主旨題——高考英語(yǔ)閱讀題集訓(xùn)1/21WarmupHowmanydifferences？2/21英語(yǔ)考試綱領(lǐng)要求考生能讀懂書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于普通性話題簡(jiǎn)短文段以及公告、說(shuō)明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息。考生應(yīng)能：

（1）了解主旨和要義

（2）了解文中詳細(xì)信息

（3）依據(jù)上下文推斷生詞詞義

（4）作出判斷和推理

（5）了解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)

（6）了解作者意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度高考全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷英語(yǔ)考試說(shuō)明和考試綱領(lǐng)（1）了解主旨和要義

3/21英語(yǔ)考試綱領(lǐng)任何一篇文章都會(huì)有一個(gè)主旨要義。有時(shí)從文章第一個(gè)段落，甚至第一個(gè)句子即可得出文章主旨要義，從這一段或這個(gè)句子讀者會(huì)知道文章描述是誰(shuí)或什么（即文章主題），亦會(huì)了解作者希望讀者了解主題方面哪些內(nèi)容。有時(shí)，文章主旨要義則需從文章字里行間進(jìn)行推斷。【難度大一些】這類試題主要考査考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意能力，它對(duì)考生歸納、概括能力有一定要求。

（1）了解主旨和要義4/21主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

詞義猜測(cè)型命題類所以相關(guān)閱讀了解題目主要有以下幾個(gè):推理判斷型5/21了解主旨大意題設(shè)題方式

學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)一6/211)主題類Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthemainideaofthepassage?2)目標(biāo)類Thepassageismeant/intended

to…Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…3)標(biāo)題類Thebesttitleofthepassageis…7/21利用主題句，快速把握段落、文章大意，是做好主旨大意題主要技巧。學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)二掌握定位主題句方法8/21

LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.Sample11、段首——開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，點(diǎn)出主題。

語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)為：點(diǎn)出主題——圍繞主題展開(kāi)陳說(shuō)、論證或說(shuō)明_______________________________________________9/21Sample2

Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocratic(民主)discussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedesignedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）段尾——詳細(xì)論證，總結(jié)陳詞。

語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)為：表述細(xì)節(jié)——概括主題（歸納關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)、得出結(jié)論、提出提議）

_____________________________________________________________________10/21Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（3）段中——引題過(guò)渡，導(dǎo)出主題。語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)為:“引題——主題思想——解釋”或“提問(wèn)——-回答——解釋”。Sample3__________________________________________________________________11/214）首尾——首尾呼應(yīng)，襯托主題

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterriblediseaseillness,cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?

語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)為:提出主題——展開(kāi)敘述或說(shuō)明——深入引申或發(fā)展主題

——————————————————————————————————12/21主題句位置1、段(文)首——開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，點(diǎn)出主題；2、段(文)尾——詳細(xì)論證，總結(jié)陳詞；3、段(文)中——引題過(guò)渡，導(dǎo)出主題;4、段(文)首尾—首尾呼應(yīng)，襯托主題；

13/21學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)三

以該主題句中“話題”為關(guān)鍵，把解釋性詞按一定語(yǔ)法濃縮為概括主題句句意或中心思想詞組或短句。

掌握提煉主題句方法

14/21Sample

某一文章主題句為：

Anadvertisingsloganistoabrandwhateyesaretoaperson.

該主題句話題是：解釋性詞：由此確定標(biāo)題為：sloganistoabrandwhateyesaretoapersonSloganAndBrand.15/21

Coffeeisauniversaldrinkthatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld.●Thebesttitleforthepassageshouldbe____.A.WaysofmakingcoffeeB.CoffeearoundtheworldC.AdviceonbuyingcoffeeD.Benefitsofdrinkingcoffee解題分析：該主題句話題是：解釋性詞：標(biāo)題：【Practice1】Thetopicsentenceofapassage：isauniversaldrinkthatisservedindifferentwaysaroundtheworld.Coffee16/21

(山東卷)

Areyoulazyaboutbrushingyourteeth?Neverfear:Aninventor

isonthecase.Anelectrictoothbrush(inventedbyServal)senseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush…Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.Theysaid“yes,”butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed.

●WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.HowServalfoundouthiskidsliedtohim.

B.What’sthemostimportantinvention.

C.HowServaltaughthiskidstobrushtheirteeth.

D.WhatinspiredServaltoinventthetoothbrush

【Practice2】___________________________________________17/21OnthesatellitedesignedbyDana,thereisaradarsystemthatwouldscanforandfindapieceofspacejunk.Then,thrusters(推進(jìn)器)wouldchangethesatellite’sorbitsothatitcouldchasedowntheobject.Asthesatellitegotclosetothejunk,cameraswouldkeepitontarget.Atthelastminute,adoorthatleadstoabulletproof(防彈)containerwouldopen,andthengetthejunkswallowed.Finally,whenthetrashcontainerwasfull,itwouldbeloweredtowardEarthonakilometers-longcableanditscontentsreleasedintotheupperatmosphere,wherethespacejunkwouldharmlesslyburnup.●Whatisthisparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howspacetrashcouldbeused.

B.HowDanadesignedhersatellite.

C.Howthesatellitewouldwork.

D.Howthesatellitewouldbecreated.

18/21學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)四：主旨大意題選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)1.畫蛇添足:即文中根本沒(méi)有提到，把自己觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給作者以充當(dāng)主題，或在文中找不到語(yǔ)言依據(jù)信息。

2.帽子太大:即選擇主題過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或文章缺乏充分論證。3.以偏概全:即只抓住了主題一個(gè)側(cè)面或一句沒(méi)有展開(kāi)敘述句子而誤認(rèn)為是主題。

正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息，不含過(guò)分必定或絕對(duì)意義詞;概括全文,內(nèi)容全方面,含義深刻,

貼切準(zhǔn)確。19/21

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whethery