三、形容詞和副詞1/46考點1形容詞和副詞詞形改變1.形容詞后綴(1)-able:①v.+able:reliable,eatable,enjoyable,movable等。②n.+able:valuable,reasonable,knowledgeable等。(2)-ible:terrible,horrible,invisible,possible等。2/46(3)-al:international,mental,medical,natural,general等。(4)-ant或-ent:instant,distant,constant,important,patient,different,absent等。(5)-ed或-ing:interested,interesting,pleased,pleasing等。(6)-en:wooden,golden,spoken,written,mistaken等。3/46(7)-ern:eastern,southern,western,northern等。(8)-ful:①n.+ful:colorful,beautiful,helpful,powerful等。②v.+ful:forgetful,careful等。(9)-less:fearless,harmless,useless,helpless等。(10)-ly:friendly,lovely,daily,weekly等。4/46(11)n./v.+(i)ous:curious,dangerous,various,anxious等。(12)-some:handsome,troublesome,tiresome等。(13)n.+-y:funny,lucky,snowy,rainy,dusty等。5/462.形容詞前綴(1)un-:unhappy,unfair,unimportant,uncomfortable,unnecessary等。(2)im-:impossible,impolite,impatient等。(3)in-:inactive,inconvenient,incorrect等。(4)dis-:disabled,dishonest等。6/46(5)ir-:irregular,irresponsible等。(6)il-:illegal等。7/463.副詞后綴普通都是adj.+-ly組成,如simple→simply等。【點津】注意以-e結(jié)尾形容詞變副詞時有去掉e,有不去e,直接加-ly。比如:definite→definitely,true→truly。8/46【典例剖析】用所給詞適當形式填空(·全國卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe______(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.9/46解題關(guān)鍵:此處表示(大使)這個頭銜將在倫敦一個儀式上正式授予給我,依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,應(yīng)該使用副詞作狀語修飾動詞given。答案判定:officially10/46【高考題組】用所給詞適當形式填空/單句改錯1.(·全國卷Ⅲ)Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich_________(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.2.(·四川高考)Chinesescientists_______(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.

graduallyrecently11/463.(·浙江高考)Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,_________(especial)ifyouaretravellingathighspeed.4.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat______(slow)duringcoolnights.especiallyslowly12/465.(·全國卷Ⅱ)As_______(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.6.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Theriverwassopollutedthatit_______(actual)caughtfireandburned.naturalactually13/467.(·遼寧高考)Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches,naturallyand_____(soft).softly14/468.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers________(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.9.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.(改錯)_________________suddenlysteady改為steadily15/4610.(·全國卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ieverfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.(改錯)_____________11.(·全國卷Ⅱ)Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.(改錯)_________________freely改為freeterrible改為terribly16/4612.(·遼寧高考)Thatistoomuchforus,consideringhowcloselythehousesare.(改錯)______________closely改為close17/46考點2形容詞和副詞基本使用方法1.在高考語法填空和短文改錯中會包括一些常見、與派生詞改變無關(guān)基本形容詞和副詞使用方法,如before,ago,many,much,ever,never等。18/462.有些副詞,如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等,作評注性狀語,往往修飾整個句子,而且它們常位于句首,且有逗號與后面句子分開。把握這么結(jié)構(gòu)和使用方法特點,有利于快速填空。19/463.連接副詞使用方法連接副詞邏輯語意意義though表轉(zhuǎn)折即使,然而yet表轉(zhuǎn)折然而,可是however表轉(zhuǎn)折,其后慣用逗號然而,不過instead表轉(zhuǎn)折或相反相反,代替otherwise表轉(zhuǎn)折否則besides表遞進另外,而且20/46連接副詞邏輯語意意義moreover表遞進再說,而且still表遞進依然,依然therefore表結(jié)果因此thus表結(jié)果因此anyway表讓步不論怎樣21/46【點津】注意however是常考詞,而且尤其要注意,所填空位于句首時,勿忘大寫第一個字母!短文改錯中可能會包括對這些副詞邏輯語意考查。*Manyofuswereraisedwiththesaying“Wastenot,wantnot.”Noneofus,however,cancompletelyavoidwasteinourlives.

22/46【典例剖析】單句改錯(·全國卷Ⅰ)Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.23/46解題關(guān)鍵:可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)animals前應(yīng)該用many修飾。注意:首字母應(yīng)該大寫。答案判定:句中Much→Many24/46【高考題組】單句改錯1.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden._____________before改為ago25/462.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Therearesomuchtomatoesthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.______________3.(·陜西高考)Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.____________much改為manywell改為good26/464.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.___________________5.(·全國卷Ⅰ)However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown._____________much改為well/clearlynever改為ever27/46考點3比較級、最高級使用方法相關(guān)比較級和最高級考查主要有以下幾點:1.等級使用方法固定句式(1)as+形容詞或副詞原級+as...像……一樣……(2)as+adj.+a(n)+n.單數(shù)+as...像……一樣……(3)notso/as+形容詞或副詞原級+as...不如……那樣……28/46(4)too/how+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞固定句型(5)asmany+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+as...或者asmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+as...和……一樣多(6)表示“二者中較……一個”,用“the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。29/46注意:asmuch+a/an+n.單數(shù)+as...既是……又是……*Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.人們通常認為教學既是一門藝術(shù)也是一門科學。30/462.修飾比較級副詞及副詞短語abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,manytimes,alot,agreatdeal,any,still,even,no等。見到這些詞時,首先考慮所填空是否要用比較級或最高級形式。注意:very,quite,fairly,too等通常修飾原級。31/463.否定詞十比較級表示最高級①Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheardabetteronebefore.你故事太完美了,我之前從來沒有聽過比這更加好故事。②Ican’tagreemore.我非常同意。32/46【點津】(1)對于形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級考查含有比較直接化特點,常出現(xiàn)標志性單詞,如as,than等,也常經(jīng)過設(shè)置語境,讓考生判斷用原級、比較級還是最高級,所以準確了解語境意義,理順上下文邏輯關(guān)系也是解題關(guān)鍵。33/46(2)在寫作中要注意對“the+比較級...,the+比較級...”這一句式結(jié)構(gòu)掌握,在兩個the+比較級后面兩個分句都要用陳說語序。34/46【典例剖析】用所給詞適當形式填空(·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseof______(great)andlessimportance.35/46解題關(guān)鍵:空格處和lessimportance是并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用比較級。答案判定:greater36/46【高考題組】用所給詞適當形式填空/單句改錯1.(·北京高考)Ididn’trealizehowlateitwaswhenwewereplaying.Maybeweshouldplaysome_______(quiet)musicatnight.2.(·天津高考)Itwasalsomuchmorethanwecouldafford,butfar___(little)thantheoriginalaskingprice.

quieterless37/463.(·天津高考)Helookedatmeforamoment,andthenwroteasentencecontainingthe____(good)adviceI’veeverhad.4.(·全國卷Ⅰ)Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris_______(clean)thanever.bestcleaner38/465.(·全國卷Ⅲ)Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.(改錯)______________6.(·四川高考)ThedishesthatIcookedwereMom’sfavoritest.(改錯)___________________worse改為worstfavoritest改為favorite39/467.(·陜西高考)Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld.(改錯)_____________8.(·浙江高考)Tomakemattersbad,nowIhavetosharea