecropsplantedwithlegumestogethergetthenitrogeneasily?(Nomorethan12words)_______________________________________________3．Whydon'tdeep-rootedvegetablescompetewithplantswithshallowerroots?(Nomorethan15words)_______________________________________________4．Howtoreducetheriskofripeningtoosooninmarkets?(Nomorethan14words)_______________________________________________返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測[解析]1.Theygenerallyhavesimilarneedsintermsofnutrients,soilandmoisturelevels.根據第一段“Plantsthatarecompatible(能共存的)togethergenerallyhavesimilarneedsintermsofnutrients,soilandmoisturelevels.〞可判斷作答。2.Becauselegumesareespeciallygoodatthisnitrogen-fixing.根據第三段“Legumesareespeciallygoodatthisnitrogen-fixing.Thenanycropsthatsharethesamespacewiththelegumescangetthenitrogeneasily.〞可判斷作答。返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測3.Becausedeep-rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdowninthesoil.根據第四段“Deep-rootedvegetablesgetnutrientsandmoisturefromlowerdowninthesoil,sotheydonotcompetewithplantswithshallowerroots.〞可判斷作答。4.Byseparatinghighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.根據第五段“Thisriskofripeningtoosooniswhymarketsoftenseparatehighethylene-producingfoodsfromthosethataresensitivetothegas.〞可判斷作答。返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測(二)Theysaymoneydoesn'tgrowontrees.Butthestrangephenomenonofoldtreeswithcoinsembedded(嵌入)allovertheirbarkhasbeenspottedontrailsfromthePeakDistricttotheScottishHighlandsintheUK.Thecoinsareusuallyknockedintotreetrunksusingstonesbypassers-by,whohopeitwillbringthemgoodfortune.Thetraditionofmakingofferingstodeities(神明)atwishingtreesdatesbacktohundredsofyears,butthiscombinationoftheman-madeandthenaturalisfarmorerare.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測Itusedtobebelievedthatdivinespirits(神靈)livedintrees,andtheywereoftendecoratedwithsweetsandgifts—asisstilldonetodayatChristmas.ThereareseventreetrunkswithcoinspushedintotheminthebeautifulvillageofPortmeirion,inWales.MeurigJones,amanageratthetouristdestination,toldtheBBC,“Wehadnoideawhyitwasbeingdonewhenwefirstnoticedthetreetrunkwasbeingfilledwithcoins.Ididsomedetectiveworkanddiscoveredthattreesweresometimesusedas‘wishingtrees’.InBritainitdatesbacktothe1700s—thereisonetreeinScotlandsomewherewhichapparentlyhasaflorin(弗羅林幣)stuckintoit.〞返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測Hesaidthatasickpersoncouldpressacoinintoatreeandhis/herillnesswouldgoaway.“Ifsomeonethentakesthecoinoutthough,it'ssaidthattheythenbecomeill.Wehaven'tpublicizeditatall;it'sjusthappened，〞headded.“It'squiteamazingreally.〞InScotland,thereisalsoalegendaboutakissingtree.Ifayoungmancoulddriveanailintoatreewithoneblow,heearnedakissfromhissweetheart.返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測1．Whydopassers-bywanttoknockcoinsintotreetrunks？(Nomorethan9words)_______________________________________________2．Whydidpeopledecoratetreeswithsweetsandgiftsinancienttimes?(Nomorethan9words)_______________________________________________3．Whatwouldhappentoamanifhetookthecoinoutfromthetreetrunk?(Nomorethan5words)_______________________________________________4．AccordingtoalegendofScotland,whatwouldayoungmandoinordertogetkissedbyhissweetheart?(Nomorethan14words)_______________________________________________返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測[要點綜述]本文主要講述了在英國向樹干嵌入硬幣的方式仍然很受歡送，這是一種向上帝表達自己的愿望的做法。1.Becausetheybelieveit‘llbringthemgoodfortune.根據第二段“Thecoinsareusuallyknockedintotreetrunksusingstonesbypassers-by,whohopeitwillbringthemgoodfortune.〞可判斷作答。2.Becausetheybelieveddivinespiritslivedintrees.根據第四段“Itusedtobebelievedthatdivinespirits(神靈)livedintrees,andtheywereoftendecoratedwithsweetsandgifts—asisstilldonetodayatChristmas.〞可判斷作答。返回目錄專題二十六說明文型閱讀簡答新題預測3.Hewouldbecomeill.根據倒數第二段“Ifsomeonethentakesthecoinoutthough,it‘ssaidthattheythenbecomeill.〞可判斷作答。4.Hewouldtrytodriveanailintoatreewithoneblow.根據最后一段“InScotland,thereisalsoalegendaboutakissingtree.Ifayoungmancoulddriveanailintoatreewithoneblow,heearnedakissfromhissweetheart.〞可判斷作答。返回目錄

備用習題Chinesecuisine(菜肴)iswidelyknownandenjoyedintheworld.ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardofintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomof“tonicfood〞．Tonicfoodisthefoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveone'swell-being,orstaveoffsickness,particularlyattimeswhenoneismorelikelytofallill.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesame-oilhotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatesweating,andwarmthebody.返回目錄

備用習題Infact,somewesterntheoriesofhealtharesimilartothebeliefsinChinesetonicfood,althougheachtakesadifferentpathtowardstheverysamegoal.Westernmedicineactuallyrecommendssomeoftheexactsameingredientsthatmakeuptonicfoods.Sesameoilcanprovidelotsofcalories,andchickenmeatisparticularlyhighinprotein.AnyWesterndoctorshouldbehappytosuggestsuchaChinesedishafterchildbirth.返回目錄

備用習題Theelderly,weak,andyoungcanalsobenefitgreatlyfromtonicfoods,especiallyduringthewinter.Somefoods,suchasgoatmeatandspinach,areseenas“hot〞，whileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradish,areseenas“cold〞.Oneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither“hot〞or“cold〞food.However,howmuch“hot〞or“cold〞foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetimeoftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andtheindividual'shealth.返回目錄

備用習題“Warm〞or“cool〞tonicfoodsarestronglyrecommended.Thechoicesfor“warm〞and“cool〞foodsrangefromsimpleseacucumbertothedelicacyofbird'snestsoup,dependingontheindividual'seconomiccircumstances.Theconceptoftonicfoodisfarfromlosingcredibility,eitherwithWesternersorpractitionersofmodernmedicine.Forexample,upuntiltwoyearsago,tonicfoodswereaddedtothemealsservedatarenownedhospital.返回目錄

備用習題1.WhatattitudedotheyoungintheEastholdtowards“tonicfood〞？(Nomorethan5words)_________________________________________